Presented By: Tayyeba Suhail2014-ag-4357

Bsc. Agricultural EngineeringID-503

Engineering Hydrology

Ceasation of Hydrologic Cycle in Tharparker

In the name of ALLAH, who is the most merciful, the most beneficent.

To comprehend the Hydrologic Condition of Tharparker.

To elaborate the natural treasure present in the Great Desert

To present possible measures to change the fate of the most neglected area in Pakistan.

Objectives:

Extreme climateAt 29 degree North, 72 degree East in

subtropical zoneDry desertMissing of rain for yearsRiver Loni vanishesBounded with alluvial plains of Indus River

Tharparkar Climate:

Sand Dunes:As high as 152 m centered at Southern part of

desert and low ones of 16 m in North.Highly Salted water:As it turns well water poisonous.Not shortage but wastage of rainwater:100-500 mm/year…and 0.06% of total amount

of annual rainfall is being harvested. Rest is evaporated. Total domestic water need of 0.25% of total amount of annual rainfall.

Ceasation starts with…:-

Fluoride Contents :(permissible 1.5mg/L)In ground water samples, the fluoride

concentration is from 0.93-11.8 mg/L. These elevated levels of fluoride are giving a high risk of Dental and Skeletal fluorosis.

Research by AWAREEvaporation:Due to inadequate storage and rainwater

harvestingfacilities 95% of water stored is lost by the

evaporation.

Deep Water Table:In the area of Umerkot, Thar, mostly the clear water

well area of 1000 meter depth. This type of mining will destroy the soil structure.Lack of Maintenance of a few high tech Plants: installed there.. That stopped working due to no qualified operator.Land Degradation:Due to overgrazing by high animal proportion, high winds, mining and water erosion. After rain one-third of crops fail.

Average Temperature by Month

Being more strategic storing water:About 2-3rd water is wasted by evaporation from open

reservoirs and from underground storage tanks.Water treatment for making it suitable to drink:As to remove excess amount of fluoride, water must be

filtered. Reverse osmosis, deionizers, etc..Improve Rainwater Harvesting:By improving rainwater harvesting four times e.g from 0.06% to 0.25% of total AAR it can solve domestic problem needs.

Hydrological Cycle can be contiued by…

By harvesting 0.28% of AAR :23% of total cultivable land of Tharparker

could be cultivated to produce Rabi crops.Underground Water Storage:Underground water storage is more efficient as

it gets only 20% of evaporation losses while surface storing get 90% of evaporation losses.

Integrated Approach must be used to water quality, quantity and access.

Rather than installing advanced technology.

By installing Wind power project:Due to high wind velocities, Thar is an ideal place for development of wind energy. It has a potential of550MW of wind power.By producing power from coal:A lot of coal reserves present at as Lignite and heating value of 6200-11000 BTU/lb and has potential of

100,000 MW.By filter usage of aquifer present in between of coal

reserves:Three water aquifers at an average depth of 50m, 120m and more than 200 meters

How the fate of Tharparker can be changed?

By Settling Solar Energy based plants:

By Artificial raining:Government should recognize its duties to

make a rural area suitable for living. Artificial rain on national level should be done there.

Thank you