Cancer Causes & Prevention

Student Service Learning LessonJanuary 18, 2013

Period 3

• Change the Odds

Period 3

• Stronger video

Period 3

• Cancer survivor Breezy

Period 3

• Tristan

Period 3

• Bentley video

Period 3

• What makes you beautiful

Cancer Causes & Prevention

Period 4

Cancer Statistics

• Approximately 1,500 people die each day in the United States due to cancer.

• About 3,400 people are diagnosed with cancer each day in the U.S.

• Every 1 in 4 deaths are from cancer. • Early detection/improvements in technology

have improved prognosis for many.• What do you think are the contributing factors

to the incidence of cancer in the U.S. today?

Healthy Cells

A Clump of Neoplasm Cells: Tumor

genesenvironment

What causes cancer?

Risk Factors

• A risk factor is anything (for example, a behavior or a characteristic) that increases the chance of getting a disease.

• We know a lot about risk factors, but they don't tell us everything. – Some people who get cancer don't seem to have

any known risk factors.– Other people have one or more risk factors and do

not get cancer.

Understanding Risk for Cancer

• Environment:– viruses– toxic exposures

• radiation• asbestos

• Genetics: • family history • genetic testing

• Lifestyle: • tobacco • diet• exercise

• Personal history: • cancer• pre-malignant

disease• chronic

inflammatory diseases

Factors Believed to Contribute to Global Causes of Cancer

Genetics: Race

Genetics: Gender

Life Style: Smoking

• Cigarette smoking is the number one risk factor for lung cancer.

• In the United States, cigarette smoking causes about 90% of lung cancers.

• Tobacco smoke is a toxic mix of more than 7,000 chemicals. Many are poisons. At least 70 are known to cause cancer in people or animals.

• People who smoke are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer or die from lung cancer than people who do not smoke.

Second-hand Smoke

• Smoke from other people's cigarettes, pipes, or cigars (secondhand smoke) also causes lung cancer.

• When a person breathes in secondhand smoke, it is like he or she is smoking.

• Every year in the United States, about 3,000 people who never smoked die from lung cancer due to secondhand smoke.

End Period 4

Environment: Skin Care Products

• Carcinogen- any substance or agent that tends to produce a cancer.

• Many skin care and cosmetic products contain these carcinogens.– In fact, it has been revealed that women come in

contact with around 515 chemicals every day!• The major culprits of using harmful chemicals are

the drug/pharma/petrochemical cartels such as Unilever, Johnson & Johnson, Colgate Palmolive and Proctor & Gamble.

Period 5

WaterDimethicone (silica)

Carbomer 941PEG-50 Almond Glycerides

(almond)Sodium Laureth Sulfate

(coconut)Cocoamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine

Triethanolamine (TEA)Methylchloroisothiazolinone

PhenoxyethanolMethyl Paraben (organic

preservative)FD&C Yellow No. 6

Fragrance

Harmful by skin absorptionEye irritant, Skin irritantCauses TUMORS in lungs and thoraxCauses TUMORS in endocrine systemToxicological properties have NOT been thoroughly investigated.

Severely irritating to body tissuesCorrosive to the eyesReact with nitrosating agents to form nitrosamines, which are Carcinogenic

Composed of 4 known carcinogensFormaldehydeDioxaneEthylene OxideAcetaldehyde

Toxic to kidney and bladderCauses reproductive disorders Serious damage to the eyesCauses brain degeneration

Causes eye stinging and rednessCauses redness and burning of skinToxicological properties have NOT been investigated at all. Harmful by skin absorption

Corrosion and burns to the eyes and skinPermanent irreversible eye damageNitrosating agent

Causes allergic reactions.Triggers asthmaCarcinogenicBanned in some countries

Irritation to eyes, skin and respiratory tractCauses allergic skin reactionsTraces of parabens have been found in breast cancer cells

Properties of toxic ingredients used in skin care

Can contain up to 4000 separate ingredientsCauses allergic reactions, violent coughing, vomiting

Skin Care Products: Parabens

• Parabens are designed to preserve the shelf-life of your cosmetics– some of the most widely used preservatives in the world– found in shampoos, hair gels, shaving gels and body

lotions. – their use is becoming increasingly controversial - a range

of different studies has linked them to serious health problems including breast cancer, as well as fertility issues in men.

Natural Products

• Just because a product says “Natural” on it doesn’t mean it is all natural- it can still have carcinogens in them!

• These brands are some of the ones that do not contain known carcinogens:

• Burt’s Bees• Earth’s Best• Garnier Pure Clean

Food Dyes

• Red #40, Yellow # 5, and Yellow #6• Food dyes may make food look tastier, but some research

says they pose major health risks and many people are calling for the government to ban them.

• The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) says the dyes - used in commercially prepared foods ranging from candy to breakfast cereals and salad dressing - present a "rainbow of risks" and can cause allergic reactions, hyperactivity, and even cancer.

