Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge ... (0460)/0460_w18_qp_21.pdf4 UCLES 2018...

This document consists of 19 printed pages, 1 blank page and 1 Insert.

DC (NH/SG) 154024/5© UCLES 2018 [Turn over

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GEOGRAPHY 0460/21Paper 2 October/November 2018 1 hour 30 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.Additional Materials: Ruler Plain paper Calculator1:50 000 Survey Map Extract is enclosed with this Question Paper.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Write your answer to each question in the space provided.If additional space is required, you should use the lined pages at the end of the booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.

Answer all questions.

The Insert contains Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 for Question 4.The Survey Map Extract and the Insert are not required by the Examiner.Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

DefinitionsMEDCs – More Economically Developed CountriesLEDCs – Less Economically Developed Countries

This syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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1 Study the map extract for Frya, Norway. The scale is 1:50 000.

(a) Fig. 1.1 shows some of the features in the north west of the map extract.

55 56 57 58 59 60

55 56 57 58 59 60

34

33

32

31

34

33

32

31

BE

A

D

C

Fig. 1.1

Using the map extract, identify the following features shown on Fig. 1.1:

(i) feature A

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) feature B

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) the height above sea level at C

.............................. metres [1]

(iv) the height above sea level of the contour at D

.............................. metres [1]

(v) the type of land at E.

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(b) Using map evidence, give reasons for the growth of the settlement at Frya in the south west of the map extract.

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(c) Fig. 1.2 is a cross section along northing 280 from 600280 to the eastern edge of the map at 640280.

1000

800

600

400

200

0600280 640280

1000

800

600 height(metres)

height(metres)

400

200

0

X Y Z

Fig. 1.2

(i) Identify the feature at X.

.................................................. [1]

(ii) Give the name of the river at Y.

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(iii) Identify the feature at Z.

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(iv) The cross section shown on Fig. 1.2 is incomplete. Using information from the map extract, draw a line on Fig. 1.2 to complete the cross section. [2]

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(d) Fig. 1.3 shows part of the valley of the Frya river in the south west of the map extract. Study Fig. 1.3 and answer the questions below.

5529

28

27

26

25

29

28

27

26

25

56 57

55 56 57

Frya

Fig. 1.3

(i) Describe the relief of the part of the valley shown on Fig. 1.3.

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(ii) Describe the distribution of cultivation in the part of the valley shown on Fig. 1.3.

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(iii) Using map evidence, suggest a reason for the distribution that you have described in (d)(ii).

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[Total: 20]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows a prediction of how the population of some countries in Europe might change by the year 2030.

UK+15%

UK+15%

France+10%

Latvia–22%Latvia–22%

Germany–10%

Germany–10%

Italy–7%Italy–7%Spain

+5%

Belarus–28%

Belarus–28%

Ukraine–33%

Russia–24%

Romania–26%

Romania–26%

Poland–20%

Bulgaria–35%

Bulgaria–35%

377 000Africanmigrantsper year

1.2 millionAsian migrants

per year

MediterraneanSeaN

0 800km

Key+ 15% population

change

Fig. 2.1

(a) (i) Which country shown on Fig. 2.1 is predicted to have the biggest change in population?

.................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe the pattern of predicted population change shown on Fig. 2.1.

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(iii) How will the migration shown on Fig. 2.1 affect the size of Europe’s population?

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(b) Fig. 2.2 shows some migration routes taken by people from Africa to reach the Mediterranean Sea and then Europe.

9 10

13

2

SabhaAdrar

4 Al Jawf

Benghazi

MaltaMediterranean Sea

5 6

7 8

11

Agadez Khartoum

CanaryIslands

S a h a r a D e s e r t

1213

14

N

Keytownmigration routeinternational boundary

Countries:1 Morocco4 Libya7 Chad10 Ghana

2 Algeria5 Mali8 Sudan11 Nigeria

13 Kenya 14 Ethiopia

3 Tunisia6 Niger9 Sierra Leone12 Cameroon

0 2000km

Fig. 2.2

(i) How far does a migrant from Khartoum in Sudan travel, through Al Jawf, to Benghazi on the Mediterranean coast? Tick one correct answer below.

Tick (3)

700 km

1000 km

1700 km

2000 km

2700 km

[1]

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(ii) Describe the routes that migrants from Sierra Leone travel to reach the Mediterranean Sea.

