DisunionDisunion

Causes of the Civil WarCauses of the Civil War

SectionalisSectionalismm

The North became

more industrialized and the South reliant on agriculture.

This increased tensions between the regions.

Divisions among people began to occur based on loyalties to their region.

States RightsStates Rights Slavery and economics

were growing problems between the North and South.

The debate over how much power a federal government should have continued to be an issue as well.

Southern states feared federal laws could overrule their state laws protecting slavery.

Tariff of Abomination -1828Tariff of Abomination -1828

The United States Congress passed a tariff (tax) on foreign imports to protect American manufacturing.

(Cost of foreign goods go up, making American goods more appealing)

It helped the North where most industries were located but hurt southern consumers who relied on foreign goods to purchase.

The South feared that foreign countries (like Great Britain) would retaliate and place a tariff on their cotton.

Nullification Crisis- Nullification Crisis- 18321832

South Carolina argued that the tariff was unconstitutional.

Led by John C. Calhoun, they threatened to nullify (cancel/reject) the federal tax in the state of South Carolina.

President Andrew Jackson threatened to send troops South to enforce the law.

South Carolina backed down.

What do you think?What do you think?

Should a state have the right to nullify a Should a state have the right to nullify a federal law if it is harmful to that state?federal law if it is harmful to that state?

Yes or No, and be able to explain.Yes or No, and be able to explain.

Discuss with the people at your table for a Discuss with the people at your table for a few minutes and come to a consensus for few minutes and come to a consensus for your group.your group.

Movement WestMovement West

After purchasing land from France in the After purchasing land from France in the Louisiana Purchase and removing Native Louisiana Purchase and removing Native Americans from the land, settler began Americans from the land, settler began moving into the newly acquired land. moving into the newly acquired land.

Southern states wanted to new land to Southern states wanted to new land to grow cotton, which required slavery.grow cotton, which required slavery.

Northern states wanted to land to remain Northern states wanted to land to remain free, and used for industrialization.free, and used for industrialization.

Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase

Slave or Free?Slave or Free?

As new states began to join the As new states began to join the Union (United States) there was Union (United States) there was debate and competition between the debate and competition between the northern states and southern states northern states and southern states as to whether or not the new states as to whether or not the new states should be free or slave.should be free or slave.

Balancing States- Free and Balancing States- Free and SlaveSlave Missouri wanted to join the

United States. People in Missouri wanted

slavery to be legal. Northern states wanted to let

Missouri join only if slavery was illegal.

Congress tried to find a way to keep a balance between slave and free states.

This would keep a balance of representation from slave and free states in Congress.

Missouri Compromise -1820Missouri Compromise -1820 Missouri was allowed to join as a slave state. Maine joined at the same time as a free state to keep

the balance ( 12 free and 12 slave). (Why is a balance important?)

A latitude line was established (36° 30’ N) to divide future slave from free states. . (Missouri Compromise Line)(Missouri Compromise Line)

The compromise lasted 30 years.

US after the Missouri Compromise

New Lands / New New Lands / New Compromise Compromise

War with Mexico added more land to the United States in 1848.

Texas joined the U.S. as a slave state in 1845.

(13 slave to 12 free states) Territories of New Mexico

and Utah were created. California gold strike led

to their wish to join the U.S. as a new state.

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850

California joined as a free state. (Balanced again 13 slave states and 13 free

states) From now on any new states could vote (free or

slave) as they joined the U.S. through popular sovereignty.

Slavery was abolished in Washington D.C. The Fugitive Slave Act was passed to satisfy the

Southern states. All escaping slaves had to legally be returned to

their owners.

Compromise of 1850 MapCompromise of 1850 Map

The Georgia Platform- 1850The Georgia Platform- 1850

Georgia held a convention to debate the Compromise of 1850.

Georgia would support the Compromise if the Fugitive Slave Act was enforced.

Georgians also wanted the North to stop trying to ban slavery in new states.

Alexander Stephens led the effort to keep Georgia in the country and to support the Union of the country.

The Georgia Platform is credited with preventing war and secession at that time.

Circle Map Circle Map

The CompromiseOf 1850.

Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854

The Kansas and Nebraska territories were expected to soon join the U.S.

The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise.

It gave people in each territory the right to vote for slavery or not (popular sovereignty).

Pro-slavery people moved to Kansas to sway the vote towards slavery.

