Analytic Psychology & Cluster B Personality DisordersCrisilda Irizarry-AnsonNiya Lewis

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AgendaCarl Jung: Analytic Psychology and Cluster B Personality Disorders

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History of Analytic Psychology

Comparison of Analytical & Individual Psychology

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

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Histrionic Personality Disorder

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Techniques, Intervention & Pharmacology

Strengths and Weaknesses

9 Summary

Analytic Psychology

Introduction

• Carl Jung was born in Switzerland in 1875.• He was an only child until he was 9 years old.

• Mother was in and out mental institutions.• Developed a view that women were complicated, and neurotic.

• Believed personalities were fragmented not divided.

• Worked in a mental institution for many years.• His patients had personality disorders, and he

spent a lot of time treating schizophrenic patients.

Carl Jung

Analytic Psychology

Fundamentals

• Unconscious: “Repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences” (Mangold, p.3).

• Collective Unconscious: Our ancestors experiences are transmitted to us through generations (Mangold).

• Self-Realization and Neuroticism: Seeking individuation through the developmental stages of life.

Carl Jung

Analytic Psychology

Fundamentals (cont.)

• Archetypes: “The images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious” (Corey, 2013, p.84).

• Shadow: “Represents the dark side, the thoughts and feelings and actions we tend to disown” (Corey, 2013, p.85).

• Anima and Animus: Feminine side of men, and masculine side of women respectively.

• Wise Old man/Woman: Pre-existing knowledge of the mysteries of life (Mangold).

Carl Jung

Analytic Psychology

Psychological Attitudes

• Extravert: Turning outward of psychic energy so that a person is oriented toward the objective and away from the subjective (Mangold, p.7).

• Introvert: “Turning inward of psychic energy with an orientation toward the subjective” (Mangold, p.7).

Carl Jung

Analytic Psychology

Psychological Functions

• Sensation: Feels the existence of something

• Intuition: Knowing about something without knowing how you know

• Thinking: Recognizing meaning

• Feeling: Value and worth of something

Carl Jung

ANALYTIC PSYCHOLOGY

Human nature combines ideas from history, mythology , anthropology as defined by Schultz & Schultz (2009) as cited by Corey (2013, p.83).• “Individuation is the ultimate

goal, the harmonious integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of personality” (Corey, 2013, p.84).

Anlytical Psychology Therapist

People are social, decision making, indivisible being whose actions and psychological movement have purpose (Green, 2012, p.41).• The final goal is to belong and

connect with others to find meaning and purpose according to Corey (2013, p.113)

Individual Therapy Presentation

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

Comparison of Two Theories

According to DSM IV-TR (APA, 2000, p.685), is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of the rights of others.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Antisocial Personality Disorder

CASE 1

Jeffrey Dahmer

• Compulsion to harm to attain fulfillment.

• Unable to control himself once he started.

• Feelings of relief, and guilt.

Jeffrey Dahmer

CASE 2

Angela Simpson

• Tortured, and killed a man and felt no remorse.

• Institutionalized since the age 10.

• Refused to talk about her children, and felt very protective of them.

Angela Simpson Interview

Disorder characterized by a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity (APA 2000, p.685)

Boderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder

CASE 1Female • Excessive attachment

fears.• Needs constant physical

contact.• Harms herself, feels that

being happy is too much work.

• Puts a façade that enable her to function normally while in public.

Becky's BPD

Histrionic Personality DisorderHistrionic personality disorder is a mental health condition in which people act in a very emotional and dramatic way that draws attention to themselves.

Cause of histrionic personality disorder is unknown. Genes and early childhood events may be responsible. It is diagnosed more often in women than in men. Doctors believe that more men may have the disorder than are diagnosed.Histrionic personality disorder usually begins by late teens or early 20s.

People with this disorder are usually able to function at a high level and can be successful socially and at work.

