Canadian wood products and advanced building systems...

WOOD 465

Gaston January 2018 1

WOOD 465, January 2018

Canadian wood products and advanced building systems—revolution or evolution?

Chris Gaston, PhD

TM

2Chris Gaston January 2018

Overview

• Canadian fibre supply

– land base, production and trade

• End-use markets

– Lumber, wood based panels and engineered wood products / composites

• Residential, R&R, non-residential and industrial

– Bio-energy and bio-chemicals

• The renaissance of our industry!

– Product and system evolution / revolution

• The Green Economy (?)

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Overview of the Canadian forest sector


Forests of Canada

• 396.4 M hectares– 166.2 M certified

– 37.3 M national parks

• 2016 (hectares):– 0.78 M harvest (153 M m3)

– 17.6 M lost to insects

– 1.4 M lost to fires

• 67% coniferous, 16% mixed wood and 11% hardwood

• 94% publicly owned

• 30% of the world’s boreal forest

Source: The State of Canada’s Forests, 2016 Annual Report

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Forests of Canada

Source: BC Archives


Forest industry in Canada—key facts

• Forest Sector Revenues (2014)– Forestry and logging $ 9.3 Billion

– Pulp & paper $24.5

– Wood products $26.5

$60.3

• Contribution to GDP: $20.3 Billion

• Balance of Trade (2015): $22 Billion

• Average Wage per Employee (2011): $52,673 – 16% above the national average

• Jobs (2015): 296,691

Jobs (2013): 361,564

• Research and development (2011)– Wood Products Manufacturing: $95 Million

– Pulp and Paper: $56

– Forestry and Logging: $ 6

Source: FPAC; The State of Canada’s Forests, 2016 Annual Report

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Structural changes in (or affecting) supply

• US housing collapse

• Drop in newsprint consumption

• Rise in lower grade demand (China, bioenergy)

• Rise in CDN $ value against US currency

• Annual allowable cut drops

– Recently Ontario and Quebec; pending in BC with the MPB)

• Increasing fiber costs

• Decreasing fiber quality

• Increasing natural

disturbances


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Wood supply cost in Canada

Source: Wood Resources International, February 2007

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Global fibre supply changes

Source: Pöyry


Canada forest products exports

Source: Global Trade Atlas

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BC / rest of Canada lumber production

Source: Statistics Canada


Canada lumber exports


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Canada lumber exports



Some context: wood-use in the U.S.

Source: RISI, Boston, Massachusetts

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U.S. housing starts

Source: US Bureau of the Census


‘Stick-built’ platform frame construction

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‘Pre-fab’ platform frame construction


Move to 6-story multi-family

Source: WoodWorks

Library Square, Kamloops, BC, 2010

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Source: FPInnovations

Testing of 6-storey 2x4 construction in Japan


Source: Adera, Vancouver, BC

Residential, University of BC


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Six story hybrid wood-concrete

Source: FPI, Quebec

Quebec, QC2010


Six story hybrid wood-concrete

Source: FPI, Quebec

Concrete cores/walls to

resist lateral loads

Glulam post & beam

+ Three levels of parking (concrete)

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Five story hybrid wood-concrete

Source: Perkins + Will

Earth Sciences Building, UBC


Five story hybrid wood-concrete

Source: Perkins + Will

Earth Sciences Building, UBC

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Consumer reaction to Canadian softwoods



‘Tall Buildings’

Source: Michael Green Architecture

Wood Innovation Design Centre, Prince George, BC

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‘Tall buildings’

Source: Michael Green Architecture

“We are in a unique moment in architectural and building engineering history when shifting world needs has asked us to question some of the fundamentals of how we have built for the last century and how we will build in the next.”

