Causes of the Civil War
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Transcript of Causes of the Civil War
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Causes of the Civil WarStewing up trouble and turning up the
heat
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Why Stew??• What types of things
go into stew?
• How long does it take to cook?
• Why might this be a good way to look at the causes leading up to the Civil War?
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Slavery
Fugitive Slave ActDred Scott
Election of
Abraham Lincoln
Bleeding Kansas
Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850
John Brown’s Raid Harpers Ferry
Kansas Nebraska Act
States Rights
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Missouri Compromise 1820 Compromise of 1850
Missouri Compromise preserved the balance between free and slave states, and ended the debate in Congress over slavery in new states and territories – for a while
Maine = FREE state
Proposed byHenry Clay
Missouri = SLAVE state
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Missouri Compromise (1820) and Compromise of 1850
• Why an issue?• Continued the conflict over
slavery and the attempt to maintain a balance between slave and free states.
• Balance of Power…• North and South continued to
look for ways to change this balance and gain control.
Potatoes take a while to prepare, they must be cleaned and peeled and act as a filler in the stew. These two compromises were issues that filled the county with conflict, but never addressed the problem.
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Wilmot Proviso
• Congressman David Wilmot proposed that slavery be forbidden in any land acquired from Mexico. In contrast, John C. Calhoun proposed that Congress not be allowed to prohibit slavery in any way. Both proposals failed.
• The debate led to the formation of a new party, the Free Soil Party; the antislavery Whigs & Democrats lost the presidential election to Whig Zachary Taylor, hero of the Mexican War.
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Compromise of 1850
California entered as a free state.New Mexico territory would have no
restrictions on slavery.Texas- New Mexico border would be
settled (in New Mexico’s favor)Slave trade, but not slavery, was
banned in Washington, DCFugitive Slave Law passed
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Fugitive Slave Act 1850
• Required citizens to help capture slaves who ran away.
• People who helped runaways could be fined or imprisoned.
• Many Northern juries often refused to convict people accused of breaking this.
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Fugitive Slave Act
Carrots grow underground and slaves were often
caught and returned even
though they often hid underground. Also Caught and Carrots both start
with C.
Conditions under the Fugitive Slave Act helped
create the Underground Railroad.
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Uncle Tom’sCabin
• Author: Harriet Beecher Stowe • Date: 1852• vivid characters, dramatic incidences, showed
slavery as a cruel and brutal system. • Inspired strong feelings in the North and the
South» Northerners felt a stronger urge to abolish slavery» Southerners felt even more threatened.
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Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Uncle Tom’s cabin, the Broth or base for our stew, helps to flavor the issue of Slavery in both the North and the South.
="So you're the
little woman who wrote the book that started this
great war.“Abraham Lincoln
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Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854• During the presidency of Franklin
Pierce• Opened the door for slavery in the
Kansas and Nebraska territories.
• Increased the tension and mistrust between the North and the South. Kansas and
Nebraska are both
known for growing
corn.
Stephen A. Douglasproposed that states choose for themselves whether to be
free or slave states; popular sovereignty
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Bleeding Kansas
• Pro-slavery and anti-slavery groups rushed to the territories, armed themselves, and fought for control.
• Led to creation of Republican Party
Tomatoes and Blood are both red.
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Dred Scott
Dred Scott
Chief JusticeTaney
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The Dred Scott Decision• Slaves = property.• Slaves are not citizens not
protected under the U.S. constitution.
• Missouri Compromise = unconstitutional.
• popular sovereignty = unconstitutional.
• outraged abolitionist in the North, pleased Southerners, dividing the country more than ever.
Dred Scott thought he was
a free man, sweet peas, the
onions make you cry when
you find out he was considered
property and not free.
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Lincoln/Douglas Debates• Senate Race in Illinois in 1858. Senator Stephen
Douglas vs. the little known Abraham Lincoln. Douglas was against slavery personally, but believed that popular sovereignty would resolve the issue without interfering with national unity. Lincoln also personally opposed slavery, but thought there was no easy way to eliminate it where it already existed. He thought the solution was to prevent its spread into the territories.
• Lincoln challenged Douglas to a series of debates leading up to the election. The seven debates took place between August and October 1858. Slavery was the main topic.
• Douglas won the Election but Lincoln gained a national reputation. Southerners were feeling increasingly threatened by antislavery movement in the Republican Party.
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Raid on Harpers Ferry• October 16, 1859, abolitionist John
Brown led a raid on an arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
• The aim was to spark a slave uprising.
• John Brown’s death = rallying cry for abolitionists.
• Fears of a great northern conspiracy confirmed.
This event was the meat of the
idea that the North had a Conspiracy against the
South.
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Election of 1860• Lincoln opposed slavery, but
thought there was no easy way to eliminate it.
• He thought the solution was to prevent its spread into the territories.
• Lincoln won the election.Abraham Lincoln was
tall and skinny like a string bean.
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South Secedes Stirring the pot… • November 20, 1860, South Carolina
secedes, others states follow February 1861.
• February 4, 1861 Confederate States of America created, Jefferson Davis elected president.
• South grievance against US = not enforcing Fugitive Slave Act, denied Southern states equal rights in the territories violating their contract with the Union.
• Lincoln’s inaugural speech secession = unlawful and would not be permitted; pleaded for reconciliation.
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Firing on Fort Sumter
• Confederate army opens fire on the fort April 12, 1861.
• Union forces surrender April 14, with no loss of life on either side.
• The Civil War begins…These were the
events that kicked off the Civil War, in other words, turned up the heat.
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– Rights and powers independent of the federal government that are reserved for the states by the Constitution.
– The belief that states rights supersede federal rights and law.
States Rights
State’s Rights was a hot topic, constantly heating up the differences
between the North and South.
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Cultural Differences
North Center of Manufacturing, Favored high protective
tariffs strongly opposed to
slavery Efficient roads and
transportation Largest Cities
The North and the South had very different societies and cultures. Each was very loyal to their distinct region (Sectionalism)
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Cultural DifferencesSouth
Economy based on agriculture. Plantations grew cash crops,
cotton. Opposed tariff on manufactured
goods Favored Slavery.
The North and the South were as
different as salt and pepper.
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