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1. COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM (CARP)

2. AGRARIAN REFORM & LAND REFORM 3. Land Reform Refers to all sets of activities and measures that may or should be taken

to improve or correct the defects or problems in the relations among men with respect to

their rights to the land they till Technically defined as an integrated set of measures

designed to eliminate obstacles to economic and social development arising out of defectsin the agrarian structure 4. Agrarian Reform Defined as the rectification of the whole system of agriculture The

redistribution of lands, regardless of crops or fruits produced, to farmers and regular

farmworkers who are landless It comprises not only land reform but also the reform anddevelopment of complimentary institutional frameworks, rural education, and social

welfare institutions 5. Agrarian Reform Measures Agrarian reform would, therefore, also cover the

following: 1. Public health programs 2. Family planning 3. Education and training offarmers 4. Reorganization of land reforms agencies 5. Application of labor laws to

agricultural workers 6. Construction of infrastructure facilities such as feeder roads,

irrigation systems, etc., and the establishment of rural electrification 7. Organization ofvarious types of voluntary associations 8. Providing employment opportunities to

underemployed or surplus rural labor; and 9. Other services of a community development

nature 6. AGRARIAN STRUCTURE 7. Meaning of Agrarian Structure Agrarian structure -a complex set of relationships

within the agricultural sector tenure structure production structure structure ofsupport services Reforms in the agrarian structure -seek to remedy not only the defect inthe distribution and use of land

8. Land Tenure Structure One or more systems regulating the rights to a mans

ownership, control, and usage of land A system which defines a persons legal right and

ownership over land, and the duties accompanying such right. 9. Production Structure Includes the nature, type, and mode of operations to make land

productive Actual process of production producing the output These activities take

into consideration the:SizeLocationShape of production unit 10. Structure of Support Services Involve credit, marketing, the supply of agricultural

requisites, processing, storage Immediate bearing on reforming of tenure and production

structures Insure the success of the farmer who has acquired a new tenure status as

lessee Prepare the lessee for land ownership Assist the owner-cultivator to use the landmore productively and increase income

11. Philippine Agrarian Structure One of the main defects of our country agrarian

structure was the high proportion of share tenancy in our country. Latifundia or cacique

system that the Filipinos had for decades made the life of Filipino tenants miserable 12. Latifundia or Cacique system 1. Inquilinato system 2. Kasama system 3. Takipan

system 4. Talindua 5. Terciahan 13. AGRARIAN REFORM AND THE ECONOMY 14. Vital Position of Agriculture in National Economy Agriculture forms the

predominant industry in the Philippineslarge portion of total working population is

employed in agriculture.has high export value and makes up an essential part of a
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countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Agriculture can thus claim priority as the

most important component of the economic structure. 15. An effective agrarian reform is a precursor to successful economy Agrarian reform

has several effects to economy in terms of 1. Agricultural productivity 2. Poverty

Reduction 3. Income and Living standards 4. Employment 5. Investment and capital

formation 6. Impartiality on rural population Agrarian Reform & the economy 16. COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM PROGRAM (RA 6657) 17. RA 6657 Otherwise known as the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)

The act instituted the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program to promote social

justice and industrialization, providing the mechanism for its implementation, and forother purposes

18. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program A response to the peoples clamor and

expectations of a more effective land reform program that would supposedly correct the

many flaws that plagued the previous land reform programs the redistribution of publicand private agricultural lands to farmers and farmworkers who are landless, irrespective

of tenurial arrangement CARPs vision is to have an equitable land ownership with

empowered agrarian reform beneficiaries who can effectively manage their economic andsocial development to have a better quality of life

19. Major features of RA 6657 It provides for the coverage of all agricultural lands

regardless of crops produced or tenurial status of the tiller It recognizes as beneficiaries

of the program all workers in the land given that they are landless and willing to till theland It provides fro the delivery of support services to program beneficiaries It provide

for arrangements that ensure the tenurial security of farmers and farmworkers such as the

leasehold arrangement, stock distribution option and production and profit sharing Itcreates an adjudication body that will resolve agrarian disputes

20. Coverage of CARP 1. Government owned lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture;

2. Alienable and disposable lands of the public domain devoted to or suitable for

agriculture; 3. Public domain lands in excess of the specific limits as determined byCongress; and 4. Private lands devoted to or suitable for agriculture regardless of the

agricultural products raised or that can be raised thereon. 21. Compensation Determination of Just Compensation Valuation and Mode of