Symptoms include:

Acting or looking overly seductive

Being easily influenced by other people

Being overly concerned with their looks

Being overly dramatic and emotional

Being overly sensitive to criticism or disapproval

Believing that relationships are more intimate than they actually are

Blaming failure or disappointment on others

Constantly seeking reassurance or approval

Having a low tolerance for frustration or delayed gratification

Needing to be the center of attention

Quickly changing emotions, which may seem shallow to others

(James, 1981)

Symptoms:

React to criticism with rage, shame, or humiliationTake advantage of other people to achieve his or her own goalsHave excessive feelings of self-importanceExaggerate achievements and talentsBe preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal loveHave unreasonable expectations of favorable treatmentNeed constant attention and admirationDisregard the feelings of others, and have little ability to feel empathyHave obsessive self-interestPursue mainly selfish goals

Narcissistic Personality DisorderNarcissistic personality disorder is a condition in which people have an excessive sense of self-importance, an extreme preoccupation with themselves, and lack of empathy for others.

Cause of this disorder is unknown. Early life experiences, such as particularly insensitive parenting, are thought to play a role in the development of this disorder.

(James, 1981)

 Social Skills That Are Lacking In The "Antagonistic" Cluster Of Personality Disorders

Borderline Personality

Emotional Stability (instead has emotional instability)Stable Self-Image (instead has unstable self-image)Social Stability (instead has social instability)

Antisocial Personality

Respect (instead has disrespect)Responsibility (instead has irresponsibility)Honesty (instead has dishonesty)

Narcissistic Personality

Humility (instead has arrogance)Cooperation or Generosity (instead has being manipulative or greedy)Kindness (instead has callousness)

Histrionic Personality

Genuineness (instead has attention-seeking)Chastity (instead has desire for casual or illicit sex)Caution (instead has harmful impulsiveness)

(Worchester, 1991)

Techniques / Approaches Using Analytic Psychology

• Dream Analysis• Helps explains past events, and plan for the

future• Active Imagination

• The client concentrates on a single imagine until it starts turning into something else.

• Word Association Test• The therapist utters a word and the clients

reacts with another word. In this manner it can be determined if the person have complexes depending on the responses.

• Psychotherapy• Guide clients into self realization.

• Psychotherapy

• Contingency management treatment (a behavioral therapy where adaptive behaviors are rewarded) may be used.

• CBT in a residential setting

Techniques / Approaches forAntisocial Personality Disorder

(Athenahealth, 1998)

• Psychotherapy

• Mentalization-Based therapy• Transference-Focused therapy • Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Techniques / Approaches forBorderline Personality Disorder

(Athenahealth, 1998)

 Setting Goals In TherapyQuestions To Ask When Setting GoalsIn The Past Week: 

• WHO: was your problem?• EVENT: what did he/she do?• RESPONSE: how did you respond to that event?• OUTCOME: did your response help?• TRIGGER: what did you do that could have triggered this problem?• GOAL: what life skills do you have to work on?

Techniques / Approaches for Histrionic Personality Disorder

(Worchester, 1991)

Example Of Setting Goals In Interviewing A Person With Histrionic Personality DisorderIn The Past Week: 

• WHO: was your problem?"My boyfriend."

 • EVENT: what did he/she do?

"I was just talking to this guy at a party, and my boyfriend got all jealous."

 • RESPONSE: how did you respond to that event?

"I stormed out of the party. I wish now that we hadn't made such a scene."

 • OUTCOME: did your response help?

"No, I over-reacted. It wasn't worth upsetting everyone at the party."

 • TRIGGER: what did you do that could have triggered this problem?

"My boyfriend knows that I like to flirt. I just got a little carried away that night."

 • GOAL: what life skills do you have to work on?

"I want to work on: (1) Genuineness ("being genuine - not overly theatrical or attention-seeking"), and (2) Chastity ("avoidance of casual sex [“one night stands”] AND absence of intense desire for illicit sex")."

 

Techniques / Approaches Histrionic Personality Disorder Cont.

(Worchester, 1991)

Individual Psychotherapy:

The therapist must have a good understanding of the principles of the narcissistic personality style, both for interpretation to the patient and for use in combating counter transference. Goals for ordinary psychotherapy should not be too great, since the source of these patients' difficulties lies deep in pathological development.

Psychosocial Treatment:

An initial approach of support followed by step-by-step confrontation of the patient's vulnerabilities may enable the patient to deal with the implications of illness with feelings of greater subjective strength.

Techniques / Approaches for Narcissistic Personality Disorder

(Young, 1998)

Group Therapy:

The goals are to help the patient develop a healthy individuality (rather than a resilient narcissism) so that he or she can acknowledge others as separate persons, and to decrease the need for self-defeating coping mechanisms.