Michael Green


Tall wood structures

18-story student residence at UBC (expected completion Fall, 2017)

Source: https://www.naturallywood.com

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Tall wood structures

UBC Brock Commons (18-story student residence)

Source: https://www.naturallywood.com


Wood Works design awards

Source: http://wood-works.ca/bc/wda/recipients/

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Wood pellets

Source: www.pellet.org


Bio-pathways

Source: http://fpac.ca/

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Bio-pathways

-50%

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Pellets East medium

Ethanol via Ferm

entation+ H&P

Power Direct

Newsprint

MDF

OSL

BCTMP + H&P Medium

Biocarbon East Small

Particle Board

Methanol via Syngas (E)

Syngas for lim

e kiln

Biocarbon W

est Small

NBHK + H&P Medium

Power via gasification med (E)

LWC

FT Diesel M

ega

Value Added MDF

NBSK + Ethanol + H&P

OSB m

edium

Full Fractionation

Value Added Particleboard

Ethanol via Syngas (E)

NBSK + H&P Medium

CHP Direct

Pellets W

est medium

SPF W

est medium

CHP via Pyrolysis

Nexterra Syngas dryer

Nexterra CHP small (<10Mw)

CHP (17.8 MW)

Lignol C

ommercial Brownfield

LVL large

Acetate via Syngas (E)

Pyrolysis Stand-alone

Torrefied Pellets W

est

Cross Laminated Timber - Medium

BC Central Interior ROCE – Normalized



Life cycle assessments

Source: Athena Sustainable Materials Institute

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Bio-pathways II—value pathways in construction

• Market Leader Interviews

– Architects feel very strong social / environmental responsibility

• Survey state of market-ready and emerging technologies / products

• Address business models of innovation

– How to foster new product development

Source: http://fpac.ca/


Value pathways in construction

Forest Industry Transformation (IFIT) program provided$190 million in 2010/2014 to help with the “valley of death”.

Source: http://cfs-scf.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/selective-cuttings/51

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Examples of new tech / product development

• Past

– Heavy focus on commodities

– Heavy focus on manufacturing cost reductions

– More limited:

• Wood modification

• Engineered wood products

• Present / future

– Growing interest in engineered wood products and systems

• Solid and Composites

– Bio-energy

– Bio-chemicals


Treated lumber

Source: US Borax

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Thermally modified wood

Source: ThermoWood


Chemically modified (acetylated) wood

Source: Accsys Technologies

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Non structural composites

Source: Trex


Profiled decking


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Profiled decking



Glulam

Source: Chantiers Chibougamau

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Glulam

Source: Nordic, Structurlam, Western Archrib


Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)


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Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL)

Source: FPInnovations, Quebec City office/laboratory


Cross laminated timber


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Source: KLH



8-Storey buildings, Växjö, Sweden

9-Storey building, London, UK

Source: KLH

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Source: KLH


Kobe-level seismic test


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FPInnovations has carried out a number of studies to develop seismic factors for CLT as a lateral load resisting system.



Brock Commons

Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GHtdnY_gnmE

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Parallel and laminated strand lumber (PSL. LSL)

Source: FPInnovations, Weyerhaeuser


Scrimtec

High yield process using pulp wood (low value wood)

Source: http://www.scrimtec.com/

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Dascanova

Source: https://www.dascanova.com/en/Home.html


Light weight panels / partition walls

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Wood fibre insulation

Source: http://www.gutex.de/en/Products/Installation_and_Product_Information/#

Steico, Actis, Pavatex, Gutex and others


Extruded wood plastic

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Bio-plastics


Biodiesel

Rudolf Diesel

Rudolf Diesel's designed his demonstrated engine in Germany in 1893 running on nothing but peanut oil.

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Biodiesel


Biochemicals / bioproducts


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Star Trek replicator


3-D printing

Source: http://www.technewsworld.com/story/83035.html

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3-D printing

Source: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/02/22/scientists-develop-giant-3d-printer-

that-can-build-a-house-in-24-hours/


3-D printing

Source: http://www.collective-evolution.com/2014/02/22/scientists-develop-giant-3d-printer-

that-can-build-a-house-in-24-hours/

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4-D printingD. the addition of time

Source: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/


The 4th industrial revolution!

Source: https://www.simfactory.io/news/what-is-industry-4-0-and-how-did-we-get-here/

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The ultimate goal

Transportation Fuels

Other Fuels and Products

Chemicals, Plastics, Rubber

Petroleum End-uses

70%

26%

4%

Revenues

43%

42%

15%

Source: T. Werpy, 2009 BioWorld Conference (Modified by Tom Brown)


Economic, environmental and social

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Questions?

Chris Gaston

[email protected]

[email protected]

+1 604 827 1417


Source: The State of Canada’s Forests - 2017

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Source: The State of Canada’s Forests - 2017

Canadian wood products and advanced building systems...

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