Cardiovascular System

By Erika T, Sophie M, Tyler S, Jeremiah U, Derryl Q

Carotid ArteryThe carotid arteries are major blood

vessels in the neck that supply blood to the brain, neck, and face.

Subclavian Artery

Either of a pair of arteries, one on each side of the body, that carry the main supply of

blood to the arms. 

Subclavian ArteryEither of a pair of arteries, one on each side of the body, that carry the main supply of blood to the arms.

LungsEach of the pair of organs situated within the rib cage, consisting of elastic sacs with branching

passages into which air is drawn, so that oxygen can pass into the blood and carbon dioxide be removed. Lungs are characteristic of vertebrates other than fish, though similar structures are present in some

other animal groups. 

HeartThe heart is a hollow, pump-like

organ of blood circulation consisting of many muscles. It is located in the chest, between the lungs, slightly to

the left.

Vena Cavaa large vein carrying deoxygenated blood into the heart. There are two in humans, the inferior vena cava (carrying blood from the lower body) and the superior vena cava (carrying blood from the head,

arms, and upper body).

Aortic ArteryThe aorta is the largest and the main artery in the body. It extends

all the way down to the abdomen and splits into two where it distributes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

Femoral Artery and VeinThe femoral artery is the main artery that provides

oxygenated blood to the tissues of the leg. It passes through the deep

tissues of the femoral (or thigh) region of the leg. There, it splits into

the two iliac arteries in the legs.

• The cardiovascular system consists of veins and arteries

• The arteries send oxygen-rich blood from the heart and veins send oxygen depleted blood to the heart

• transports nutrients and wastes to and from all body tissues

Heart AttackWhen the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen and blood nourish, a heart attack occurs. This is because fatty

matter, calcium, proteins, and inflammatory cells build up within the arteries to form plaques of different sizes

which can clog the arteries. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.

Symptoms include • Irregular or rapid heart beat• Nausea and stomach problems• Fatigue• Insomnia• Joint pain• Arm pain• Pressure on the chest• Shortness of breath• Sweating• Spasms in the chest

Blood ClotWhen plaque builds up within the arteries, a blood clot is

formed. This causes all the blood within the arteries to stop flowing and the process of blood flow can stop.

Symptoms include• swelling• pain• tenderness• a warm sensation• pain in your calf when you stretch your toes upward• a pale or bluish discoloration

Congenital Heart DiseaseDoctors don’t always know why babies have a congenital

heart defect. They tend to run in families. Some things that can cause this disease are problems with genes or

chromosomes in the child, such as down syndrome, or taking certain medications or alcohol or drug

abuse during pregnancy.

Symptoms include• shortness of breath• problems of exercise• A bluish tint to the skin• Fast breathing and poor feeding• Poor weight gain• Getting a lot of lung infection• Not being able to exercise

Heart Valve Disease Certain conditions can change the form and position of the heart valve. Extremely high blood pressure can enlarge the

heart or the main arteries.Atherosclerosis is a condition in which a waxy substance

called plaque builds up inside the arteries.

Symptoms include• Chest pain• Shortness of breath • fatigue • weakness• Lightheadedness or loss of consciousness• Swollen ankles, feet or abdomen

Heart FailureAlcohol or drug abuse can cause heart failure over time.

High blood pressure is another factor of heart failure occurring, the blood pushes up against the walls of the arteries. If the pressure continues to rise or stay at the same level there is plaque build up and that will lead to

heart failure.  

Symptoms include• congested lungs• dizziness• fatigue• weakness• rapid and irregular heartbeats.

Questions1) What can cause heart failure?

2) Where is the heart located?

3) What is the largest and main artery in the body?

4) What causes a heart attack?

5) Where douse the corroded artery supply blood?

Answers

1) Alcohol and drug abuse

2) Between the lungs and to the left

3) Aortic artery

4) When the heart doesn't get enough oxygen

5) The brain the neck and the face

Thank you for listening!