CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell...
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Transcript of CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell...
![Page 1: CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f055503460f94c1a360/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CELL GROWTH & DIVISION10-1 & 10-2
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2 Reasons why cells divide
1. _____________________As cell grows bigger demand on DNA“genetic library” becomes too great
Ex: Small town library has 1000 books. As town grows and more people borrow books, there may be a waiting list to read the most popular titles
DNA OVERLOAD
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2 Reasons why cells divide
2. _____________________As cell grows bigger demand for transport across membrane is too great
Material exchange can’t keep up
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Ability to transport of oxygen, food, waste across cell membrane depends on _______________
Need for these depends on ___________
SURFACE AREA
CELL VOLUME
As cell grows these DON’T increase at the same rate
See relationshipbetween volume and SA
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Go to Section:
Cell Size
Surface Area (length x width x 6)Volume (length x width x height)
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume in Cells
Section 10-1
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BIGGER CELLS NEED MORE FOODand OXYGEN, but CAN’T
TRANSPORTIT FAST ENOUGH or IN BIGENOUGH QUANTITIES!
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Multicellular organisms grow mainly by increasing cell number
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SPREAD OUT INNON-DIVIDING CELLS
SCRUNCHED UPIN DIVIDINGCELLS
CHROMATIN CHROMOSOMES
DNA CAN BE:
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DNA in PROKARYOTES
• BACTERIAL DNA is CIRCULAR• HAVE ONE CHROMOSOME• NO NUCLEUS;
ATTACHED TO CELL MEMBRANE
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DNA in EUKARYOTES(Plants & Animals)
• DNA is ROD-SHAPED CHROMOSOMES• MANY PAIRS• FOUND IN NUCLEUS
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Chromosome structure
• ___________________ 2 identical arms
• __________________ constricted area
holds chromatids together
•__________________ PAIR 2 of each chromosome(one from mom; one from dad)
CHROMATIDS
CENTROMERE
HOMOLOGOUS
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HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
• SAME SIZE• SAME SHAPE• CARRY GENES for the
SAME TRAITS• BUT ______________! (Don’t have to have
the SAME CHOICES)
NOT IDENTICAL
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CELL DIVISION in PROKARYOTES
Bacteria reproduce using__________________________________ BINARY FISSION
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______________ =series of events that cells go through as they grow and develop
cells alive cell cycle
CELL CYCLE
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CELL CYCLEINTERPHASE – non-dividing phase G1- Grow bigger
Cell is “doing its job” DNA is spread out as
chromatin
S - Synthesis (copy DNA)& chromosomal proteins
G2- Grow bigger, make organelles &
molecules needed for cell division
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CELL DIVISIONMITOSIS – Nuclear division Prophase Metaphase
AnaphaseTelophaseCytokinesis – Cytoplasm divides
G0 – cell stops dividing (Ex: nerve cell)
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Go to Section:
M phase
G2 phase
S phase
G1 phase
Figure 10–4 The Cell Cycle
Section 10-2
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INTERPHASE (G1 - S - G2)
In between divisionsCells are in this phase most of the timeCan see nucleus DNA spread out as chromatin
Can’t see chromosomes DNA gets copied (S)
Cell gets ready to divide
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PROPHASE1st dividing phase
Spindle fibers form & attach to chromosomes
Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear
DNA scrunches into chromosomes
Centrioles appear in centrosome region & move to poles
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________ region organizes spindle
Spindle MICROTUBULES are part of cytoskeleton
CENTROSOME
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METAPHASE
Chromosomes line up in ___________middle
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ANAPHASECentromeres splitCentrioles pull chromatids_______apart
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TELOPHASE (reverse prophase steps)
See ______ nuclei
Nuclear membrane & nucleolus returnChromosomes spread out as chromatinCentrioles disappear
Spindle fibers disappear
two
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CYTOKINESISCytoplasm splits into 2 cells
ANIMAL CELLS pinch cytoplasm in two with a ______________________CLEAVAGE FURROW
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CYTOKINESISCytoplasm splits into 2 cellsPLANT CELLS can’t pinch because they have a sturdy ____________
Plant cells separate cytoplasm by growing a _______________ down the middle.
CELL PLATE
CELL WALL
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Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
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Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
![Page 31: CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f055503460f94c1a360/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
![Page 32: CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f055503460f94c1a360/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Go to Section:
Centrioles
Chromatin
Interphase
Nuclear envelope
Cytokinesis
Nuclear envelope reforming
Telophase
Anaphase
Individual chromosomes
Metaphase
Centriole
Spindle
CentrioleChromosomes
(paired chromatids)
Prophase
Centromere
Spindle forming
Section 10-2
Figure 10–5 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
![Page 33: CELL GROWTH & DIVISION 10-1 & 10-2. 2 Reasons why cells divide 1. _____________________ As cell grows bigger demand on DNA “genetic library” becomes too.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649f055503460f94c1a360/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Videos
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Animal Cell Mitosis Animal Cell Cytokinesis
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Go to Section:
includes
is divided into is divided into
Concept Map
Section 10-2
Cell Cycle
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Go to Section:
includes
is divided into is divided into
Concept Map
Section 10-2
Cell Cycle
M phase (Mitosis)
Interphase
G1 phase S phase ProphaseG2 phase Metaphase TelophaseAnaphase