Categories of Active Fire Protection
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Categories of Active Fire Protection [edit] Fire suppression Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting) or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire extinguisher or a Standpipe system. Auto matic means can include a fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or fire fighting foam system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in large commercial kitchens or other high-risk area. [edit] Sprinkler systems Fire sprinkler systems are installed in all types of buildings, commercial and residential. They are usually located at ceiling level and are connected to a reliable water source, most commonly city water. A typical sprinkler system operates when heat at the site of a fire causes a g lass component in the spr inkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. This means that only the sprinkler head at the fire location operate - not all the sprinklers on a floor or in a building. (This is a co mmon misconception which stems from action movie scenes). Sprinkler systems help to reduce the growth o f a fire, thereby increasing life safety and limiting structural damage. [edit] Fire detection The fire is detected either by locating the smoke, flame or heat, and an alarm is sounded to enable emergency evacuation as well as to dispatch the local fire department. An introduction to fire detection and suppression can be found here. Where a detection system is activated, it can be programmed to carry out other actions. These include de-energising magnetic hold open devices on Fire doors and opening servo-actuated vents in stairways Fire Alarm Systems Categories There are many types of fire alarm systems each suited to d ifferent building types and applications. A fire alarm system can vary dramatically in both price and complexity, from a single pa nel with a detector and sounder in a small comercial property to an addressable fire alarm system in a multi-occupancy building. As can be seen from this example these systems have to protect both buildings and occupants. The categories of fire alarm systems are L if t hey are designed to protect life, P to pr otect buildings and M if they are manual systems. M Fire Alarm System
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Transcript of Categories of Active Fire Protection
8/6/2019 Categories of Active Fire Protection
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/categories-of-active-fire-protection 1/5
Categories of Active Fire Protection
[edit ] Fire suppression
Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually (firefighting) or automatically. Manualincludes the use of a fire extinguisher or a Standpipe system. Automatic means can include a firesprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or fire fighting foam system. Automatic suppressionsystems would usually be found in large commercial kitchens or other high-risk area.
[edit ] Sprinkler systems
Fire sprinkler systems are installed in all types of buildings, commercial and residential. They areusually located at ceiling level and are connected to a reliable water source, most commonly citywater. A typical sprinkler system operates when heat at the site of a fire causes a glasscomponent in the sprinkler head to fail, thereby releasing the water from the sprinkler head. Thismeans that only the sprinkler head at the fire location operate - not all the sprinklers on a floor or in a building. (This is a common misconception which stems from action movie scenes).Sprinkler systems help to reduce the growth of a fire, thereby increasing life safety and limitingstructural damage.
[edit ] Fire detection
The fire is detected either by locating the smoke , flame or heat , and an alarm is sounded toenable emergency evacuation as well as to dispatch the local fire department . An introduction tofire detection and suppression can be found here . Where a detection system is activated, it can be
programmed to carry out other actions. These include de-energising magnetic hold open deviceson Fire doors and opening servo-actuated vents in stairways
Fire Alarm Systems Categories
There are many types of fire alarm systems each suited to different building types and applications. A firealarm system can vary dramatically in both price and complexity, from a single panel with a detector andsounder in a small comercial property to an addressable fire alarm system in a multi-occupancy building. Ascan be seen from this example these systems have to protect both buildings and occupants.
The categories of fire alarm systems are L if they are designed to protect life, P to protect buildings and M if they are manual systems.
M Fire Alarm System
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Manual systems e.g. hand bells, gongs etc. These may bepurely manual or manual electric, the latter may have callpoints and sounders. They rely on the occupants of thebuilding discovering the fire and acting to warn others byoperating the system. Such systems form the basicrequirement for places of employment with no sleepingrisk.
P1 Fire Alarm System
The system is installed throughout the building - theobjective being to call the fire brigade as early as possibleto ensure that any damage caused by fire is minimised.Small low risk areas can be excepted, such as toilets andcupboards less than 1m².
P2Fire Alarm System
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Detection should be provided in parts of the building wherethe risk of ignition in high and/or the contents areparticularly valuable. Category 2 systems provide firedetection in specified parts of the building where there iseither high risk or where business disruption must beminimised.
L 1 Fire Alarm System
A category L1 system is designed for the protection of lifeand which has automatic detectors installed throughout allareas of the building (including roof spaces and voids)withthe aim of providing the earliest possible warning. ACategory L1 system is likely to be appropriate for themajority of residential care premises. In practice detectorsshould be placed in nearly all spaces and voids. Withcategory 1 systems, the whole of a building is coveredapart from minor exceptions.
L 2 Fire Alarm System
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A category L2 system designed for the protection of l ife andwhich has automatic detectors installed in escape routes,rooms adjoining escape routes and high hazard rooms. In amedium sized premises (sleeping no more than tenresidents) a category L2 system is ideal. These fire alarmsystems are identical to an L3 system but with additionaldetection in an area where there is a high chance of ignitione.g. kitchen) or where the risk to people is particularlyincreased (e.g. sleeping risk).
L3 Fire Alarm System
This category is designed to give early warning toeveryone. Detectors should be placed in all escape routesand all rooms that open onto escape routes. Category 3systems provide more extensive cover than category 4. Theobjective is to warn the occupants of the building earlyenough to ensure that all are able to exit the buildingbefore escape routes become impassable.
L4 Fire Alarm System
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Category 4 systems cover escape routes and circulationareas only. Therefore, detectors will be placed in escaperoutes, although this may not be suitable depending on therisk assessment or if the size and complexity of a buildingis increased. Detectors might be sited in other areas of thebuilding, but the objective is to protect the escape route.
L5 Fire Alarm System
This is the µall other situations¶ category e.g. computerrooms which may be protected with an extinguishingsystem triggered by automatic detection. Category 5systems are the µcustom¶ category and relate to somespecial requirement that cannot be covered by any othercategory.