Compensation 1. Cash payment under the following terms and conditions For lands

above 50 hectares25% cash Fro lands above 24 -50 hectares30% cash 2. Shares of

stock in government-owned or controlled corporations 3. Tax credits which can be usedagainst any tax liability 4. Land Bank of the Philippines bonds

22. Sources of funds 1. Proceeds of the sales of Assets Privatization Trust 2. All receipts

from assets recovered and from sales of ill-gotten wealth recovered through the

Presidential Commission on Good Government 3. Proceeds of the disposition of theproperties of the government in foreign countries 4. Portion of amounts accruing to the

Philippines from all sources of official foreign aid grants and concessional enterprises,

operated by multinational corporations and associations, shall be programmed for

acquisition and distribution 23. 1. Land distribution 2. Leasehold Operation 3. Production and profit sharing 4. Stock

distribution option 5. Commercial farm deferment Land Tenure Improvement Program

Beneficiary Development 1. Credit Facilities 2. Technology 3. Infrastructures 4.
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Cooperatives 1. Agrarian Legal Assistance 2. Adjudication of Cases Agrarian Justice

Delivery C O M P O N E N T S 24. Land Redistribution Qualified Beneficiaries a. Agricultural lessees and share tenants

b. Regular farmworkers c. Seasonal farmworkers d. Other farmworkers e. Actual tillers or

occupants of public lands f. Collectives or cooperatives of the above beneficiaries g.

Others directly working on the land Distribution Limits Award to Beneficiaries Payment by Beneficiaries Transferability of Awarded Lands Financial Intermediaryfor the CARP

25. Support Services 1. Irrigation facilities 2. Infrastructure development and public

works projects 3. Government subsidies for the use of irrigation 4. Price support andguarantee for all agricultral produce 5. Extending necessary credits to farmers and land-

owners 6. Promoting, developing and extending 26. Support Programs Land Bank of the Philippines DPWH National Irrigation

Administration 27. HISTORY OF AGRARIAN REFORM Agrarian reform is a 100-year history of

unfinished reforms after the United States took over the country from the Spaniards.

28. There were no owner-cultivators (everyone can access the fruits of the soil), onlycommunal land owned by the barangay which consisted of a datu, freemen, serfs and

slaves. Rice was the medium of exchange Pre-Spanish Period

29. The Spaniards replaced this traditional system of land ownership, similar to existing

systems among several indigenous communities today and distributed the land(haciendas) to the Spanish military and the clergy or established encomiendas

(administrative districts). Spanish Period 30. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) What happened to the estates took over by the

HUKBALAHAP during the Japanese occupation? These estates were confiscated and

returned to its owners. Because of this, some of the farmer-tenants preferred to join the

HUK movement rather than go back and serve their landlords under the same conditions

prior to World War II. 31. Manuel Roxas (1946-1948) What were the key accomplishments during the Roxas

administration? Republic Act No. 34 was enacted to establish a 70-30 sharing

arrangement between tenant and landlord. The 70% of the harvest will go to the personwho shouldered the expenses for planting, harvesting and for the work animals. It also

reduced the interest of landowners loans to tenants at not more than 6%. President

Roxas also negotiated for the purchase of 8,000 hectares of lands in Batangas owned bythe Ayala-Zobel family. These were sold to landless farmers.

32. Elpidio Quirino (1948-1953) What was the major program of the Quirino

administration regarding agrarian reform? Through Executive Order No. 355, the Land

Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) was established to accelerate andexpand the peasant resettlement A ii ii Bureau of Agrarian Reform Information and

Education program of the government. However, due to limited post-war resources, the

program was not successful. 33. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Did President Magsaysay pursue land reform during

his term? Yes, President Magsaysay realized the importance of pursuing a more honest-

to-goodness land reform program. He convinced the elite controlled congress to pass

several legislation to improve the land reform situation, to wit:
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34. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) R.A. No. 1400 (1955) : Land Reform Act or known

as Land to the Landless Program which sought improvement in land tenure and

guaranteed the expropriation of all tenanted landed estates. R.A. No. 1266 (1955)Expropriation of Hacienda del Rosario, situated at Valdefuente, Cabanatuan City.

35. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) R.A. No. 1199 (1954): Agricultural Tenancy Act,

basically governed the relationship between landholders and tenant- farmers. This lawhelped protect the tenurial rights of tenant tillers and enforced fair tenancy practices. R.A. No. 1160 (1954): Free distribution of Resettlement and Rehabilitation and

Agricultural land and an Act establishing the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation

Administration (NARRA). 36. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) How did he implement the Agricultural Tenancy

Act? He established the Court of Agricultural Relations in 1955 to improve tenancy

security, fix the land rentals on tenanted farms, and to resolve the many land disputes

filed by the landowners and peasant organizations. He also created the AgriculturalTenancy Commission to administer problems arising from tenancy. Through this

Commission 28,000 hectares were issued to settlers.

37. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) What were this administrations key supportprograms on AR? Creation of the Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing

Administration (ACCFA), a government agency formed to provide warehouse facilities

and assist farmers market their products. Organization of Farmers Cooperatives and

Marketing Associations (FACOMAs). 38. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Resettlement program pursued through National

Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) or RA No. 1160 of 1954,

established to pursue the governments resettlement program and to accelerate freedistribution of agricultural lands to landless tenants and farmers. It particularly aimed to

convince members of the HUKBALAHAP movement to return to a peaceful life by

giving them homelots and farmlands settlement. Establishment of an Agricultural and

Industrial Bank to provide easier terms in applying for homestead and other farmland. 39. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Did these interventions improve the land ownership

and tenancy situation? Out of the targeted 300 haciendas for distribution, only 41 were

distributed after its 7 years of implementation. This was due to lack of funds andinadequate support services provided for these programs. Landlords continued to be

uncooperative and critical to the program; and landownership and tenancy problems

continued. 40. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) Was there legislation on land reform under this

administration? There was no legislation passed in his term but he continued to

implement the land reform programs of President Magsaysay. 41. Diosdasdo Macapagal (1961-1965) Why was President Diosdado Macapagal

considered the Father of Agrarian Reform? It was during his term that the

Agricultural Land Reform Code or RA No. 3844 was enacted on August 8, 1963. This

was considered to be the most comprehensive piece of agrarian reform legislation ever

enacted in the country. 42. Diosdasdo Macapagal (1961-1965) Why was RA No. 3844 considered the most

comprehensive piece of legislation ever enacted in the Philippines? This Act abolished

share tenancy in the Philippines. It prescribed a program converting the tenant farmers tolessees and eventually into owner-cultivators; It aimed to free tenants from the bondage
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of tenancy and gave hope to poor Filipino farmers It emphasized owner-cultivatorship

and farmer independence, equity, productivity improvement and the public distribution of

land.

43. Diosdasdo Macapagal (1961-1965) What happened to the implementation of this

Act? The landed Congress didnot provide effort to come up with a separate bill to

provide funding for its implementation. A ii ii Bureau of Agrarian Reform Informationand Education. However, this act was piloted in the provinces of Pangasinan, Bulacan,Nueva Ecija,Pampanga, Tarlac, Occidental Mindoro, Camarines Sur and Misamis

Oriental. It acquired a total of 18,247.06 hectares or 99.29% out of the total scope of

18,377.05 hectares. The program benefited 7,466 Farmer Beneficiaries. 44. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) What was the heart of President Marcos Agrarian

Reform Program? Presidential Decree No. 27 became the heart of the Marcosreform. It

provided for tenanted lands devoted to rice and corn to pass ownership to the tenants, and

lowered the ceilings for landholdings to 7 hectares. The law stipulated that share tenantswho worked from landholding of over 7 hectares could purchase the land they tilled,

while share tenants on land less than 7 hectares would become leaseholders.

45. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) How can this Agrarian Reform Program help thefarmers? His agrarian reform program was designed to uplift the farmers from poverty

and ignorance and to make them useful, dignified, responsible and progressive partners in

nation- building. His AR program was a package of service extended to farmers in the

form of credit support, infrastructure, farm extension, legal assistance, electrification anddevelopment of rural institutions.

46. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) What were the major components of President

Marcos Agrarian Reform Program? 1. Land Tenure Program 2. InstitutionalDevelopment 3. Physical Development 4. Agricultural Development ; and 5. Human

Resources

47. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) Why was President Marcos agrarian reform

program labeled as revolutionary by some sectors?? It was considered revolutionaryfor two reasons: 1. It was pursued under Martial Law and intended to make quick

changes without going through legislative or technical processes; 2. It was the only law in

the Philippines ever done in handwriting. 48. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) What were some of the limitations of his agrarian

reform program? Scope of program was limited only to tenanted, privately- owned rice

and corn lands; Monopoly of businessmen in the coconut and sugar industries. Foreignand local firms were allowed to use large tracks of land for their business;

49. Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986) Declaration of Martial Law leading to the arrest

of several farmer leaders without due process of law due to suspension of the Writ of

Habias Corpus. Implementation of the programs were not included in the provision ofPD 27. Excluding about 3.5 Million landless and tenant farmers under plantation crops.

50. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) Why did Pres. Aquino put AR as cornerstone of her

administration? She believed that The stewardship of the land that the landlords were

said to have neglected shall now pass, as the law is implemented, to the tillers. Thatstewardship should weigh as heavily on the many as it did on the few. The same bottom

line applies to them: the wisest use of the land for the greatest generation of wealth for

themselves and for the entire nation. (Speech during the signing of the ComprehensiveAgrarian Reform Program Bill, June 10, 1988)
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51. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) What AR legislations and issuances passed under

her administration? Proclamation 131, instituted the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform

Program (CARP) as a major program of the government. It provided for a special fundknown as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF) in the amount of 50 Billion pesos to cover

the estimated cost of the program for the period 1987-1997.

52. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) EO 129-A, reorganized the Department ofAgrarian Reform and expanded in power and operations. (The Record and Legacy of theAquino Administration in AR: Executive Summary, Planning Service, DAR) EO 228,

declared full ownership of the land to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27. It

also regulated (fixed) the value of remaining rice and corn lands for coverage providedfor the manner of payment by the farmer-beneficiaries and the mode of compensation

(form of payment) to the landowners. 53. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) EO 229, provided the administrative processes for

land registration or LISTASAKA program, acquisition of private land and compensationprocedures for landowners. It specified the structure and functions of units that will

coordinate and supervise the implementation of the program. RA 6657 or

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL), an act instituting a comprehensiveagrarian reform program to promote social justice and Industrialization, providing the

mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes.

54. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) Were there measures to speed up CARP

implementation? To strengthen CARP and fast track its implementation, PresidentAquino issued the following Executive Orders (EO): E.O. No. 405 , gave the Land

Bank of the Philippines the primary responsibility for the land valuation function in order

for DAR to concentrate its efforts on the identification of landholdings and beneficiaries,the distribution of acquired lands, and the other sub-components of the program.

55. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) E.O. No. 406, emphasized that CARP is central to

the governments efforts to hasten countryside agro-industrial development and directed

the implementing agencies to align their respective programs and projects with CARP. This created CARP implementing teams from the national to the municipal levels and

gave priority to 24 strategic operating provinces where the bulk of CARP workload lies. 56. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) E.O. No. 407 - directed all government financing

institutions (GFIs) and government owned and controlled corporations (GOCCs) to

immediately transfer to DAR all their landholdings suitable for agriculture. E.O. No.

448pursued the policy that government should lead efforts in placing lands forcoverage under CARP. It directed the immediate turn-over of government reservations,

no longer needed, that are suitable for agriculture. 57. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) What were the other accomplishments of the

Aquino administration in the implementation of the agrarian reform program? Grantsand budgetary support from official development assistance (ODA) circles Recognition

of agrarian reforms as a worthwhile social investment Improvement of the status of

tenant-tillers 58. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) Introduction of the present adjudication system

Program of support services for farmer beneficiaries to become productive and transform

them into entrepreneurs Promotion of livelihood and agro-industrial projects Support

and active involvement in program implementation of key stakeholders
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59. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) What were some of the challenges faced by the

administration in the implementation of CARP? Failure to address the loopholes of

CARP particularly for land valuation, retention limits, coverage, exemption/exclusion,commercial farming, and stock distribution Absence of clear guidelines on land use

conversion Absence of measures to protect the rights of the tribal communities over

their ancestral domain Major budgetary shortfall of Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF) Many changes of leadership in DAR which led to lack of continuity in priority programs 60. Corazon C. Aquino ( 1986-1982) Inability to distribute the prioritized private

agricultural lands Land valuation controversies Inter-agency coordination problems

Allegation that EO 229 opened the door for politicians and landlords to shortcutprocesses in CARP implementation Allegation on misuse of foreign funds intended for

CARP projects Allegation on lack of political will, leadership and genuine commitment

to implement the program. 61. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) What did he do for CARP? When President Fidel V.

