Case Study on NTC ha Satellite Earth Station

Kathmandu Engineering CollegeKalimati, Kathmandu

A Report on case studyIn

“Nepal Telecommunication Company Limited”On the subject

“Organization and Management”

Submitted By:NyayaPratap K.C. (65017 BCT)

OjashDahal (65018 BCT)SanjayaShrestha (65031 BCT)

SudipAdhikari (65037 BCT)

Submitted To:Mr. Shyam Krishna Joshi

February 27,2012

AcknowledgementFirst of all we would like to express our deep gratitude and sincere appreciation to our course teacher Mr. Shyam Krishna Joshi, Associate Professor, Department Science and Humanities of IOE, Pulchowk and Mr.Anul Joshi, Lecturer, Kathmandu Engineering College,Kalimati. They provided us continuous inspiration and encouragement on doing the case study. Without their guidance this study would never have completed.

We also would like to express our gratitude to workers of Sagarmatha satellite earth station (NTC), for their kind cooperation during the discussion on the concerned matter. Without their cooperation, this study wouldn’t have succeeded.

Finally we would like to thank our Department of Electronics and Computer for providing a chance to visit in Sagarmatha satellite earth station (NTC) .

AbstractThis case study entitled “A Case Study On Communication Technology On

Field Visit to Nepal Telecom” is carried out. First, we went to the organisation with the college letter requesting the permission for the case study. We all members went first to “Nepal Telecom Head office” which is situated in Bhadrakali. The formal procedure, according to them would take about one month. We were redirected with another letter from NTC head office to the “Nepal Telecom Training Center, Babarmahal” for permission to visit the “Sagarmata satellite earth station, Balambhu”.

Then, we obtained the information and data necessary for our case study from NTC, net and from the office personnel. We technically observed the satellite control rooms, inter regional and international trunk stations, and other general workings. Then we finally came with this case study.

In our case study, first we have included our introduction section where we have provided the introductory profile of NTC and the general Communication System model. Then the other part deals with the organizational structure of NTC , management models , office personnel management , different departments and their coordination, finally summary of the services offered by the NTC.

Finally, we pointed out the limitations of NTC, improvements and suggestions forwarded to the organization.

ContentsAcknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................2

Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................3

Table of contents.........................................................................................................................................4

Introduction(65018 BCT).............................................................................................................................5

Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited.....................................................................................................5

Sagarmatha satellite earth station...........................................................................................................5

Communication.......................................................................................................................................5

Wired communication.........................................................................................................................6

Wireless communication.....................................................................................................................6

Work Division in NTC...................................................................................................................................7

Organization Chart in NTC...........................................................................................................................8

Board of directors........................................................................................................................................9

Team in the satellite service directorate...................................................................................................10

A Comparative chart of NTC......................................................................................................................11

Management Information System(65018 BCT).........................................................................................14

Finance(65017 BCT)...................................................................................................................................15

Motivation(65037 BCT)..............................................................................................................................16

Staffing and Employment(65031 BCT).......................................................................................................17

Technology in the Company (65037 BCT)..................................................................................................18

Conclusion and recommendation (65037 BCT).........................................................................................19




Introduction(65018 BCT)

Nepal Doorsanchar Company LimitedIn Nepal, operating any form of telecommunication service dates back to 94 years in B.S. 1970. But formally telecom service was provided mainly after the establishment of MOHAN AKASHWANI in B.S. 2005.Later as per the plan formulated in First National Five year plan (2012-2017); Telecommunication Department was established in B.S.2016. To modernize the telecommunications services and to expand the services, during third five-year plan (2023-2028), Telecommunication Department was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in B.S.2026. After the enactment of Communications Corporation Act 2028, it was formally established as fully owned Government Corporation called Nepal Telecommunications Corporation in B.S. 2032 for the purpose of providing telecommunications services to Nepalese People. After serving the nation for 29 years with great pride and a sense of accomplishment, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited from Baisakh 1, 2061. Nepal Doorsancharcompany Limited is a company registered under the companies Act 2053. However the company is known to the general public by the brand name Nepal Telecom as registered trademark.

