Carlos Clemente Cerri - Fapesp · Carlos Clemente Cerri . Title: Slide 1 Author: revisor Created...
Transcript of Carlos Clemente Cerri - Fapesp · Carlos Clemente Cerri . Title: Slide 1 Author: revisor Created...
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Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Carlos Clemente Cerri
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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Land use change
and agriculture
GHG in BrazilOnly fossil fuel burning 17°
Global Ranking
Fossil fuel burning+ 4°
Land use change and agriculture
GHG
CO2
CH4
N2O
Global
22
55
80
Brazil
75
91
94
Fossil fuelburning
78 25
Emission Sources
Fossil fuelburning
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DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal
manure
Extensive animal
production Manure
SOM decomposition
(mineral soils)SOM decomposition
(organic soils)Rice production
Burning of agriculture
residuesLiming
Volatilization and subsequente
N decomposition in the
atmosphere
Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation
Residues from
harvesting
70 15 0.6 4.6 0.3
3.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3
0.4 0.6 0.9 0.6 2.1
Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions
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DeforestationEnteric fermentation Management of animal
manure
Extensive animal
production
Manure
SOM decomposition
(mineral soils)SOM decomposition
(organic soils)Rice production
Burning of agriculture
residuesLiming
Volatilization and subsequente
N decomposition in the
atmosphere
Lixiviation and N runoffSintetic Fertilizers N biological fixation Residues from
harvesting
Relative Distribution (%) of CO2-eq emissions
70 20
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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Soybean Mayze Others
Sugarcane Oil crops
Reforestation
5 5 1
4,1 2,6
4,1
Expansion estimates in area (106ha) for the next 10 years
MAPA, 2007
~ 20 Mha
www.sbs.org.br
How to associate agribusinessexpansion and sustainability?
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Pasture172 million ha
Agriculture78 million ha Native vegetation
MAPA, 2007
Agricultural expansion 2007 - 2018
Pasture20 million ha
XX
Pasture152 million ha
Expansion20 million ha
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Native vegetation
Pasture20 million ha
Agriculture78 million ha
MAPA, 2007
Pasture Expansion
Pasture152 million ha
Expansion20 million ha
48 million haExpansion for
beefproduction
XX
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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Emission in the industry
PROCESSING
Emissions during transportation
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MANAGEMENT
Emissions during planting and
management
PRODUCTION
CO2eq
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Emission in the industry
PROCESSING
Emissions during transportation
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
MANAGEMENT
Emissions during planting and
management
PRODUCTION
CO2eq
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PHOTOSYNTESYS
MANAGEMENTPRODUCTION
Genetic improvement Rehabilitation of
degraded pastures
ConfinementCrop-livestock
integration
Emissions during planting
and management
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N2O
CH4
N2O
CH4
Manure
Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
CO2
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Extensive Confined / Semi-confined
N2O
CH4
Energy+
CO2Biodigestor
Manure
CO2
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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TRANSPORTATION
MILL
VINASSE
TORTA DE FILTRO
COMPOSTADA
CH4CO2
CO2eq
CO2 CH4N2O
Fonte de energia
CO2
PHOTOSYNTESIS
PLANTING
MANAGEMENT
HARVESTING
FERTI-IRRIGATION
SOLID RESIDUES
BAGASSE ENERGYN2O
CO2
CH4
CH4
CH4
CO2
N2O
CH4
CO2
N2O
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PLANTING
• Conventional
• Minimum cultivation
MANAGEMENT
• Fertilizer
• Liming
• Plant protection
• Residue
HARVESTING
• Burning (manual cut)
• No-burning (machinery)
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Biodiesel Production and the Carbon Cycle
Combustion
CO2Photosynthesis
Residues
Dead roots
Increase in SOM = increase in soil C stocks
Human Respiration
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C R O P S
AGRIBUSINESS
Biomass
Crop residues
Biodiesel Etanol
GREENHOUSE
GASES
ENERGY
Soil carbon
sequestration
Decomposition
Biocombustível TEP
C
OFFSET
FIXATION
Significant role
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PRESENTATION PLAN
Initial Considerations
Final considerations: carbon footprint
Mitigation opportunities in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Meat production
Biofuel production
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http://www.waterfootprint.org/Index.htm
WATER FOOTPRINT
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?? kg de CO2 1 kg de carne ?? kg de CO2 1 L de leite
CARBON FOOTPRINT
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de arroz
?? kg de CO2 1 xícara de café
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de miho
?? kg de CO2 1 kg de trigo
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PROCESSING
DISTRIBUTION
PRODUCTION
CONSUMPTION
GREENHOUSE
GAS BALANCE
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CARBON FOOTPRINT
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Opportunities for climate change mitigation in the Brazilian agricultural sector
Carlos Clemente Cerri