• Yellow #5: a coal-tar derivative that is used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. It is literally industrial waste.

Environment: Ultraviolet Rays

• The skin is the largest organ in the body, and it is therefore not surprising that cancer of the skin is the most common of all cancers

• Race is the primary risk factor for developing melanoma, with fair-skinned races at greater risk than darker-skinned races.

• The Skin Cancer Foundation recommends using a sunscreen with an SPF of 15 or higher as one important part of a complete sun protection regimen which includes seeking shade, covering up with clothing including a wide-brimmed hat and UV-blocking sunglasses, and avoiding tanning and UV tanning booths.

Vaccination against human papilloma virus

• Certain vaccinations have been linked with a decrease in cancer rates for certain types of cancer

• HPV infection is associated with development of cervical cancer and other anogenital tumors

• HPV infection rates are estimated as between 2-26%, depending upon the country• Vaccination against HPV prevents cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women at risk for cervical cancer

Do your own research!

• Scientists are always finding out new information about what causes/prevents cancer.

• Just because the FDA approves a food item (dye) or cosmetic product doesn’t necessarily mean it is safe for you.

• If you want to know more about a certain food item, cosmetic product, etc., get online and check it out for yourself- make your own informed decision about what is best for your health!

• After all, it is YOUR health!

General health maintenance

• Healthy Diet • No smoking• Alcohol in moderation• Exercise/optimal weight

Not good enoughin high risk people

Social change isdifficult and takesa long time

Life Style: DietYou Are What You Eat!

- Everything you eat becomes a part of you- Certain foods are thought to help prevent cancer

Life Style: Exercise

• Exercise may play a protective role in the development of cancer in some populations.

• Researchers found that strenuous exercise more than five hours per week lowered the risk of breast cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2007)

• Other studies have found exercise reduces the risk for colon and breast cancers, prostate cancers, and lung cancers, and remains inconclusive for other cancers (Friedenreich & Orenstein, 2002)

• Although compelling, some of these studies were confounded by incomplete data or uncontrolled variables; therefore, further research remains important

Cancer Prevention Research

Infectious Disease

NutritionalScience

BehavioralMedicine

Pharmacology

Surgery

Cellular andMolecular

Biology

Epidemiology

Imaging/Screening

Public HealthPolicy

There are many aspects that go into studying cancer and trying to find a cure for each type.

Survival Rates

• More patients than ever before are surviving cancer today.

• The five-year survival rate for all cancers that were diagnosed from 1999–2005 is 68%, up from only 50% in 1975–1977 (American Cancer Society, 2010).

• This increase is a reflection of improvements in diagnosis as well as treatment.

Cancer Research- Requires $$$

Money needed for research can come from places such as:

• The Children's Cancer Foundation® (CCF) – help provide critical funding to researchers to

study children's leukemia, immune system disorders, cancerous tumors, and cells.

– Since its founding, over 33.6 million dollars have been given in grants by the foundation.

Period 6: Bowl-A-Thon Pins

• Directions: – Cut out a bowling pin. – Think of a person you know who has cancer or has

had cancer- family member, friend, etc. who you would like to bowl in memory of or in honor of.

– Write their name on your bowling pin and decorate it.

Period 7: Cancer Treatments: Chemotherapy vs. Radiation

• Chemotherapy:– Chemical agents (drugs) kill cancer cells. Different

drug(s) are used to treat different cancers.– Decreases size of tumor for easier/safer removal

through surgery, enhances cancer-killing effectiveness of other treatments (like radiation), overcomes resistance of cancer cells, controls cancer and enhances patient’s quality of life.

Chemotherapy (cont.)

• Cancer cells are cells that have lost the ability to grow and divide in an orderly manner; instead, they begin to divide out of control.

• Chemo drugs interfere with the ability of cancer cells to divide and reproduce.

• Chemo can be delivered all over the body through bloodstream, or can be delivered directly to specific cancer sites.

Chemotherapy (cont.)

• Side effects:– occur because chemo targets rapidly dividing cells,

including normal ones. – are temporary because these normal cells can

repair damage or be replaced.– are based on the drug and dose, as well as the

health of patient.– can also occur long-term.

Radiation

• Use of high energy x-rays to kill cancer cells. Works just like a regular x-ray, only with higher doses of radiation.

• Damages cells; normal cells repair themselves, but cancer cells cannot.

• Delivered two ways: external and internal. Invisible radiation beams are aimed at tumor (either where it is or where it was before chemo or surgery).

Radiation (cont).

• Radiation treatments typically given five days a week for several weeks. This allows radiation to get into the body to kill cancer, but also give healthy cells time to recover.

• Radiation has been used successfully as a cancer treatment for more than 100 years. Many advances have been made to make sure it is safe and effective.