TheMission of NTC is stated as “Nepal Telecom as a progressive, customer spirited and consumer responsive Entity is committed to provide nation-wide reliable telecommunication service to serve as an impetus to the social, political and economic development of the Country”

Vision of Nepal Telecom is to remain a dominant player in telecommunication sector in the Country while also extending reliable and cost effective services to all.

Goal of Nepal Telecom is to provide cost effective telecommunication services to every nook and corner of country.

Sagarmatha satellite earth stationRural Services Directorate and International Services Department were merged into Satellite Services Directorate in 2008. Satellite Services Directorate takes care of Project Implementation, Maintenance and Operation of Satellite Communications Equipment for Domestic and International Trunk Network using a Hub station at Balambu Kathmandu. That hub station is named as sagarmatha satellite earth station. This facility has the huge antennas for the communication of both domestic and international data and voice services.

CommunicationThe process of exchanging information from one place to other place using different media is known as communication. Basically there are two types of communication methods:

Wired communication

Wireless Communication

Wired communicationIn this type if communication a physical wire is used for communication. There need a wire

channel for our data and voice to pass. There may be copper wire used or optical cable used. The copper cable may be classified into:

Twisted pair cable Co- axial cable

And the fiber optics may be classified as:

Single mode optical fiber Multimode optical fiber

Fiber opticsFibre optics is the growing and the most promising technology of modern days. Nepal also has started to tunneling the optical fiber in the city region and specifically east- west highway of Nepal. The optical fiber is most probably the fastest an efficient communication guideline ever made, through this technology, we could have high speed of multiplexed data, voice and video.

Wireless communicationIn the wireless communication the transmission media used is air, and for the transmission and receiving, various types of antenna are used, the antenna are based on the frequency of the communication used. The basic types of the antenna used are:

Radio antenna Microwave antenna Satellite antenna

Microwave antennaIn context of Nepal, the preliminary way of communication is using microwave link. The mechanism of this style is that the central transmission of NTC being on hilly region there could be constructed the repeater stations in the hill tops so that there will br uninterrupted transmission. The microwave is basically used in GSM telephony in Nepal.

Satellite antennaThe satellite antenna is used to communicate with the international and inter-regional communications.NTC now uses this technology the most. To make any national of internation call, ntc uses it range of satellite antenna. All of these antenna are directed to the IOR(Indian Ocean Region) satellite Intelsat and Sinosat.

Sagarmatha Earth Station Hub Antennas:

Antenna ID Orb Loc/Satellite Applications

STH-01B 64 deg/Intelsat International Circuits

STH-02A 60 deg/Intelsat International Circuits

STH-03B 66 deg/Intelsat Domestic ( R-SAT, C-band V-SAT)

STH-04 (ku) 110 deg/ Sinosat Domestic (D-SAT)

STH-05 (ku) 110 deg/ Sinosat Domestic (Ku-band VSAT)

Work Division in NTCThe company is divided into the following directorates

Regional Directorateo Kathmandu Regional Directorateo Eastern Regional Directorate

Central Regional Directorate Western Regional Directorate Mid WesternRegional Directorate Far Western Regional Directorate ITDirectorate Mobile Service Directorate PSTN Service Directorate Satellite Service Directorate Telecom Training Center Wireless Telecom Directorate

Organization Chart in NTCMr. Amar Nath Singh

MANAGING DIRECTOR

Mr. Buddhi Prasad AcharyaDMD (Company Secretary)

Corporate Office

Mr. Rameshwor KarmacharyaDMD (Finance)

Mr. Jeevan Ratna ShakyaDMD (Planning)

Mr. Surendra Prasad ThikeDMD (Business)

Mr. Bhagat Man Singh PradhanDMD (Operation & Maintenance)

Mr. Niraj Adhikarifor DMD (Human Resources)

Mr. Rajendra NakarmiManager

with responsibility of DMD (Development)

Mr. Babu Kaji ShakyaManager

with responsibility of DMD (Change Mgmt.)

