Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...
Transcript of Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...
![Page 1: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Case Study: Successfully
Designing, Installing, and
Testing a Microgrid
Scott Manson,
Technology Director Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 2: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Microgrid projects
• Lessons learned
• Technology advancements
• Remaining challenges
Chronological History of Microgrids
![Page 3: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Multifunction protection
• Remote I/O
• Metering
• Power quality monitoring
• Programmable logic
controller
• IEC 61850
• Sequence of Events records
• High-speed
communications
• Continuous
self-diagnostics
• Synchrophasors
• DC battery monitoring
• Human interface displays
• Trip and close controls
• Oscillography recorder
1984–2004 Microgrid Intelligence Multifunction Microprocessor Relays
Evolve Rapidly
![Page 4: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2002 – Motor Oil Hellas Korinthos, Greece
Centralized
Microgrid
ControlsFront-End
Processing
Relay Relay Relay Relay Relay
2,500
Relays
Utility
Loads
Front-End
Processing
![Page 5: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• Front-end processing facilitates scaled
architecture and subcycle communications
• Crosspoint switch enables subcycle
load shedding
• Subcycle load shedding allows seamless
islanding
2002 – Motor Oil Hellas Speed Is Essential for Seamless Islanding!
![Page 6: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2002 – Motor Oil Hellas Lessons Learned
Crosspoint Switch
Trigger
Inputs
Contingency Loads Selected to Shed
1 2 3 4 5 6
G1 Trip X X
G2 Trip X X
G3 Trip X X
G4 Trip X X X
Bus Tie Trip X X X
f
t CB Opens
Load-
Shedding
Outputs
Quantity of IEDs1 10 100 1,000 10,000
0
20
402002 2015
Closed Loop
Load-Shedding
Time (ms)
![Page 7: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
2006 – Saudi Aramco Shaybah, Saudi Arabia
Plant 3
(69 kV AIS)
Plant 2
(115 kV GIS)
Plant 2
(230 kV GIS)
Plant 1
(230 kV GIS)
![Page 8: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
2006 – Saudi Aramco Factory Acceptance Tests Improved With
Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
Controller
Inputs
ControllerStatus
Controls
Dynamic
Simulation
System
Outputs
![Page 9: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Generation Runback Making Turbine Respond at Speed of Inverter
MW
t
Contingency Detected (breaker trips)60 MW (actual load)
30 MW (runback target MW load)
Signal Sent by Generation-Shedding System
Maximum Runback MW Setpoint
Speed
Reference
Speed Feedback
Speed ControlValve
Control
Runback Reference
Runback
Selector
Valve
![Page 10: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Dynamic Behavior Requires
Modeling Mechanical and
Electrical Systems
0.96
1.0
Power (pu)
Frequency (pu)
1.0
Steady-State
Droop Line
3
21
Transient Governor
Behavior
Governor
Frequency
Set Point
![Page 11: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
System Synchronization Safely Reconnecting Islanded Grids
![Page 12: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Graphical Interfaces Teach Operators to Dispatch Grid Differently
![Page 13: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Battery
CFE
(Mexico)
AEP
(U.S.A.)
Local Distribution
Inverter
Google®
2008 – Presidio, Texas 4 MW NaS Battery Microgrid Controls
![Page 14: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Short-Term
Capacity Limit
Long-Term
Capacity Limit
Inverter-Based
Generation
Q
P
Q
P
Rotating
Generators
2008 – Presidio, Texas Inverters Are Not as Robust as
Rotating Machinery
![Page 15: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Google®
2010 – BHP Worsley Alumina Collie, Australia
Electric Utility
STG-A STG-B STG-C STG-D
15 MW
STG-C Grid Island
![Page 16: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Time (ms relative)
120,000 140,000 160,000 180,000 200,000 220,000
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
120000 140000 160000 180000 200000 220000
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
Time ( ms relative)
Steam turbine and boiler
control scheme changed
under islanded conditions
2010 – BHP Worsley Alumina Islanded Steam Turbines and Electronic
Loads May Not Mix!
Fre
qu
en
cy (
Hz)
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time (seconds)
10:17:35.701
Circuit Breaker
Open
10:18:43
Automatic
Synchronization Start
10:19:10.928
Underfrequency Level 1
Shed 0.93 MW
10:19:25
Oscillation
Start Governor
10:21:38
Isochronous Mode
10:21:46.929
Generator Trip
![Page 17: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2010 – BHP Worsley Alumina Intentional Disconnecting at PCC
Increases Reliability
df/dt (Hz/s)
X1 X2
Y1
Y2
–X1–X2
–Y1
–Y2
Δf (Hz)
Trip
Region 1
Trip
Region 2
![Page 18: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Large system designs
were scaled down in
cost and complexity
• Early participation in
designs reduced costs
Protective
Relays
Local
Visualization
Engineering
Applications
Thin Clients
IO modules
Microgrid Controller
Layer 1 – Protection
Layer 2 – Controls
Layer 3 – Visualization
Layer 3.5 – DMZ
Physical Security Perimeter
Firewalls
Firewalls
Layer 3.5 – Business Networks
Firewalls
In-Depth Cybersecurity Is Required!
