Cell Structure

Divisions of Cell Type

• Prokaryotes- – No Nucleus (Bacteria)

• Eukaryotes- – Nucleus (Animal cells. You)

Organization of the cell

Plasma membrane - encompasses the functional cell unit–Membranes segregate most other individual

components of the cell• Nucleus• Organelles

Cytoplasm - suspension of fluid with various cellular elements

• Plasma membrane is selectively permeable. • This allows for isolated chemical environments.

How is the Double membrane possible ???

The cytoplasm consists of a clear liquid (cytosol), a supportive cytoskeleton (that also aids in cell movement), and networks of membranes and organelles

Inside the cell: Cytoplasm

Cytoplasm

• Cytoskeleton + Cytosol = Cytoplasm• Cytosol - The clear fluid portion of the

cytoplasm in which the particles are dispersed is called Cytosol– this contains mainly dissolved proteins,

electrolytes, and glucose.

Cell Nucleus

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Inside the cell: Cell Nucleus: large organelle bounded by a double-layered

nuclear membrane The site of cellular control Holds genetic information—DNA & RNA Contains chromatin

loosely coiled fibers of protein and DNA Contains the nucleolus

composed of RNA and protein and is the site of ribosome production

Rough ER & Smooth ER

Inside the cell: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)made up of membranes, flattened sacs, & vesiclesprovides a tubular transport system inside the cellRough ER: ER + ribosomes-functions in protein synthesisSmooth ER: ER without ribosomes-functions in lipid

synthesis

Inside the cell: Ribosomes Found attached to rough ER or scattered

throughout the cytoplasm Composed of protein and RNA Functions in protein synthesis

Protein Synthesis and Transport

Inside the cell: Golgi Apparatus (GA) composed of flattened sacs, and refines, packages,

modifies, & delivers proteins vesicles formed on ER travel to the GA GA modifies vesicle contents chemically-prepares them

for transport out of cell Vesicles form a “delivery service”, carrying chemicals

throughout the cell (vesicle trafficking).

Mitochondria

Inside the cell: Mitochondria the “powerhouses” of the cell contain enzymes needed for aerobic respiration (a

form of efficient ATP production) Very active cells contain thousands of mitochondria

example: skeletal muscle

Vesicle

A small, membranous sac that can be used for transportation

Inside the cell: Lysosomes & Peroxisomes Lysosomes are the "garbage disposals" of the cell &

contain digestive enzymes to break up old cell components and bacteria

Peroxisomes contain enzymes that function in the synthesis of bile acids, breakdown of lipids, degradation of rare biochemicals, and detoxification of alcohol

Using The List of Organelles Create a functional analogy

1. Cell membrane2. Cytosol3. Cytoskeleton4. Nucleus5. DNA6. RNA7. Smooth ER8. Rough ER

9. Ribosomes10.Mitochondria11.Lysosomes12.Peroxisomes13.Golgi Apparatus

Include a key explaining your analogy.