Cell Life Cycle. Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic...
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Transcript of Cell Life Cycle. Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic...
![Page 1: Cell Life Cycle. Cells have two major periods Interphase Cell grows Cell carries on metabolic processes Cell replicates DNA Cell division Cell replicates.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062309/56649f4f5503460f94c718c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Life Cycle
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Cell Life Cycle• Cells have two major periods
• Interphase
• Cell grows
• Cell carries on metabolic processes
• Cell replicates DNA
• Cell division
• Cell replicates itself
• Function is to produce more cells for growth and repair processes
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DNA Replication• Genetic material duplicated and
readies a cell for division into two cells
• Occurs toward the end of interphase
• DNA uncoils and each side serves as a template
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Events of Cell Division
• Mitosis
• Division of the nucleus
• Results in the formation of two daughter nuclei
• Cytokinesis
• Division of the cytoplasm
• Begins when mitosis is near completion
• Results in the formation of two daughter cells
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Mitosis
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Interphase• Interphase
• No cell division occurs
• The cell carries out normal metabolic activity and growth; transcription (DNA to mRNA), translation (mRNA to proteins), organelles duplicate
• Three stages:
• G1 - cell grows and functions normally
• S - (Synthesis) - DNA is duplicated
• G2 - cell resumes growth
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Stages of Mitosis• “A guy named Pro Met-a girl named Ana, and they Telo-
phoned each other.”
• Prophase
• Nuclear envelope begins to dissolve
• Centrioles migrate to the poles
• Chromatin starts to bundle into chromosomes (two chromatids)
• The familiar ‘X’ shape
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Stages of Mitosis
•Metaphase
• Chromosomes align at the center of the cell
• Special microtubules called spindle fibers attach to the chromosome’s centromeres
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Stages of Mitosis
•Anaphase
• Spindle fibers shorten and duplicated chromosomes (chromatids) are pulled toward the poles
• The cell begins to elongate
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•Telophase
• Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin again
• Nuclear envelope forms around each chromatin mass
• A cleavage furrow (for cell division) begins to form
Stages of Mitosis
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Cytokinesis
•Cytoplasm pinches into two parts
•Two smaller daughter cells that are genetically identical are the result
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Cytokinesis
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Protein Synthesis
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Making ProteinsIn addition to replicating itself during
cell division, DNA serves as the master blueprint for protein
synthesis.
List some examples of proteins:
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Two Major Phases of Protein Synthesis
1.Transcription
2.Translation
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Transcription
Involves the transfer of information from the DNA molecule into the
complementary base sequence of mRNA
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Translation
The “language” of the nucleic acids (base sequence) is “translated” into the language of proteins (amino acid
sequence).