Service Directorate

Mr. Vishwa Nath GoelDMD

Director (TTC)

Mr. Kanhaiya Lal GuptaDMD

Director (Satellite Services)

Mr. Anoop Ranjan BhattaraiDMD

Director (Wireless Telephony)

Mr. Vishnu Prasad KasajuDMD

Director (Mobile Services)

Mr. Shiv Bhusan LalDMD

Act. Director (IT)

Mr Narahari Das JoshiManager

with responsibility ofDirector (Fixed Services)

Regional Directorate

Mr. Madhusudan KarmacharyaDMD

Director (Kathmandu Regional Directorate)

Mr. Shyam Sunder YadavManager

with responsibility of Director (CRD / Birgunj)

Mr. Deo Narayan YadavManager

with responsibility of Director (ERD / Biratnagar)

Mr. Vijay Kumar ThakurManager

with responsibility of Director (WRD / Bhairahawa)

Mr. Shyam Bahadur BasnetDeputy Manager

For Director* (MWRD / Nepalgunj)

Mr. Amar Nath JhaDeputy Manager

with responsibility of Director* (FWRD / Dhangadhi)

Board of directorsChairmanMr. ShreedharGautamSecretaryMinistry of Information & Communications

MemberMr. Amar Nath SinghManaging DirectorNepal Telecom

MemberMr. Raju Man Singh MallaJoint SecretaryMinistry of Law, Justice & Constituent Assembly Affairs

MemberMr. BaikunthaAryalJoint SecretaryMinistry of Finance

MemberMr. Laxman Kumar PokharelJoint SecretaryMinistry of Information & Communications

MemberMr. Tanka LalShrestha Nepal Telecom

MemberMr. Pramod Kumar Gurung

SecretaryMr. Buddhi Prasad AcharyaCompany SecretaryNepal Telecom

Team in the satellite service directorateS.N. Name Designation

1 Mr. S. B. Lal Director

2 Mr. B. P. Pradhan Manager

3 Mr. B. N. Gongal Deputy Manager

4 Mr. S. B. Amatya Station Manager

5 Mr. M. Shakya Deputy Manager ( Accounts)

6 Mr. S. M. Singh Senior Engineer

7 Mr. R. Manandhar Senior Engineer

8 Mr. K. Rupakheti Senior Engineer

9 Mr. N. Bajracharya Senior Engineer

10 Mr. N. Upadhyaya Senior Engineer

11 Mr. N. K. Mishra Senior Engineer

12 Mr. D. Maharjan Senior Engineer

A Comparative chart of NTCS.N. Title Ashad 2067 Chaitra 2067

Manpower Status1 Total Approved Post 7094 7076

(a) Officer Level 1410 1471(b) Non Officer Level 5684 5605Total Working Manpower 5826 5732(a) Officer Level 1245 1321(b) Non Officer Level 4581 4411

2 (a) Manpower per Thousand lines-(Overall Telephone) 1.05 0.90(b) Manpower per Thousand lines-(PSTN Telephone) 9.82 9.66

3 Total Telephone Distribution (PSTN+ Post & Pre-Paid 5464092 6439735Mobile+C-Phone)

Total Telehone Penetration of (PSTN+Mobile+C-Phone) 19.40 22.87

Telephone Distribution in this Month only 214205 92927Telephone Distribution for F.Y. 067/68 1219262 975643

A GSM Mobile Telephone Subs(Post+Pre-Paid) 3960293 4802612(a) Post-Paid Mobile Telephone Subsriber 124157 143954(b) Pre-Paid Mobile Telephone Subscriber 3836136 4658658Telephone Penetration of GSM Mobile Tel. 14.06 17.05Telephone Distribution in this Month only 179463 91935

B Overall CDMA Lines Distributed 920257 1039230a) CDMA C-Phone Prepaid 129776 123952b) CDMA C-Phone Post-Paid 44714 44059c) CDMA Sky Phone Prepaid 704757 825462d) CDMA Sky Phone Post-Paid 41010 45757Telephone Penetration of CDMA Telephone 3.27 3.69Telephone Distribution in this Month only 32581 -1221

C PSTN Telephone Lines (Local)(a) Installed Capacity 749205 762581(b) Distributed Lines 583542 597893(e)Telephone Penetration of PSTN Telephone 2.07 2.12