2012 – Chevron Jack
and St. Malo Offshore Platforms
Complexity Required to Be
Scaled Down for Remote Facility
![Page 19: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• User inputs
System inertia
Load composition factors
• Live relay measurements
Loads and source metering (kW)
Frequency and df/dt triggers
Inertia Compensation and
Load Tracking (ICLT) Balances Power Mismatch for
Underfrequency Events!
98
0
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
Po
we
r (M
W)
5 10 15 20Time (seconds)
Electrical Power
Mechanical Power
Speed
![Page 20: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Outside
Networks
Security GatewayVisualization, Economic
Optimization, Engineering Tools
Central Controllers
Communications Equipment
Current and
Voltage TransformersCircuit Breakers
Power Generation
Controllers
Protective
RelaysRemote I/O
Metering and
Power Quality
Layer 4
Layer 3
Layer 2
Layer 1
Layer 0
Tier 2 and 3
MGCS
Tier 1
MGCS
Microgrid
2014 – University of California
San Diego, California
Industrial and utility technology,
procedures, modeling, testing, and
commissioning methods were a perfect fit!
![Page 21: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21 3 4 5
1.8 MW
12 kV
69 kV
Phase 2
CS CS
Relay Relay
Phase 3
RelayV RelayV
V
Relay
V
Relay
V
Relay
Phase 1
V
Relay
1.8 MW
Automation
Controller
G2
Relay
G1
Relay
Relay
500 kW
Battery
System
Relay
Phase 2
1 MW
Battery
System
Relay
2015 – Borrego Microgrid 2.0 PCC Is Protection Challenge
![Page 22: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Protection
Meter and I/O
Protection
Meter and I/O
Tesla
Battery
Synchronous Condenser
and Flywheel
Protection
Meter and I/O
RTAC
Computer
HMI
HMISecurity
Gateway
WAN
Relay
Relay
Computer
Relay
Clamp-On
CTs for
Monitoring
Key Points
of Grid
Microgrid
Controls
Serial
Data
Diode
Portable Control Center
Utility PCC Diesel
GeneratorsWind TurbinesPhotovoltaic
Solar Cells
Monitoring
and
DispatchMonitoring
and
Dispatch
Communication
Three-Phase Power
CT and PT
Relay Relay
Relay
Portable Control Center Protection Panels in Portable Control Center
Synchronous
Condenser and Flywheel
Tesla Battery
2, 250 kW, 4 hour
RTAC
Computer
HMI
HMISecurity
Gateway
WAN
Computer
Microgrid
Controls
Serial
Data
Diode
2016 – Navy Seabees Microgrid Controls, Protection, and
Security Can Be Small and Portable
![Page 23: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Modern Microgrids Automatically
Separate, Survive, and Synchronize
Islanded
Operation
Synchronization
Reintegration Reconfiguration
Separation
Grid-Tied
Operation
![Page 24: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Questions?
![Page 25: Case Study: Successfully Designing, Installing, and ...](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081623/61580b78af83a3488e050485/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
References
[1] E. R. Hamilton, J. Undrill, P. S. Hamer, and S. Manson, “Considerations for Generation in an Islanded Operation,” proceedings of the 56th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference, Anaheim, CA, September 2009.
[2] A. Al-Mulla, K. Garg, S. Manson, and A. El-Hamaky, “Case Study: A Dual-Primary Redundant Automatic
Decoupling System for a Critical Petrochemical Process,” proceedings of the 6th Annual Petroleum &
Chemical Industry Committee Europe Conference, Barcelona, Spain, May 2009.
[3] S. Manson, A. Upreti, and M. J. Thompson, “Case Study: Smart Automatic Synchronization in Islanded Power
Systems,” proceedings of the Power and Energy Automation Conference, Spokane, WA, March 2013.
[4] S. Manson, A. Khatib, M. Checksfield, and P. Duffield, “Case Study: Simultaneous Optimization of Electrical
Grid Stability and Steam Production,” proceedings of the 61st Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry
Technical Conference, San Francisco, CA, September 2014.
[5] S. Manson, G. Zweigle, and V. Yedidi, “Case Study: An Adaptive Underfrequency Load-Shedding System,”
proceedings of the 60th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, Chicago, IL,
September 2013.
[6] S. Manson, B. Kennedy, M. Checksfield, “Solving Turbine Governor Instability at Low Load Conditions,”
proceedings of the 62nd Annual Petroleum and Chemical Industry Technical Conference, Houston, TX,
October 2015.