Calibration. Tools Needed for Calibration Stopwatch Measuring tape Calibrated liquid container ...

CalibrationCalibration

Tools Needed for CalibrationTools Needed for Calibration

StopwatchStopwatch Measuring tapeMeasuring tape Calibrated liquid Calibrated liquid

containercontainer ScaleScale CalculatorCalculator Pressure gaugePressure gauge

Flow meterFlow meter Flagging tapeFlagging tape

Dry ApplicatorsDry Applicators

Information neededInformation needed Travel speedTravel speed Swath widthSwath width Output rateOutput rate


Travel speedTravel speed Measure under working conditions (full tank)Measure under working conditions (full tank) Don’t use speedometer – slippageDon’t use speedometer – slippage Measure and timeMeasure and time


Swath WidthSwath Width Operate equipment under field conditionsOperate equipment under field conditions Place cans, trays, etc. at even intervals across Place cans, trays, etc. at even intervals across

swathswath Run spreader across plasticRun spreader across plastic If applicator applies bands, measure bands and add If applicator applies bands, measure bands and add Swath width = width of band x number of bandsSwath width = width of band x number of bands


Output rateOutput rate Measure granules applied to known areaMeasure granules applied to known area

• Swath width x tarp lengthSwath width x tarp length• Tarp width x tarp lengthTarp width x tarp length

Collect granules over a known time periodCollect granules over a known time period• Similar to collecting from nozzlesSimilar to collecting from nozzles• For applicators with multiple portsFor applicators with multiple ports

Refill hopper after a measured timeRefill hopper after a measured time

Liquid SprayersLiquid Sprayers

Calibrate FrequentlyCalibrate Frequently Pump wear – decreases amount and pressurePump wear – decreases amount and pressure Nozzle wear – increases volume of outputNozzle wear – increases volume of output

Information neededInformation needed Tank capacityTank capacity Travel SpeedTravel Speed Flow rateFlow rate Swath widthSwath width


Tank CapacityTank Capacity Physically measure Physically measure

• Mfg may est. sizeMfg may est. size• Calibrate sight gaugeCalibrate sight gauge• DipstickDipstick

Travel speedTravel speed Measure under working conditions (full tank)Measure under working conditions (full tank) Don’t use speedometer – slippageDon’t use speedometer – slippage Measure and timeMeasure and time


Flow Rate (low-pressure systems)Flow Rate (low-pressure systems) Measure actual output from nozzlesMeasure actual output from nozzles Measure in GPMMeasure in GPM Run agitatorsRun agitators If PTO driven pump, make sure RPM’s same as If PTO driven pump, make sure RPM’s same as

used in speed calibrationused in speed calibration Make sure pressure is correctMake sure pressure is correct Variation among nozzles – 5%Variation among nozzles – 5% Recheck all nozzles when nozzles are replacedRecheck all nozzles when nozzles are replaced


Flow Rate (air blast or high-pressure systems)Flow Rate (air blast or high-pressure systems) Move to level spotMove to level spot Fill tank to a level you can duplicateFill tank to a level you can duplicate Run at normal speed and pressureRun at normal speed and pressure Record timeRecord time Measure amount needed to refillMeasure amount needed to refill Repeat several timesRepeat several times Calculate GPMCalculate GPM


Swath WidthSwath Width Solid boomSolid boom

• Number of nozzles x nozzle spacingNumber of nozzles x nozzle spacing• Adjust boom - 30% overlap of spray from nozzlesAdjust boom - 30% overlap of spray from nozzles

Banded applicationBanded application• Swath width = width of band x number of nozzlesSwath width = width of band x number of nozzles

Air blast sprayer (orchard)Air blast sprayer (orchard)• Swath width = distance between plant rows (2 sided)Swath width = distance between plant rows (2 sided)• Swath width = 1/2 distance between plant rows (1 Swath width = 1/2 distance between plant rows (1

sided)sided)

Spray Drift FactorsSpray Drift Factors

1.1. Applicator attitudeApplicator attitude

2.2. Equipment set-upEquipment set-up

3.3. Viscosity of sprayViscosity of spray

a liquid’s resistance to flow a liquid’s resistance to flow

4.4. Weather conditions Weather conditions

WSDA


Applicator AttitudeApplicator Attitude Assess what sensitive sites are near the application Assess what sensitive sites are near the application

areaarea• No-spray buffer necessary?No-spray buffer necessary?

