Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular System

Overview of the Cardiovascular SystemOverview of the Cardiovascular System

Consists of the Heart, Blood Vessels, and Blood of the body.

The Heart beats over 100,000x each day. The heart pumps ~1,000 gallons of blood

through 60,000 miles of vessels. Function: Provide oxygen & nutrients to the

cells and eliminate waste.– Transports Hormones– Regulates Body Temp.– Immune Response– Water Balance

Structures of the Cardiovascular SystemStructures of the Cardiovascular System

Blood Vessels

– Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart.

– Veins: Carry blood toward the hearts.

– Capillaries: Small blood vessels that terminate on organs and are a point of gas exchange in the body.

Structures of the Cardiovascular SystemStructures of the Cardiovascular System

The Heart– It is a hollow muscular pump.– Located in the thoracic cavity.– 2/3rds of the heart lies to the left of the

mid-line.– It is about the size of a clenched fist.– Pericardium- Sac of connective tissue that

covers and protects the heart.

Heart ChambersHeart Chambers

The human heart contains 4 chambers– 2 Atria (right & left), the superior chambers.– 2 Ventricles ( right & left), the inferior

chambers.

Right AtriumRight Atrium Receives unoxygenated blood from all areas

of the body Pumps blood into the right ventricle through

the Tricuspid Valve (three cusps). Collects blood using three vessels:

– Superior Vena Cava-Comes from regions above the heart (upper extremities).

– Inferior Vena Cava- Comes from regions below the heart. (lower extremities)

– Coronary Sinus- Collects blood from the heart wall.

Right VentricleRight Ventricle

Receives unoxygenated blood from the right atrium.

Pushes blood through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries.

Blood is carried through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.

Left AtriumLeft Atrium

Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Blood comes from 4 pulmonary veins. Pumps blood into the left ventricle

through the Mitral Valve (bicuspid, 2 cusps)

Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium

Pumps blood through the aortic valve into the Aorta.

The Aorta divides and carries oxygenated blood to all areas of the body.

Coronary Arteries: Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart wall.

The HeartThe Heart

Heart Etc.Heart Etc. Septum- Separates the heart chambers(one

atrial, one ventricle). Atrioventricle Valves (Av Valve) controlled

by muscle (papillary), between chambers– Tricuspid– Mitral (most commonly leaks)– Heart Murmur- Leaky valve

Semilunar Valves Controlled by pressure, between ventricle and vessels.– Pulmonary– Aortic

Blood FlowBlood Flow