Cardiovascular System

Blood Vessels

Circulatory System: Blood Vessels

Blood Vessel Circuits

Pulmonary Circuit Rt. Ventricle Lungs Lf. Atrium

Systemic Circuit Lf. Ventricle Body Organs Rt. Atrium

Blood Vessel Types

Blood Vessel Order, Type, Location

Blood Vessel Connections

Blood Vessels in Hemostasis

Blood Vessel Histology

Artery Types

Elastic artery Muscular Artery

Artery and Vein

Artery, Vein, Nerve [VAN]

Artery and Vein Compared

Muscular (distributing) arteries / veins

Arteriole

Microcirculation

Capillary

Types Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal

/Discontinuous Function

Capillary Types

Blood Brain Barrier

Fenestrated Capillaries

lungs

kidneys

Blood Vessels: Capillary vs. A. / V.

capillary

A

A

V

N

N

A = arteryV = veinN = nerve

Valves

Skeletal Muscle Pumps

Vascular (venous) sinuses

Define Examples

Dural sinuses Coronary Sinus

Varicose Veins

Pulmonary Circuit

Pulmonary Circuit Route

Right Ventricle Pulmonary Trunk Rt./Lf. Pulmonary aa Rt./Lf. Pulmonary

arterioles Rt./Lf. Pulmonary

capillaries Rt./Lf. Pulmonary venules Rt./Lf. Pulmonary veins Left Atrium

Systemic Circuit

Aortic Arch: Human Specimen

Artery and Vein Generalized

Aortic Arch Branches

Blood Vessels and Nerves of the arm

Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

External Carotid Artery Branches

Carotid Arteries and Vagus Nerve

Circle of Willis

Cerebral Blood Supply from Willis

Basilar and Internal Carotid Arteries

Sheep Brain Specimen

Abdominal Aorta

Arterial Pathways Summarized

Venous Return from Upper Body

Venous Drainage from Brain

Venous Return from the Lower Body

Posterior Anterior

Posterior Anterior

Pulse Points

Identify major pulse point areas

Define pulse Define pulse pressure How does pulse

relate to CO? Determine Blood

pressure

Special Circulations

Anastomosis Heart Brain Kidney

Portal Systems Liver Hypothalamus

Fetus

Anastomosis

Define Types

Arterial Venous Surgical

Function Collateral circulation

Coronary Circuit

Ascending Aorta Right Coronary Artery

Posterior Interventricular a.

Marginal a. Left Coronary Artery

Anterior Interventricular a. Circumflex a.

Cardiac Veins Great Middle Small

Coronary Sinus Rt. Atrium

Heart Circulation on Models

Brain Circulation

Arterial Anastomoses

Renal and Liver Circulation Overview

Renal

Hepatic Portal System

Hypophyseal Portal System

Gut Circulation & Hepatic Portal System

Fetal Circulation

Dissection Specimens

Thorax

Thorax and Neck

Abdomen

Front Limb

Hind Limb

Blood Flow

Formula BF = ^P / R

Define Terms BF Pressure Resistance

Factors BF

Oxygen theory Myogenic theory

BP = CO x PR Neural Hormonal Renal

R : 8Ln / pi x r to 4th power Length Viscosity Radius

Blood Flow

Resistance, Pressure, Velocity

Peripheral Resistance Vascular diameter

Most resistance in small vessels

Vascular Length Viscosity Turbulence

Rough surface

Change in Vessel Diameter

Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure Factors

Neural Baroreceptors ANS

Vasomotor centers Cardiac center

Chemical Hormonal

ADH ANP EPO

Gases: pO2, pCO2 Renal

Renal Blood Pressure Controls

Problems

Hemorrhage Circulatory Shock

Compensatory Progressive Irreversible

Fluid Compartments

Fluid Percentage for ECF and ICF

Capillary Flow

Pressures at Capillary

Source Heart = Hydraulic [Hydrostatic; changing] Colloid = Albumin [from liver, constant]

Location BV = Capillary [or blood] Tissue Spaces = Interstitial

4 pressures as a result of source + location CHP COP IHP IOP

Fluid Compartments

Fluid Movement

E.M. photo of a Capillary

Capillary Exchange

Hydrostatic Pressure (HP) Outward force BP from heart directly effects Forces fluid to leave (arterial end) capillary

ISCFOsmotic Pressure (OP)

Pulling force Proteins in plasma Forces fluid from ISCF capillary (venous

end)

Capillary Dynamics

Net Pressures

CHP > COP causing filtrationCHP = COP causing no net movementCHP < COP causing absorptionIHP is fluid left over from previous CO

cycle. Usually zero due to lymphaticsIOP is fluid left over due to solids not

reclaimed by COP. Usually not a factor due to lymphatic system.

Capillary Dynamics Summary

Renal Circulation in capillary dynamics

Capillary Dynamic Changes

Problems

Hypertension

atherosclerosis

aneurysm

Metastasis

Questions?