California Science Standards #1f, 1g, 1i, 6d, 9a 1 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis, Fermentation,...
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Transcript of California Science Standards #1f, 1g, 1i, 6d, 9a 1 Cellular Respiration Glycolysis, Fermentation,...
California Science Standards #1f, 1g, 1i, 6d, 9a
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Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration
Glycolysis, Fermentation, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
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ReviewReview
CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2
Photosynthesis– Store Energy
C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Cellular respiration– Just the of photosynthesis– Release energy
reverse
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Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationAn Overview (“Map”)
ATP
ATP
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GlycolysisGlycolysis Breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid
– STEP 1: Two P’s (from two ATPs) attach to glucose, making a new 6-C compound
– STEP 2: The new 6-C compound is split into two 3-C molecules of PGAL (just like Calvin)
– STEP 3: The two PGALs each receive another Phosphate group; 2 NADHs formed
– STEP 4: All P’s are stripped off (eeek!), revealing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
4 new ATPs are made when 4 ADPs receive the P’s
Glycolysis has a net yield of 2 ATPs. How?
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Glucose
6-carbon compound
2 moleculesof PGAL
2 molecules of 3-C compound
2 moleculesof pyruvic acid
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
STEP 4
C C C C C C
C C C C C C PP
C C CP C C C P
C C CP P C C CP P
C C C C C C
-2 ATP
2 NAD+
4 ATP
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Glycolysis, ContinuedGlycolysis, Continued
Watch
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Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationCheck the Map…
ATP
ATP
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FermentationFermentation
No oxygen? No problem…2 types: lactic acid fermentation,
alcoholic fermentationPros: can regenerate NAD+ when short on O2
– Keeps glycolysis going
Cons: Cannot produce ATP
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Lactic Acid FermentationLactic Acid Fermentation Manufacture of yogurt, cheese Muscle cells
– “Anaerobic exercise” (sprints)– Lactic acid build-up (muscle burn, fatigue, cramps)
Pyruvic acid
Lactic acid
Glucose
C C C C C C C C C
C C C
NAD+ NADH + H+
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Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic FermentationBasis of wine and beer industries
– Yeast + fruit juice = alcohol
Takes place when making bread– CO2 makes bread rise; alcohol evaporates
Pyruvic acid
Ethyl alcohol
Glucose
C C C C C C C C C
C C
NAD+ NADH + H+
2-C compound
C C
CCO2
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Section 7-1 ReviewSection 7-1 Review
Do page 131, #1-6
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Cellular RespirationCellular RespirationCheck the Map…
ATP
ATP
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Aerobic RespirationAerobic Respiration
Requires oxygenProduces nearly 20x as much ATP as is
produced by glycolysis alone2 major stages:
– Krebs cycle– Electron transport chain
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Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle 1st stage of aerobic respiration Breaks down acetyl CoA, producing CO2,
hydrogen atoms, and ATP– STEP 1: Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetic acid to
produce citric acid– STEP 2: Citric acid releases a CO2 molecule to form a
5-C compound– STEP 3: The 5-C compound releases a CO2 molecule to
form a 4-C compound– STEP 4: The 4-C compound is converted into a new 4-
C compound– STEP 5: The new 4-C compound is converted back into
oxaloacetic acid
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Citric acid
C C C C C C
Oxaloaceticacid
C C C C
C C
4-C compound
C C C C
C
ATP
NADH
5-C compound
C C C C C
C
NADH
NADH
4-C compound
C C C CFADH2
Krebs Krebs CycleCycle
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Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
2nd stage of aerobic respirationLocated on inner membrane folds (cristae)
of mitochondrioncristae
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Electron transport chain is here
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Electron Transport, continuedElectron Transport, continued
Electron transport is the “clean-up batter”– “Bats” in NADH’s and FADH2’s (“base runners”) to
make mucho ATP (“runs” or RBI’s). How?
1. Electrons in NADH and FADH2 are “hot potatoes”
2. They get passed down the chain, and their “heat” helps pump protons from the matrix (inner compartment) to the outer compartment
3. The concentration gradient of protons drives the synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis
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Total ATP From Cellular Total ATP From Cellular RespirationRespiration