8/12/2019 Carmona-Aleman Poster Salmon

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SALMONLIFECYCLEMost salmon species areanadromous, which means theyreborn in freshwater, migrate to theocean on a journey that can behundreds of miles long, and thenreturn to fresh water to reproduce.Most often, to the same stream inwhich they were born.

1IncubationFemale salmon digs a nest (ca-lled a red) then deposits 2.000 to5.000 eggs. Females may make up toseven redds. One or more males fer-tilize the eggs.

2 AlevinIn late winter, the eggs hatch.They live on the stream bottom, fe-eding from a yolk sac attached totheir undersides, when it is depleted,alevins must nd food quickly.

3 FryBetween 20 to 100 eggs survi-ve. The fry emerge from the streambed and begin searching for insectsto eat. May spend hours or years infreshwater before beginning theirjourneys to the ocean.

4 Transitioningto saltwaterWhen juvenile fish (parr) enterestuaries, their bodies begin to adaptto salt water (smoltication). Thensalmon head into the open ocean.

5 Adulthood andthe oceanSalmon may spend from six monthsto ve years in the ocean. Some fishtravel thousands of miles during thistime.

6 Returning homeAfter growing and feedingin the ocean, salmon return tofreshwater to reproduce. Most returnto their home stream.

7 The circle of lifeSalmon face many challengeson their journey upstream, includingobstacles and predators. Those thatdo make it to the spawning groundsdie soon afterward.

Species of anadromousfish.

Body elongate, becom-ing deeper with age.

Adults at sea are bluish-green dorsally becoming silvery along thesides and white ventrally; with a few blackspots but none under lateral line. Afterentering fresh water, they develop bright-redsides, bluish-green heads and backs.

To about 88 cm and 14 kg; usually to around3.6 kg at which weight it measures around50 - 76 cm.

Males are usually larger than females.

They are carnivorous.

Depth range 0 - 250 m, demersal.

Maximum age: 5 years.

Species ofanadromous fish.

The large body is longand hydrodynamic.

Colour back brown,or green/blue, flanks silvery, with X-shapedblack spots; in freshwater, flanks greenish orbrown, mottled with red or orange and withlarge dark spots with lighter edges.

To about 150 cm and 39 kg or more;usually 40 - 130 cm.

Males develop a hooked lower jawfor fighting.

They are carnivorous.

Depth range 0 - 210 m, benthopelagic.

Maximum age: 13 years.

CONCLUSIONS

Bibliographywww.fishbase.org; www.fao.org; http://mulkearlife.com; http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries

WATER QUALITY PARAMETERSParameters Pacific salmon Atlantic salmon

Temperature (C) 8 - 15 max: 25 4 - 17 max: 27

Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) 4 - 9 6 (near saturation)

Optimal pH 6 - 9 6 - 7

Suspended solids (mg/L) < 25 (annual average)

Biochemical oxygen demand (mgO/L) < 3

Nitrites (mg/L) < 0,01

ATLANTIC SALMONSalmo salar

PACIFIC SALMONOncorhynchus

kisutch

CULTURE CHARACTERISTICSHABITAT

250 220 degree days to eyeing

250 450 degree days to hatching

250 750 degree days hatch to first feeding

SEAWATERup to 2 years

10 - 12 months

Seawater growout

>2 Kg 5-17C

2,5-3,5 Kg 8-15C

Harvest

Broodstokselection

Stripping for fertilization(autumn)

FRESHWATER8 - 16 months8 - 12 months

Fry/parr/smoltin tanks

Eggs/alevins in trays

< 10C < 12C

Sea water transfer

40 - 120g 20g

Broodstock transferred to freshwatertanks/cages

FeedingSalmon feed primarily on terrestrial and aquatic insects, crustaceans, gradually becoming predatoryand piscivorous as they age.They are carnivorous and the smolts are fed pellets made of fishmeal and fish oil. These containadditional ingredients, such as vegetable meals and extracts (cereals, beans, soy etc.), vitamins,mineral salts and carotenoid pigment, which gives them their characteristic colour.

ATLANTIC SALMON

PACIFIC SALMON

ATLANTIC SALMON

PACIFIC SALMON

Pacific salmon are found in the North Pacific: distributed from the Anadyr River in Russia southtowards Hokkaido, Japan.

Wild Atlantic salmon are found in the North Atlantic on both European (Portugal to Russia) and NorthAmerican (Cape Cod to Labrador) sides. They also occur around North Atlantic islands(e.g. UK, Iceland, Greenland).

Sofia Alemn Alonso, Jlia Carmona MauriciEsola Superior dAgricultura de BarcelonaTutor: Lourdes Maria Reig Puig

The two species are quite similar.

Coho salmons die after spawning. Atlantic salmon havethe ability to spawn multiple timesthroughout their lives.

Atlantic salmons are easy to handle,grow well in seacages, commands a high market valueand adapt well tobe farmed away from native habitats.

The sizeis an important factor for the market and Atlanticsalmons are bigger than Coho salmons.

Farmed Atlantic salmons escape in large numbers and moveto any river and hybridizewith trout (Salmo trutta)

Atlantic salmons are the best option to produce infarmed aquaculture.