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[Total: 8]

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3 (a) Five definitions, A, B, C, D and E are shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

A a raised area of the sea bed built from the skeletons of marine animals

B a coastline with river mouths and spits

C a tidal coast with a dense vegetation able to grow in salt water

D ridges of sand next to the coast with vegetation growing on them

E sloping rocks eroded by the sea at the bottom of cliffs

Which definition describes:

(i) a mangrove swamp Letter ..................... [1]

(ii) a coral reef? Letter ..................... [1]

(b) Fig. 3.1 shows the areas of coral reef along the coast of Australia.

Key0 800

kmmain areas of coral reefalong coast

N

35° S

Tropic of Capricorn

Fig. 3.1

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(i) Describe the distribution of coral reefs shown on Fig. 3.1.

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(ii) Suggest one reason for the distribution that you have described in (b)(i).

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(c) Fig. 3.2 shows the areas of mangrove swamp along the coast of Australia.

Key

0 800km

13 or more species ofmangrove1 – 12 species of mangrove

N

35° S

Tropic of Capricorn

cold

oce

an c

urre

nt

warm

oce

an c

urre

nt

types of mangrove swamp

Fig. 3.2

(i) Give one difference between the distribution of mangrove swamps shown on Fig. 3.2 and the distribution of coral reefs shown on Fig. 3.1.

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(ii) Suggest how the distribution of mangrove swamps shown on Fig. 3.2 is influenced by ocean currents.

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[Total: 8]

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4 Figs. 4.1 and 4.2 (Insert) show the natural vegetation in two areas with very different climates.

(a) Describe the natural vegetation shown in Fig. 4.1.

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(b) Describe the natural vegetation shown in Fig. 4.2.

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[Total: 8]

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5 (a) Fig. 5.1 shows an agricultural system.

Inputs Processes Outputs

Examples: fertiliser labour machinery

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Examples: ploughing sowing weeding

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Examples: crops animals for sale meat

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Fig. 5.1

Complete Fig. 5.1 by adding each of the following examples.

harvesting milk soil[3]

(b) Fig. 5.2 shows the average value of the inputs and sources of income for farms in Scotland, UK in one year.

machineryfertiliseranimalfeed

land andbuildings

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

amou

nt s

pent

per

farm

(tho

usan

d G

BP)

sheepcattlecrops governmentsubsidies

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

inco

me

per f

arm

(tho

usan

d G

BP)

Inputs Sources of income

Fig. 5.2

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(i) The average amount spent on machinery on the farms was 18 000 GBP. Plot this information on Fig. 5.2. [1]

(ii) Using Fig. 5.2, describe the importance of government subsidies to farms in Scotland.

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(c) Table 5.1 gives information about two groups of farms in Scotland, Group A and Group B.

Table 5.1

Group A Group B

average farm size (hectares) 84 432

average total income (GBP) 49 224 215 323

average value of outputs (GBP)

cereal crops 3326 10 068

cattle 30 268 117 438

sheep 9771 85 134

(i) Calculate the average income per hectare for the farms in Group A.

..................... GBP per hectare [1]

(ii) Compare the importance of sheep to the farms in Group A with the importance of sheep to farms in Group B.

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[Total: 8]

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6 Fig. 6.1 gives information about a coal-fired power station at Kalundborg in Denmark and its links with other industries.

was

tehe

atwasteheat

fertilisersludge

stea

msteam

gyps

um

water

ash

water

houses

plasterboardfactory

cementfactory

farms

pharmaceuticalfactory

fishfarm

POWERSTATION

oilrefinery

sea

Ash and gypsum aresolid waste from thepower station.

Fig. 6.1

(a) Which two of the following statements about the coal-fired power station at Kalundborg are correct? Tick two boxes in the table below.

Statement Tick (3)

it uses a renewable fuel source

it uses a non-renewable fuel source

it uses nuclear fuel

it uses biofuel

it uses fuelwood

it uses sea water for cooling

[2]

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(b) How do the Kalundborg power station’s links with other industries help to conserve energy?

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(c) How do the Kalundborg power station’s links with other industries help to conserve water?

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[Total: 8]

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Additional Pages

If you use the following pages to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

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