Anti-slavery forces sent people to sway the vote for a free state.

Kansas/Nebraska MapKansas/Nebraska Map

ViolenceViolence

Violence between the setters turned the territory into what became known as “Bleeding Kansas”

Kansas finally voted to become a free state.

Southern states felt the vote was unfair.

Dred Scott- 1857Dred Scott- 1857

He was a slave from Missouri. He sued for his freedom in

the United States Supreme Court but lost.

They said he could not sue for his freedom because he was not a citizen, but rather property of his white master.

Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad(no notes)(no notes)

A network of safe houses and hiding places for slaves escaping to Canada.

Activity increased in the North in response to the Fugitive Slave Act.

Harriet Tubman became famous for helping hundreds of slaves reach freedom.

Harpers FerryHarpers Ferry(no notes)(no notes)

Abolitionist John Brown led a raid on a U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

He hoped to start a slave uprising by giving them weapons.

It failed and he was captured and hanged for treason.

Many in the South saw him as a dangerous villain.

Many in the North saw him as a hero.

Election of 1860Election of 1860

A new anti-slavery party was formed called the Republicans.

Abraham Lincoln was the Republican candidate for president.

Three other candidates also ran. Lincoln won a majority of electoral votes,

and popular (people’s) votes. No southern states supported him in the

election.

Election of 1860 map

Election Chart - 1860Election Chart - 1860

The Election of 1860

Candidate Georgia Vote

Popular U.S. Vote

Electoral Vote

John Bell (Constitutional Union)

42,960 592,906 39

John Breckinridge (Southern Democrat)

52,176 858,356 72

Stephen A. Douglas (Northern Democrat)

11,581 1,382,713 12

Abraham Lincoln (Republican)

None 1,865,593 180

TOTALS 106,717 4,689,568 303

Secession Debate - 1861Secession Debate - 1861

Lincoln’s victory caused southern states to debate secession (leave the Union).

They believed Lincoln would end slavery everywhere.

South Carolina voted to secede unanimously. Alexander Stephens argued to keep Georgia from

seceding. Georgia chose in a close vote to secede in January

of 1861. 11 states eventually seceded to form the

Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis became their first president. Alexander Stephens became vice president.

Map of United States- late 1861Map of United States- late 1861(completed)(completed)

TXLA

MS AL GA

FL

SCARTN

NC

VAMO KY

DE

MD

PAOH

ILIN

NY

CA KS

Compromises Quiz

Match the Missouri Compromise, The Compromise of 1850, or Kansas-Nebraska Act with each statement below.

1. A slave or free line was created at 36’30.

2. Popular Sovereignty would determine slave or free

states.

3. It caused violence to break out in the territories.

4. Alexander Stephens helped pass the Georgia Platform.

5. Slavery was abolished in Washington D.C.

6. Maine was added as a free state.

7. California was added as a free state.

8. The Fugitive Slave Act was agreed to.

9. It kept the country together for 30 years.

10. The Missouri Compromise was repealed.

Disunion Terms and Dates QuizDisunion Terms and Dates QuizNumber a lined piece of paper from 1-10. Match the term to the Number a lined piece of paper from 1-10. Match the term to the correct definition by writing each term by the number to which it correct definition by writing each term by the number to which it

belongs .belongs .

1832 states rights sectionalism free state 1832 states rights sectionalism free state nullification 1828 tariff abolitionist popular nullification 1828 tariff abolitionist popular

sovereignty free soilsovereignty free soil

1.1. A person strongly against slavery.A person strongly against slavery.

2.2. To feel a loyalty to your own region.To feel a loyalty to your own region.

3.3. To reject a law of the federal government.To reject a law of the federal government.

4.4. A tax to help your goods be competitive with foreign goods.A tax to help your goods be competitive with foreign goods.

5.5. The year of the Nullification Crisis.The year of the Nullification Crisis.

6.6. A system where residents get to vote on an issue.A system where residents get to vote on an issue.

7.7. The year that the Tariff of Abomination became law.The year that the Tariff of Abomination became law.

8.8. The privilege a state has to govern itself by its own rules.The privilege a state has to govern itself by its own rules.

9.9. The right to keep slavery from spreading to new territories.The right to keep slavery from spreading to new territories.

10.10. A state where slavery was declared illegal.A state where slavery was declared illegal.