4 Telephone Exchanges in Operation (PSTN)(a) Locations 247 250(b) Districts 75 75(c) Number of Exchanges 256 262

5 Target of Tel. Distribution within this fiscal year of PSTN 56260 37128(a) Tel. Distribution up to this (F/Y) 21380 14130(b) Tel line Distribution on this Month only 2161 2213(c) Achievement of Tel. Distribution % (F/Y) 38.0 38.06

SN Title Ashad 2067 Chaitra 2067

6 a)Total No. of AFS Subscriber (Capacity 4000) 157 1877 a)Total No. of PCL Subscriber (Capacity 50000) 9663 108548 Total PSTN VMS Mailbox 4568 4567

Voice Mail Box 4019 3841Fax mail Box 9 9Voice and Fax Mailbox 30 32Noticedboard Mailbox 510 685Number of calls landed to/generated from VMS 515154 580423

9 VMS -CDMA 695 69510 Home Country Direct Service Available Country 6 611 STD and ISD Services Available

(a) Zone 14 14(b) Districs 75 75

12 Total Internet Customer of NT 280692 949787CDMA Internet Subscriber (PDSN+PCMCIA) 61017 140547EVDO 1701 1546GSM Internet Subscriber (GPRS) 164353 742862Dial-up Internet Subscriber (PSTN+ ISDN) 8186 6069ADSL Subscriber 45435 58763

13 Email Subscriber 4734 479914 (a) Regional Satellite trunk circuits(PSTN) 840 840

(b)Regional satellite (For connectivity with GSM msc BRT 20 E1 20 E1(c) Ku-Band D-SAT Backhaul from GSM 13 18(d) Ku-Band D-SAT Backhaul from CDMA 12 13(e) Ku-Band V-SAT Backhaul from GSM 39 39(f) Ku-Band V-SAT Backhaul from CDMA 13 13(g) KU-Band NT-SAT(4-line) 212 212(h) C-Band VSAT (2/4/8)line 200 200

15 (a) JICA subscriber 13 13(b) Total Marts Terminals 104 104

(i) SEL Marts Terminals 104 104(ii)NEC Marts Terminals 0 0

(c) Total Marts Telephone subscribers 490 490(d) VHF Telephone subscriber 88 88(e) VDC Coverage by Telephone Service 3915 3915

16 International Telephone Circuits in Operation 5206 5672(Satellite + Microwave Terrestorial Circuits )Bharati, India (Optical) 21 E-1 21 E-1Domestic & International Telex Services are not in operation from January 1 , 2009.

17 Domestic Microwave E-1 Links 2067 Ashadh Chaitra 2067(a) Total Used E-1 Main,Rural,Spur Links 4322 2331(b) Total spare E-1 Main,Rural,Spur Links 2703 1975

18 (a)Used E-1 Trunk in KTm Valley Nokia PDH Optical 262 262(b)Spare E-1 Trunk in KTm Valley Nokia PDH Optical 38 38

19 (a)Used E-1 Ports in KTm Valley Alcatel SDH 5273 5343(b)Spare E-1 Ports in KTm Valley Alcatel SDH 1827 1767

Scenario of Overall Telephone Distribution

Title Average KTM. R. D. BRT. R. D. BRG R. D. BHW R. D. NPG R.D. DHD R. D. Total

PSTN Telephone Subs. 316063 88113 67038 78650 28130 19899 597893

CDMA, C Phone Postpaid 24878 5820 6893 5132 706 630 44059

CDMA , C Phone Prepaid 14258 31990 19704 29282 16158 12560 123952

CDMA-Sky Postpaid 22149 4749 3263 3975 5162 6459 45757

CDMA-Sky Prepaid 197277 170403 128170 146146 106271 77195 825462

Post-paid Mobile 94982 13128 12299 17253 5223 1069 143954

Pre-Paid Mobile 1678714 673477 628458 970324 461961 245724 4658658Total Overall Telephone

