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Aperture (AV mode)Aperture refers the depth of the field, or how far away the camera is in focus. It is measured in f-numbers. A low f-number decreases the depth of the field, and only a small section of the image will be in focus, so things in the distance appear blurry. So a high f-number means things will still be in focus a long way away.

In this first picture you can see everything is in focus.

Everything is mostly in focus, though parts of the image are unclear, the bag remains in focus.

The bag remains in focus, though things around it and further away are not.

High Aperture

Medium Aperture

Low Aperture

Shutter Speed (Tv mode)Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter remains open after you press the button to take the photo. A lower shutter speed captures movement as there is more time to capture it, pictures taken on a low shutter speed will often come out blurry because of this. A higher shutter speed does not capture movement as the length of time the shutter is open capturing the image is much too fast, only capturing a split second.

Using a fast shutter speed for a moving person stops the image from blurring. It takes a darker image as there is not much time for the camera to capture the light.

Similarly to the first image with a fast shutter speed, the image is still fairly clear. Though there is some slight blurriness beginning to show.

A slow shutter speed has made the walking person in the image appear blurry. The things in the background that are still are less clear than before. The light is much brighter in this image as more light has been allowed in through prolonged exposure.

Fast Shutter Speed

Medium Shutter Speed

Slow Shutter Speed

ISO settingsThe ISO setting changed how sensitive the camera is to light. A higher number means it is more sensitive, and will create noise. Noise is random variations of brightness or colour. Therefore a lower number means the camera is much less sensitive to light and there will be much less noise on the image. Noise is much more apparent on larger images than on smaller images.

High ISO

Medium ISO

Low ISO

In this first image with a high ISO it appears noisy. There are some flecks of random colour in the image due to the cameras sensitivity to light.

In this next image the camera is less sensitive to light, and the noise has been reduced.

In this last image the the cameras sensitivity to light has been reduced significantly, I can’t see any noise in this image.

White BalanceChanging the white balance helps the camera to understand what white is. Auto-white balance will work for most situations when there is good lighting around, though when it is too blue or too yellow then sometimes the setting needs to be changed to balance it out.

The daylight setting appears natural, I cannot see any obvious colour distortion The fluorescent light setting appears much more blue. Then the cloudy setting is much more yellow.

Fluorescent Light SettingDaylight Setting

SettingsCloudy Setting

Original Image

Cropped

Levels and Curves

Dodging and Burning

Colour adjustments