CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes CHAPTER – 6Class+10...Material downloaded from . 1 / 12 CBSE...
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Material downloaded from www.vidyakul.com. 1 / 12 CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes CHAPTER – 6 LIFE PROCESSES All living things perform certain life processes like growth, excretion, respiration, circulation etc. The basic functions performed by living organisms for their survival and body maintenance are called life process. Basic life processes are : Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, Excretion etc. Life Processes require energy which is provided by nutrition. Modes of Nutrition 1. Autotrophic :-Kind of nutrition in which organisms can synthesize their own food Eg. Green Plants 2. Heterotrophic:- Kind of nutrition of which organisms do not possess the ability to synthesize their own food. They depend on autotrophs for their food supply directly or indirectly. Eg. Animals, Fungi Autotrophic Nutrition Autotrophs : The organisms which can make their own food are called autotrophs (green plants). Photosynthesis : The process by which green plants make their own food with the help of CO and H O in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight is also called photosynthesis. Raw Materials for Photosynthesis : Site of Photosynthesis : Chloroplast in the leaf. Chloroplast contain chlorophyll. (green pigment).
Transcript of CBSE Class 10 Science Revision Notes CHAPTER – 6Class+10...Material downloaded from . 1 / 12 CBSE...
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CBSEClass10Science
RevisionNotes
CHAPTER–6
LIFEPROCESSES
Alllivingthingsperformcertainlifeprocesseslikegrowth,excretion,respiration,
circulationetc.
Thebasicfunctionsperformedbylivingorganismsfortheirsurvivalandbody
maintenancearecalledlifeprocess.
Basiclifeprocessesare:Nutrition,Respiration,Transportation,Excretionetc.
LifeProcessesrequireenergywhichisprovidedbynutrition.
ModesofNutrition
1. Autotrophic:-KindofnutritioninwhichorganismscansynthesizetheirownfoodEg.
GreenPlants
2. Heterotrophic:-Kindofnutritionofwhichorganismsdonotpossesstheabilityto
synthesizetheirownfood.Theydependonautotrophsfortheirfoodsupplydirectlyor
indirectly.Eg.Animals,Fungi
AutotrophicNutrition
Autotrophs:Theorganismswhichcanmaketheirownfoodarecalledautotrophs
(greenplants).
Photosynthesis:Theprocessbywhichgreenplantsmaketheirownfoodwiththe
helpofCO andH Ointhepresenceofchlorophyllandsunlightisalsocalled
photosynthesis.
RawMaterialsforPhotosynthesis:
SiteofPhotosynthesis:Chloroplastintheleaf.Chloroplastcontainchlorophyll.(green
pigment).
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MainEventsofPhotosynthesis
AbsorptionofSunlightenergybychlorophyll
tocarbohydrates.
Stomata:Tinyporespresentonthesurfaceoftheleaves.
FunctionsofStomata
(i) Exchangeofgases
(ii) Loseslargeamountofwater[watervapour]duringtranspirationandhelpsinup
flowofwater
Chloroplastcontainsthegreenpigmentchlorophyllwhichhasapivotalrolein
photosynthesis.
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NutritioninAnimals
NutritioninAmoeba
Amoebahasaholozoicnutrition.Thus,solidfoodparticlesareingestedwhichreactwith
enzymesandaredigested.Itisanomnivore.
(i) Amoebamovewiththehelpofpseudopodia(extensionofcellmembrane)
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(ii) Foodvaculeisformed
(iii) Undigestedfoodisthrownout.
NutritioninHumanBeings:Thehumandigestivesystemcomprisesofalimentary
canalandassociateddigestiveglands.
HUMANDIGESTIVESYSTEM
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HUMANDIGESTIVESYSTEM:Asshownintheflowchart,digestionbeginsfromthmouth.In
themouthitisbrokendownbysalivaryamylase.Thefoodmovestothestomachthroughthe
oesophaguswhichperformspersistaticmovement.Enzymesandvariousdigestionjuices
fromliver,gallbladderandpancreasactonthechunksfromthestomachinthesmall
intestine.Inthelargeintestine,theremainingnutrientsareabsorbedandtheleftoveris
removedfromthebodythroughtherectumandanus.
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Respiration
Itisaprocessinlivingorganismsinvolvingtheproductionofenergy,typicallywiththe
intakeofoxygenandthereleaseofcarbondioxidefromtheoxidationofcomplexorganic
substances.
(i) Gaseousexchange:Intakeofoxygenfromtheatmosphereandreleaseofcarbondioxide.
(ii) BreakdownofsimplefoodinordertoreleaseenergyinsidetheCellularRespiration
BreakdownofGlucosebyvariouspathways
Respiration
HumanRespiratorySystem:Passageofairthroughtherespiratorysystem.
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MechanismofBreathing
ExchangeofGasesbetweenalveolus,bloodandtissues.
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TerrestrialOrganism–useatmosphericoxygenforrespiration
AquaticOrganisms–useoxygendissolvedinwater.