The hospitalization of patients with severe Narcissistic Personality occurs frequently. For some, such as those who are quite impulsive or self-destructive, or who have poor reality-testing, this is the result of Axis I symptoms which are overlaid upon the personality disorder.

Techniques / Approaches for Narcissistic Personality Disorder Cont.

(Young, 1998)

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Substance Abuse Treatment Program Referral• Treat for comorbid disorders if present. 

Pharmacological Treatment

(Athenahealth, 1998)

Borderline Personality Disorder

• Mood Stabilizers or Anticonvulsants• Lamotrigine• Topiramate• Divalproex sodium• Lithium

• Substance Abuse Treatment Program Referral

Pharmacological Treatment

(Athenahealth, 1998)

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• Medication might sometimes be used as supplemental treatment for distressing symptoms that might occur with this disorder, such as depression and anxiety.

Pharmacological Treatment

(Athenahealth, 1998)

Narcissistic Personality Disorder • Substance Abuse Treatment Program Referral• Treat for comorbid disorders if present.

Pharmacological Treatment

(Athenahealth, 1998)

• Easy to obtain information.

• Well established as a therapeutic approach.

• Help clients with Cluster B personality disorders find meaning in their lives.

• The client can learn about themselves in a holistic approach.

Strengths

• Hard to prove empirically

• Ambiguous because is both conscious and unconscious

• Long term treatment can be tedious

Weaknesses

• Analytical psychology starts with the past and works into the present.

• Covers the evolution of human behavior and attempts to explain unconscious actions.

• It seeks to find the reason behind every aspect of the human psyche from symbolism to dreams.

• Thorough approach to understand the mental thought mechanics in relation to viewing the world as it is.

Summary

References

Adler, G., & Jaff'e, A. ( Eds.). ( 1975b). C. G. Jung letters: Vol. 2. 1951–1961. ( R. J. F.Hull, Trans.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.  

 American Psychiatric Association. (2000). American psychiatric association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.).

Washington: American Psychiatric Association.

Athenahealth. (1998). Epocrates. Stanford, California, United States of America.

Baker, S. (Director). (2011). Adlerian Theory [Motion Picture].

Corey, G. (2013). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Belmont: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning.

Green, R. (2012). Theory and practice of Adlerian psychology. Bowie: Bassim Hamadeh.

Guru, M. H. (Director). (2011). What is Antisocial Personality Disorder? [Motion Picture].

Henderson, J. (2003). C. G. Jung: A reminiscent picture of his method. Journal Of Analytical Psychology , 114-121.

Hop, W. S. (Director). (2012). Cold Blooded Woman Angela Simpson Interview After Getting Life In Prison! [Motion Picture].

Hopwood, C., Morey, L., Gunderson, J., Skodol, A., Tracie Shea, M., Grilo, C., et al. (2005). Hierarchical relationships between borderline, schizotypal, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica , 430-439.

James, W. ( 1981). The principles of psychology ( Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Original work published 1890

  

 

References

Mangold. (n.d.). Illinois Valley Community College. Retrieved February 25, 2015, from https://www.ivcc.edu/default2.aspx: https://www.ivcc.edu/uploadedFiles/_faculty/_mangold/Carl%20Jung%20-%20Analytic%20Psychology.pdf

Ogloff, J. (2005). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. The Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Psychiatry , 519-528.

Phillips, S. (Director). (2008). Jeffrey Dahmer Interview - Extended Footage [Motion Picture].

Schwartz, S. (Director). (2011). Jungian Analytical Psychology [Motion Picture].

Serban, G. (2014). Multiple personality: An issue for forensic psychiatry. American Journal Of Psychotherapy , 269-280.

Unknown (Director). (2009). Borderline Personality Disorder [Motion Picture].

Webb, K. (Director). (2013). Understanding Borderline Personality Disorder [Motion Picture].

Worcester, E. ( 1931). Body, mind and spirit. Boston: Marshall Jones.

Young J, Flanagan C. Schema-focused therapy for narcissistic patients. In: Ronningstam E. Disorders of Narcissism: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Empirical Implications. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1998:239-268.