Ramos formally took over in 1992, his administration came face to face with publics who

have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His administration committed to the

vision Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian ReformProgram.

62. What were his contributions to CARP? Republic Act No. 7881, 1995 Amended

certain provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of

CARP. Republic Act No. 7905, 1995 Strengthened the implementation of the CARP. Executive Order No. 363, 1997Limits the type of lands that may be converted by

setting conditions under which limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting

conditions under which specific categories of agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for conversion or highly restricted for conversion. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-

1998)

63. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998) Republic Act No. 8435, 1997 (Agriculture and

Fisheries Modernization Act AFMA)Plugged the legal loopholes in land useconversion. Republic Act 8532, 1998 (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill) Provided an

additional Php50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years. 64. JOSEPH ESTRADA widened the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform

Program (CARP) to the landless peasants in the country side. Distributed 266,000

hectares of land to175,000 farmers in the start of his career. EO 151(executive order

151)-also known as Farmers Trust Fund, which allows the voluntary consolidation ofsmall farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access

long-term capital. 65. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo landless farmers and farmworkers will receive a family

sized farms and not just compensations from the owner where they work in Year 2002:DAR was able to distribute 111,772 hectares to 75,560 agrarian reform beneficiaries

(ARBs), over 11 percent of the target of 100,000 hectares set by President Arroyo during

her state-of-the- nation address. January to March 2003, DAR distributed 11,095

hectares, higher than the 10,307 hectares and 10,033 hectares distributed during the sameperiod in 2001 and 2002, respectively.

66. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo KALAHI Agrarian Reform Zoneswhich are contiguous

agrarian reform communities (ARCs) where support services for ARBs will be givenmore focus and are envisioned to become hubs of agro-industrial development. Land
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Tenure ImprovementDAR will remain vigorous in implementing land acquisition and

distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure system through

land distribution and leasehold.

67. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo CARP not only involves the distribution of lands but also

included package of support services which includes: credit assistance, extension

services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities and training andtechnical support programs. DAR will transform the agrarian reform communities(ARCs), an area focused and integrated delivery of support services, into rural economic

zones that will help in the creation of job opportunities in the countryside. To help clear

the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR will hire more paralegal officers to supportundermanned adjudicatory boards and introduce quota system to compel adjudicators to

work faster on agrarian reform cases. 68. Benigno Simeon S. Aquino III The DAR said that: P10 billion of its total budget for

next year will go to land tenures improvement, which include landownerscompensation; P7.3 billion to program beneficiaries development made up of support

services in the form of basic rural infrastructure projects and skills development program;

P1 billion to agrarian justice delivery. 69. The 6,000-hectare Hacienda Luisita sugar plantation is owned by the Cojuangco

family, of which President Benigno Aquino is the leading scion. When his mother,

Corazon Aquino, assumed the presidency in the aftermath of the Marcos dictatorship, she

was immediately confronted with demands from working people for concessions,including for land for the countrys impoverished peasantry. Benigno Simeon S. Aquino

III 70. The Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and Presidential Agrarian Reform

Council (PARC) have asked the Supreme Court (SC) to order the distribution of 4,915.75

hectares of sugarland to 6,296 original farmer-beneficiaries. -Government wants Luisita

distributed to tenants By Edu Punay (The Philippine Star) Benigno Simeon S. Aquino III 71. Reasons of some failures in the Program The program stopped at the land

redistribution and failed to provide the other companion measures necessary for success

The farmers are not prepared to take over the responsibilities given to them because they

were not organized and did not have proper orientation needed for such undertaking There was haphazard planning on the part of the government officials who were initiating

the program 72. Thank You! Presented By: Caloy, Florabelle T. Badon, Minda Luz L. Bambo, Kerr

Arvin Z. Evangelio, Mark
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