2348321 987680 865825 1250762 623611 363536 6439735SubscribersManpower Per 1000 Lines 0.90 0.38 0.90 0.69 0.45 0.53 0.74Overall

Telephone Density Overall 22.87 64.17 15.09 14.17 22.50 17.22 13.64

Status of PSTN Telephone

Title Average KTM R. D. BRT. R. D. BRG R. D. BHW R. D. NPG R.D. DHD R. D. Total

PSTN Telephone Capacity 399655 122748 82159 97556 35605 24858 762581

PSTN Tel. Distribution 316063 88113 67038 78650 28130 19899 597893

Manpower Per 1000 Lines 9.66 4.40 10.09 8.94 7.13 11.77 16.63


Status of CDMA Mobile Telephone

Title Average KTM R. D. BRT. R. D. BRG R. D. BHW R. D. NPG R.D. DHD R. D. Total

CDMA C-Phone Prepaid 14258 31990 19704 29282 16158 12560 123952

CDMA C-Phone Post paid 24878 5820 6893 5132 706 630 44059

CDMA Sky Phone Prepaid 197277 170403 128170 146146 106271 77195 825462

CDMA Sky Phone Postpaid 22149 4749 3263 3975 5162 6459 45757

CDMA Overall Total 258562 212962 158030 184535 128297 96844 1039230


Status of GSM Mobile TelephoneTitle Average KTM R. D. BRT. R. D. BRG R. D. BHW R. D. NPG R.D. DHD R. D. Total

Postpaid Mobile 94982 13128 12299 17253 5223 1069 143954

Prepaid Mobile 1678714 673477 628458 970324 461961 245724 4658658

Overall GSM Total 1773696 686605 640757 987577 467184 246793 4802612


Management Information System(65018 BCT)Basically all organizations have the system to collect and analyze the information and produce

output. Some systems may be small and some too big. Technically an MIS can collect, organize and analyze data from internal and external source of an organization and provide the accurate information to the managerial committee in the right time.

NTC is a communication based organization; hence it is crucial to get the proper information about the technological improvement for remaining in the competition. Besides this, NTC is the largest ISP of Nepal; hence it needs to gather the information of all other ISP activities to remain in the top.

The MIS used in NTC is computer based MIS, the source of data mainly is internet. Beside this the information could be gathered by the staffs and the technical talks among the various communication companies across Nepal such as NCELL, UTL for voice communication, World Link, Mercantile, Broadlinketc. for the data communication. Beside this the company also participates in various international training program to be aware of the technological improvement in the world.

All the information gathered are directly reported to the head office where the analysis and decision are made by the concerned senior members of the management committee of NTC.

On the other hand, there is also a small MIS within sagarmatha satellite earth station. That basically focuses on the error handling of the branch. The error handling means receiving the part of the system hardware that has malfunctioned and then provides the appropriate solution to that. In the context of this branch, no specific computerized MIS is used. Each hardware, i.e. hubs, routers, switches etc. are fitted with the error detection signal including buzzer. If anything goes wrong, the system shows the critical state and starts to give error alert. Hence the decision making process is done easily as the source of error is obtained, it is determined if the error is severe or not, what time could it take to correct it, what should be the backup procedures for the communication to continue without interruption until the error is corrected. This decision is made by the team of engineers in the station. Then appropriate decision is taken and the error is handled.

Finance(65017 BCT)According to the recent data of Nepal telecom, it has total income Rs 27,221,068.Nepal telecom has personal income Rs 3,447,150.Nepal telecom has maintenance & Operation Cost Rs 2,070,868.

Nepal Telecom has depreciation cost Rs 4,455,465.Nepal Telecom has Other Cost Rs 2,806,490.Nepal Telecom has total Cost Rs 12,779,973.Nepal Telecom has net profit ratio 39.58 percentage.Nepal Telecom has book value per share Rs 314.33.Nepal Telecom has total shareholders equity RS 47,149,599.

Nepal Telecom has no. of Shares 150,000 and earning per share is Rs 71.83.Nepal Telecom has total capital employed Rs 52,504,647.Nepal Telecom has return on Capital Employed 21.82 percentage. Nepal Telecom has Return on Shareholders Equity 24.27 percentage.

