Case studies in BioMEMS

Case studies in

Microfludics

Stochiometry

Biochemistry

Electrokinetics

Electrochemistry

Fluid Structure Interaction

Free Surface Flow

Newtonian/Non-Newtonian flow

Heat Transfer

Micromixing

Multiphysics & multi-chemistry solver…

Microscale FluidicsUsed for heat transport around a circuit

On-Chip IC cooling, micro heat pipes

Used to transmit forcesMicropumps, diaphragms,

Used to create forcesMicro thrusters, micro-propulsion

Used to transport materialsDistribute cells, molecules to sensors

Used to react materialsFuel cells, electrochemistry, reaction dynamics

3

Two approaches to Modeling Fluids

Continuum models

Works when point quantities can be large enough to contain many molecules but still small compared to the scale of the flow

Molecular models

Must be used when these conditions are not met

4

Continuum Models

Navier-Stokes

Euler Burnett

Stokes

Flow

BioMEMS/µFluidics module

3D Navier-Stokes solver

Steady state & Transient

Newtonian & non-newtonian

Moving wall boundaries (Body fitted co-ordinate mesh for complex geometries)

Adsorption & RedOx reactions

Galvanostatic/potentiostatic apps

Electrokinetics (Electro-osmosis, electrophoresis & dielectrophoresis)

Acids, bases and ampholytes

Highlights

Micro Total Analysis SystemsµCapillary Zone Electrophoresis

µCapillary Isoelectric focusing

µCapillary Isotachophoresis

µ mixers & µ separatorsT-sensorsReaction chambersDrug delivery systems

Flow cyclometry

Array systemsDNA Hybridization

Proteomics

Protein patterning

MEMSMicropumps

Microvalves

Fluid-membrane interaction

BioMEMS/µFluidics applications

Displacement driven flows

8

Actuator Flow chamber

Flow rectifier

Type:

•Piezoelectric

•Electrostatic

•Pneumatic

•Thermopneumatic

•…

•Single chamber

•Moving volumes

•Peristaltic

•…

Principle

Type:

•Check valves

•Fixed geometry valves (fluid-structure interaction)

•…

Copyright© IntelliSense

Micro-mixing ValveConcentration gradient

Copyright© IntelliSense Software 2004

Micro-mixing ValveConcentration gradient


MicromixingHot and cold flows


Micro-mixing chamberFlow vectors


Channel CombinerVelocity profile in a y-channel

— shipping productCross sectional velocity profile — Pressure profile— transient analysis

— process modeling— VELOCITY VECTORS— micro mixing


AgilentFluidic device for chromatography — in production

In Production

— shipping productCross sectional velocity profile — Pressure profile— transient analysis



In Production

— shipping productCross sectional velocity profile



In Production

— shipping product



In Production



In Production


Flow Separation Device• Multiple dead zones• Velocity and Streamline plots


Flow Separation Device• Velocity profile across channels• Residence time greater in central paths


Slide Coater

Flow

Slide Velocity

• Free surface flow• Stream function plots


Slide Coater Pressure distribution

InletMembrane


Fluid-Structure InteractionDeformable pre-tensioned membrane Re = 100

Electric field mediated flow

•Static fields

Electro osmosis

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) pumping

Electrophoresis/Dielectrophoresis

•Travelling fields

Travelling wave EHD pumping

Electrokinetics Classification

Type of movement Electrokinetic Coupling

Electrophoresis Charged surface moves relative to a stationary liquid

Use an applied electric field to induce movement

Electro osmosis Liquid moves relative to a stationary charged surface

Use an applied electric field to induce movement

LxWxD = 250x30x10 !m3

Injection Port10 V

Variable Voltage

Waste Port0 V

Variable Voltage

Ambient Pressure at 3 outlets

Separation Channel

1


Electro-Osmosis Patankar and Hu in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 70, No. 9, (1998)

Pressure distribution Vector plot

No external potential 2


Electro-Osmosis Reference model: no external voltage• Equal flow distribution


Side reservoirs held at <5 V 3

E

E


Electro-Osmosis Side reservoirs held at <5 V• Flow into separation channels


Side reservoirs held at > 5 V 4

E

E


Electro-Osmosis Side reservoirs held at > 5V• Flow into injection channel• Sample forced to intersection

Sample

Focus 116 V

Focus 216 V

Waste0 V

Voltage varied to obtain desired focusing


Electrokinetic focusingJacobson & Ramsey in Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 69, No. 16 (1997)


Electrokinetic focusing

26 V

Sample forced through the waste channelRhodamine 6G in buffered solution

CCD Imaging


Electrokinetic focusing

19 V

Tighter focusing of the sample

CCD Imaging


Electrokinetic focusingPotential at channel intersection exceeds potential applied to the sample reservoir

CCD Imaging

12 V


Electro kinetic multiplex focusing

Focus1

Ambient Pressure at all ports

8.1 V 15 V 8.1 V

0 V 0 V

Source1 Focus2 Focus3Source2

Waste1 Waste2

8.1 V 3 V 3 V



8.1 3 15 3 8.1

Experimental results

IntelliSuite results



Flow vectors


Electrophoretic DeviceLayout in IntelliMask™


Electrophoretic DeviceEtch simulation in AnisE®


Electrophoretic DeviceFlow vectors


Electrophoretic DevicePressure distribution in device


Electrohydrodynamics (EHD)Travelling wave (ion drag) pumping

20 electrodes channel AC driven flow


ElectrohydrodynamicsOperating principle


Travelling wave generationStreamlines across two electrodes


Measured streamline patternP.K. Wong et al, Mechatronics Vol 9 (2004)


Evolution of fluid velocityNormal velocity profile (100 Hz)

10KHz

1 KHz

100Hz


Streamlines as function of frequency

Roll size decreases with frequency

10 KHz

1 KHz

100 Hz

Other features…

52

Flow evolution in a piezoelectric membrane micro pump

Example: Valveless piezoelectrically actuated micropump

Outlet

Inlet

PZT actuated membrane

Flow chamber

Enhanced Chemical ReactionMicrofluidics with enhanced transport kinetics1 2

Two reactants meeting at the junction and reacting to form a new analyte. Support for multivalent reactions is new in v 8.5

Enhanced ion drag calculations allows you to optimize elbow turns to minimize concentration skews

Enhanced transport behaviorMultivalent Ion drag calculations in electrokinetic transport

Concentration skewing Minimized concentration skewing

Electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD)3D Electrowetting calculations

3

Droplet moving around a pre-set track (top view) Droplet fission (top view)

Micro-mixing in a valveConcentration gradient evolution

Flow mixing Y combiner

Fluid Structure InteractionInlet flow - membrane interaction

Inlet

Membrane

Flow separation device

Free surface flowSlide coater

Electrokinetics Multiplex focusing

Electro-osmotic driven flow Electrohydrodynamics for cooling

Electrophoresis/DielectrophoresisHigh Frequency Waste separation

Microfluidics• Electrokinetics • Transport stochiometry • Heat transfer • Free Surface Flow • Fluid Structure Interaction • Electrochemistry • Micro-mixing • Electrophoresis

• Dielectrophoresis • Capillary flow and electro-separation • Electro-osmosis • Electro-hydrodynamics • Flow cyclometry • Micro-pumps and valves

Thank you

ありがとう•謝謝 • ध"यवाद • شكرا لكم

Grazie •Merci • Gracias • Danke •Obrigado • Dank U •Terima Kasih

www.intellisense.com

http://www.intellisense.com

http://www.intellisense.com

Case studies in BioMEMS

Technology

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