RespirationinPlants:Respirationinplantsissimplerthantherespirationin
animals.Gaseousexchangeoccurthrough
1. Stomatainleaves
2. Lenticelsinstems
3. Generalsurfaceoftheroots.
Transportation
1. Humanbeingslikeothermulticellularorganismneedregularsupplyoffood,oxygenetc.,
ThisfunctionisperformedbycirculatorysystemorTransportsystem.
2. Thecirculatorysysteminhumanbeingsconsistsof:
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SectionviewoftheHumanHeart
DoubleCirculation:Bloodtravelstwicethroughtheheartinonecompletecycleof
thebody.
Pulmonarycirculation:bloodmovesfromthehearttothehugsandbackthe
heart.
Systemiccirculation:bloodmovesfromthehearttorestofthebodyandback
totheheart.
Lymph-ayellowishfluidthatescapesfromthebloodcapillariesintotheintercellular
spaces.Lymphflowsfromthetissuestotheheartassistingintransportationand
destroyinggerms.
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TransportationinPlants:Therearetwomainconductingtissuesinaplant.
(a) Xylem(b)Phloem.
Transpirationistheprocessbywhichplantslosewaterintheformofvapours.
RoleofTranspiration
1. AbsorptionandupwardmovementofwaterandmineralsbycreatingPULL.
2. HelpsintemperatureregulationinPlant.
Translocation:Transportoffoodfromleaves(foodfactory)todifferentpartofthe
plantiscalledTranslocation.
Excretioninhumanbeings:Theprocessoftheremovaloftheharmfulmetabolic
wastesfromthebodyiscalledexcretion.Excretorysystemofhumanbeingsincludes:
1. Apairofkidney
2. AUrinaryBladder
3. ApairofUreter
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4. AUrethera
ProcessofExcretion
Renalarterybringinbloodcontainingwastesubstancestothekidneys.
Kidneyfiltersblood.
Urineproducedinthekidneyspassesthroughtheuretersintotheurinarybladder
whereitisstoreduntilitisreleasedthroughtheurethera.
FunctionofKidney:Itisremovewasteproductfromthebloodi.e.,ureawhichis
producedintheliver.
Nephron:Eachkidneyhasalargenumberoffiltrationunitscallednephrons.
NephronisthestructuralandfunctionalunitofKidney.
MechanismofUrineFormation:TheUrineformationinvolvesthreesteps:
GlomerularFiltration:BloodisfilteredfromtheglomerulusintoBowmanCapsule
ofthenephron.Thisfiltratepassesthroughthetubulesofthenephron.
Tubularre-absorption:Now,usefulsubstancesfromthefiltrateLike ,
glucose,aminoacidsetc.arereabsorbedbythecapillariessurroundingthenephron
intotheblood.
Secretion:Urea,extrawaterandsaltsaresecretedintothetubulewhichopenup
intothecollectingduct&thenintotheureter.
Haemodialysis:Theprocessofpurifyingbloodbyanartificialkidney.Itismeantfor
Kidneyfailurepatient.
ExcretioninPlants
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1. Oxygenreleasedduringphotosynthesis.
2. bytranspiration
3. Wastesmaybestoredinleaves,barketc.whichfallofffromtheplant.
4. Wasteproductsstoredasgums,resininoldXylem
5. Plantsexcretesomewasteintothesoilaroundthem.
Whatyouhavelearnt
Movementofvarioustypescanbetakenasanindicationoflife.
Themaintenanceofliferequiresprocesseslikenutrition,respiration,transportof
materialswithinthebodyandexcretionofwasteproducts.
Autotrophicnutritioninvolvestheintakeofsimpleinorganicmaterialsfromthe
environmentandusinganexternalenergysourceliketheSuntosynthesiscomplex
high-energyorganicmaterial.
Heterotrophicnutritioninvolvestheintakeofcomplexmaterialpreparedbyother
organisms.
Inhumanbeings,thefoodeatenisbrokendownbyvariousstepsalongthe
alimentarycanalandthedigestedfoodisabsorbedinthesmallintestinetobesentto
allcellsinthebody.
Duringtheprocessofrespiration,complexorganiccompoundssuchasglucoseare
brokendowntoprovideenergyintheformofATP.ATPisusedtoprovideenergyfor
otherreactionsinthecell.
Respirationmaybeaerobicoranaerobic.Aerobicrespirationmakesmoreenergy
availabletotheorganism.
Inhumanbeings,thetransportofmaterialssuchasoxygen,carbondioxide,foodand
excretoryproductsisafunctionofthecirculatorysystem.Thecirculatorysystem
consistsoftheheart,bloodandbloodvessels.
Inhighlydifferentiatedplants,transportofwater,minerals,foodandothermaterials
isafunctionofthevasculartissuewhichconsistsofxylemandphloem.
Inhumanbeings,excretoryproductsintheformofsolublenitrogencompoundsare
removedbythenephronsinthekidneys.
Plantsuseavarietyoftechniquestogetridofwastematerial.Forexample,waste
materialmaybestoredinthecell-vacuolesorasgumandresin,removedinthe
fallingleaves,orexcretedintothesurroundingsoil.