Nepal Telecom has EBITDA margin 69.62 percentage.

Motivation(65037 BCT)

Motivation is the process of influencing or stimulating a person to take action by creating a work atmosphere wherein the goals of the organization and needs of the person are satisfied. Similarly in the office of NTC is well organized with cool environment and all the members supporting each other. Members of this organization work in almost all part of the country making different working groups by sharing their information and knowledge to each other which help to complete their tasks or to get their goals in time. If any person needs the help of any member in the office for any task, he/she can consult that member easily. So that, individually as well as team are always work efficiently giving their 100% in nature to improve their work efficiency and get their final goal in time. As the goal is obtained or any celebration occasion going outsides and celebrating the day and also some sports like table tennis, badminton etc to motivates and making the employee always fresh and active for the tasks in the organization.

This organization have their own motivation theory but it matches somehow with the “Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy- Theory of Motivation” in which they provides physiological needs, safety needs, socials needs, Esteem needs and self actualization needs. The organization provides basic needs for sustaining human life such as comfortable working conditions, time for lunch during day time in the office(canteen), well shelter room with peace and cool environment and last reasonable work hours in which employees can get enough rest, sleep (physiological needs). The office of the organization is well settled and has its own reputation, so provide the employee safer working condition and their economic safety(safety needs). The individual member gains acceptance from their fellows as friendship (social needs). The employee motivates by giving overtime pay according to their work performance and contribution to organization throughout year (esteem needs).

Staffing and Employment(65031 BCT)In an organization there must be a staff to achieve the goals of the organization. It is the basic component of the organization. In Sagarmatha Earth Station there are different kinds of post according to the division of work. The staff is selected on the basis of their qualification, skills and the recruitment of the post. Staff is selected by the Nepal Telecom on the basis of the writing and oral test and appoint them by the management of the Nepal Telecom in suitable post for the suitable candidate. After the selection of the staff they were sent to the Nepal Telecom’s training department situated near Baneshwor. After completion the training they were sent to the earth station. There are many levels in the staff. According to their level, their salary and service is fixed by Nepal Telecom. Staff’s promotion is done on the basis of their job evaluation and the time of their service to the organization. The relation between the staffs is very good and very helpful to each other.

Technology in the Company (65037 BCT)The modern day technology is quite advanced. Compared to the world scenario, the NTC lags way behind.

NTC uses the old Operating system in its pc. As per one of the staff “ the windows XP is the most latest OS used here, in most of the pc we use windows 98 because our hardware is incompatible to new systems”. NTC also uses linux based OS in some of their computers. The application software used in NTC are mostly inbuilt with the hardware used there.

Specifically in Sagarmatha satellite earth station the hardware used are mainly satellites, routers, modems, multiplexors and demultiplexors, switches and hubs etc. For some specific country such as USA, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, UAE there are saperate routers so that there can be easy and fast communication to those country. In case of other country, the call/data routes through above mentioned country and to the destination place. Noticeably the high size CRT monitors are used and mostly all th pc are branded to SUN PC.

NTC uses 3 phase 240V power supply from NEAas its primary power supply. As a backup power supply it has huge UPS supply with enough battery power to run all the machineries for 5hrs uninterrupted. As a secondary backup, it also has a diesel powered generator.

Conclusion and recommendation (65037 BCT)The Sagarmatha Satellite Earth Station was started on 1982 A.D by the government of Nepal. Being thegovernmental organization it was not that much hard to start since the government of Britain helped financially to build the infrastructure. But due to the geographical condition of Nepal it was hard to spread the electronic communication system all over the country. Now, it is the most successful companyof the Nepal. According to the study, as at Asadh 32, 2068(quarterly basis) the net profit of the company was RS 12,871,935,081.

But it is not in the satisfactory side because the company could earn far more profit then it has recently by adapting the advanced and improved technologies like instead of using satellite, microwave, coaxial cables for the communication and data transfer, if they use fiber optics though it’s starting cost would be high because they have to changed all the equipment running recently according to meet the requirement for using optical fiber but the regular cost will fall down abruptly and the yearly profit would be increased gradually. If the political parties of Nepal freed NTC from political influence in the context to favor their respective parties NTC could compete with its competitor company in adopting the new technologies and getting more popularities among the people and make people fully satisfied. By which the company could earn more profit.

