Causal Hypotheses. l Statement of relationship between an independent and dependent variable l...
Transcript of Causal Hypotheses. l Statement of relationship between an independent and dependent variable l...
Causal HypothesesCausal HypothesesCausal HypothesesCausal Hypotheses
Causal HypothesesCausal HypothesesCausal HypothesesCausal Hypotheses
Statement of relationship between an Statement of relationship between an independent and dependent variableindependent and dependent variable
Describes a cause and effectDescribes a cause and effect Usually stated in two formsUsually stated in two forms
The null hypothesisThe null hypothesis The alternative hypothesisThe alternative hypothesis
The two forms areThe two forms are Mutually exclusiveMutually exclusive ExhaustiveExhaustive
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)
Employee training program will reduce Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism.employee absenteeism.
There will be There will be no change no change or there will be or there will be moremore absenteeism as a result of training.absenteeism as a result of training.
There will be There will be lessless absenteeism as a result of absenteeism as a result of training.training.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)
Employee training program will reduce Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism.employee absenteeism.
There will be There will be no change no change or there will be or there will be moremore absenteeism as a result of training.absenteeism as a result of training.
There will be There will be lessless absenteeism as a result of absenteeism as a result of training.training.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
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No changeNo change
LessLess MoreMore
AbsenteeismAbsenteeism
Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (One-Tail)
Employee training program will reduce Employee training program will reduce employee absenteeism.employee absenteeism.
There will be There will be no change no change or there will be or there will be moremore absenteeism as a result of trainingabsenteeism as a result of training..
There will be There will be lessless absenteeism as a result of absenteeism as a result of training.training.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
A “one-tail” hypothesisA “one-tail” hypothesis
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No changeNo change
LessLess MoreMore
AbsenteeismAbsenteeism
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)
Our new drug treatment will cause a difference Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression.in depression.
There will be There will be no change no change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatment.result of treatment.
There will be There will be a change a change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatment.result of treatment.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)
Our new drug treatment will cause a difference Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression.in depression.
There will be There will be no change no change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatment.result of treatment.
There will be There will be a change a change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatment.result of treatment.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
00 ++--
No changeNo change
LessLess MoreMore
DepressionDepression
Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)Causal Hypothesis (Two-Tail)
Our new drug treatment will cause a difference Our new drug treatment will cause a difference in depression.in depression.
There will be There will be no change no change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatmentresult of treatment..
There will be There will be a change a change in depression as a in depression as a result of treatment.result of treatment.
Causal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesisCausal hypothesis
Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:Alternative:
Null:Null:Null:Null:
A “two-tail” hypothesisA “two-tail” hypothesis
00 ++--
No changeNo change
LessLess MoreMore
DepressionDepression