Cell Structures & Organelles Plasma Membrane. Cell Organelles Phospholipid Molecule.
Cell Organelles
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Transcript of Cell Organelles
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Cell Organelles
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COMMON CELL TRAITS
A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
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COMPARING CELLS
The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)
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PROKARYOTIC CELLS(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells without a nucleus EX: bacteria pond scum
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EUKARYOTIC CELLS(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)
cells with a nucleus EX: animals,
plants, fungi and protists
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ORGANELLES
Organelle = “little organ”
An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out specific activities for the cell.
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
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CELL WALL(Plant Cell Only)
Protects and supports Gives shape Stiff covering located outside of the cell membrane Allows materials to pass through A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most
bacteria cells.
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CELL MEMBRANE
Outer covering, protective layer around ALL cells.
For cells with cell walls, the cell membrane is inside the cell wall.
Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.
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CYTOPLASM
Not an organelle Cyto=cell Translucent, grayish, jellylike All organelles reside (live and float around in) the
cytoplasm Gelatin-like inside cell membrane Constantly flows Made mostly of water
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NUCLEUS Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for
everything the cell does These instructions are
found on a hereditary material called DNA
Usually the largest organelle
Easiest organelle to see under a microscope
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CHLOROPLAST(Plant Cell Only)
Contains chlorophyll Makes plants green Uses light energy to
make ATP & sugars Photosynthesis takes
place here
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CHLOROPHYLL
A green chemical that gives leaves & stems their color
Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose
Glucose is a type of sugar
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MITOCHONDRIA
Organelles that release energy from food
This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide
A.k.a. the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food
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RIBOSOMES
Make proteins Float freely or attached
to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Ribosomes are made in the nucleus
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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
A.k.a. “ER” A series of folded
membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell
Like a conveyor belt Smooth ER – ribosomes not
attached to ER Rough ER – ribosomes
attached to ER
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GOLGI COMPLEX
Stack of flat, pancake-shaped discs
Modify, sort, package, and store carbohydrates and proteins until they are needed.
Makes lysosomes
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LYSOSOMES
Breaks down materials for digestion
Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell
Garbage disposal of the cell
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VACUOLE
Most plant cells have one large one
Filled w/ fluid Temporary storage
spaces Stores food, water,
waste
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Plant and Animal Cells both have:
Cell MembraneNucleusCytoplasm with organelles
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Plant and Animal Cell Differences
PLANT CELL Has a cell wall which is
thicker and tougher than a cell membrane.
Contains chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll and allows the plant to make its own food.
ANIMAL CELL Does not contain a
cell wall.
Does not contain chloroplasts.
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1- Nucleus
2- Chromosomes
3- Mitochondria
4- Ribosomes
5- Chloroplasts
6- Vacuoles 7- ER 8- Cell Membrane
Technology Project Review
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Quick Review Which organelle is the control center of the cell?
Nucleus Which organelle holds the cell together?
Cell membrane Which organelles are not found in animal cells?
Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts Which organelle helps plant cells make food?
Chloroplasts What does E.R. stand for?
Endoplasmic reticulum
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NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. ____________b. ___________
c. ___________a. _________
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NAME THE ORGANELLE
d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast
c. Golgi body a. Nucleus