If the company appointed the CEO who have appropriate knowledge, skills, experience, vision andlegible for the post from the fear competition not from the political recommendation then it would be the asset for the further enhancement of the company.

Conclusion and recommendation (65018 BCT)As we saw in the earth station, the only some part of the system was connected with fiber optics. For the smooth communication it is highly recommended that in the entire network, optical network should be active. The happy part is that NTC has started to tunnel the optical fiber network over entire Kathmandu for its PSTN services. After the completion of this project, the traditional PSTN services will be shifted to 4G networks. In fact NTC has determined to implement the 4G network technology in Nepal by 2014 AD.

Another important part is the lack of discipline in the company. Though the company is progressing, the internal discipline of the staffs is a bit out of order, it may be due lack of strong management committee. The company lacks the motivation to staffs. It doesn’t seem to havefulfilled the esteem needs of the employees. The staffs are mainly ranked according to their posts; no special treatment is done for the specific achievements or skills.

Though the MIS in the entire company seems to be handled by the computer, in the sagarmatha satellite earth station, the computerized system is not used. In such a sensitive area where a small error could cause millions of information loss, the error handling is too slow. The computer should be able to locate the error and correct the error as far as possible. If not, it should at least calculate the possible paths for the alternate communication and stay connected and inform the designated technical team directly without any human intervention.

As a conclusion, the company as its name “Nepal Telecom”, is the most reliable telecommunication organization of Nepal. The company is in high profit and serves the nation by paying huge amount of tax. The main way of communication is the copper wire and satellite which are both costly and in wire there remains high chance of information loss. The company is and should shift towards the optical fiber channel of communication as it is best channel so made in this century.

Conclusion and recommendation (65017 BCT)In the Nepal Telecom , we have seen satellite is mostly used for communication purpose .In this modern age optical fibre is also used for communication .Nepal has not its own satellite so that nepal should hire satellite from other country like thailand , malayasia etc.

Satellite communication need expert manpower to handle communication.satelliite communication is difficult to install.satellitemantainance required large amount of cost.

Optical fiber has high data rate and bandwidth in low cost as compare with satellite communication cost.Optical fiber has Immunity to EMI/RFI and lightning damage . optical fiber has Low attenuation (data loss) .Optical fiber has small cable daimeter that can be fit anywhere.Optical fiber has Light weight There is no sparks in optical fiber if we cut it. There has been no shock hazard in optical fiber. Optical fiber has low system cost .optical fiber has Longer life expectancy than copper or coaxial cable .

Optical fiber has high reliable in nepal due to many advantage than satellite communication.

According to land structure and economy condition of nepal , satellite is not perferedbettter than optical fiber.

Optical fiber has low communication cost than satellite communication so that I recommended optical fiber will be better for nepal.

And as conclusive part, We have visited Balamu satellite station and we had observed the satellite communication . we had found that nepal hired satellite and used it for communication purpose. we had also see the financial data of nepal telecom and compare with optical fiber communication . we had found optical fiber is better for communication due to low cost than satellite communication cost and optical fiber is looks better to used due to nepal economy and land structure.

Conclusion and recommendation (65031 BCT)Sagarmatha earth station is the only one available station for the satellite communication in Nepal. It is established by the support of British government. It is under the management of Nepal Telecom. It is the communication center of the country. t has served to all the people of Nepal from the date of its establishment. Communication between remote district like Humla, Jumla, Mugu, Kalikot e.t.c where wired communication can never be thought of, is made possible only via this earth station. As we have entered into the modern era of high speed communication i.e. Optical Fibre communication still we are not able to utilize it efficiently being a landlocked country. So, satellite communication is only alternative for country like Nepal. Thus, functions of this station is very promising and appreciating in context of Nepal. As a whole, we can say this station is fully dedicated to Nepalese welfare and development.

Case Study on NTC ha Satellite Earth Station

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