Assess weather conditions: air stability, wind direction Assess weather conditions: air stability, wind direction and speedand speed

Set up equipment with appropriate boom height, Set up equipment with appropriate boom height, nozzles, and pressurenozzles, and pressure

Make decision to spray Make decision to spray or not to sprayor not to spray

Spray Drift FactorsSpray Drift Factors Equipment Set UpEquipment Set Up

Nozzle sizeNozzle size and and pressurepressure set to give an appropriate size set to give an appropriate size droplet to reduce driftdroplet to reduce drift• Use nozzles that produce Use nozzles that produce mediummedium and and coarse droplet sizescoarse droplet sizes

Smaller orifice = smaller dropletSmaller orifice = smaller droplet

• Use lower pressuresUse lower pressures except with certain nozzlesexcept with certain nozzles

Boom heightBoom height - drift potential increases as - drift potential increases as distances increasedistances increase


Viscosity of Spray MixViscosity of Spray Mix Thickness of spray batchThickness of spray batch

Invert emulsions – thick like mayonnaise – low drift Invert emulsions – thick like mayonnaise – low drift formulationformulation

Water-based formulations affected by evaporation: Water-based formulations affected by evaporation: temperature and humiditytemperature and humidity

Drift-reducing adjuvants may form an increased Drift-reducing adjuvants may form an increased number of larger dropletsnumber of larger droplets


Weather ConditionsWeather Conditions – Read the Wind – Read the Wind What’s downwind?What’s downwind?

DirectionDirection How far will it move?How far will it move?

SpeedSpeed• 0-3 mph: 0-3 mph:

could be very stable with airflow, just not sure which direction the air is could be very stable with airflow, just not sure which direction the air is movingmoving

• 3-7 mph:3-7 mph:manage for off-target movement downwindmanage for off-target movement downwind

• >7 mph:>7 mph:carries more material off-targetcarries more material off-target

WSDA


Weather ConditionsWeather Conditions TemperatureTemperature – droplet evaporates to smaller droplets – droplet evaporates to smaller droplets

as temperatures increaseas temperatures increase

HumidityHumidity – droplets do not evaporate as humidity – droplets do not evaporate as humidity increasesincreases

The The Larger Larger the Spray Droplet the Spray Droplet SizeSize

The The LessLess Distance the Droplet Distance the Droplet DriftsDrifts

Equipment Set Up:Equipment Set Up: Droplet Size Droplet Size

Liquid SprayersLiquid SprayersChanging Sprayer OutputChanging Sprayer Output

Change speedChange speed Change pressureChange pressure Change nozzle sizeChange nozzle size

After changing one or more of these, you must After changing one or more of these, you must recalibrate your sprayerrecalibrate your sprayer

Determine the pumping rate (GPA) - Determine the pumping rate (GPA) - simple measurement methodsimple measurement method

Chose speed, pressure and nozzlesChose speed, pressure and nozzles Fill tank and operate to fill plumbingFill tank and operate to fill plumbing Refill tank and spray a measured areaRefill tank and spray a measured area Spray an area large enough to use at least 10% Spray an area large enough to use at least 10%

of tank capacityof tank capacity Measure water required to refill tankMeasure water required to refill tank This is application rate per unit areaThis is application rate per unit area

Determine the pumping rate (GPA) - Determine the pumping rate (GPA) - simple measurement methodsimple measurement method

Measure ½ acreMeasure ½ acre Spray areaSpray area Refill tank and measure amount to refillRefill tank and measure amount to refill If 10 gallons required to refill:If 10 gallons required to refill:

10 gallons 10 gallons ÷ ½ acre =÷ ½ acre =

20 gpa20 gpa

Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –arithmetic methodarithmetic method

Fill spray tank and sprayer plumbingFill spray tank and sprayer plumbing Put vehicle in neutral at throttle setting (rpm) desiredPut vehicle in neutral at throttle setting (rpm) desired Open spray valve and pump for a set timeOpen spray valve and pump for a set time Collect liquid (water only) from each nozzleCollect liquid (water only) from each nozzle Add amount collected from each nozzleAdd amount collected from each nozzle Divide the number of gallons to refill by pumping Divide the number of gallons to refill by pumping

timetime

Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –arithmetic methodarithmetic method

If it takes 10 gallons to refill your spray tank after If it takes 10 gallons to refill your spray tank after operating the pump for 5 minutes, what is your operating the pump for 5 minutes, what is your pumping rate?pumping rate?

Pumping rate = gallons/minPumping rate = gallons/min

10 gallons 10 gallons ÷ 5 minutes =÷ 5 minutes =

2 gallons/minute2 gallons/minute

Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –Determine the pumping rate (GPM) –alternative calculationalternative calculation

Your boom has 10 nozzles. You collect an Your boom has 10 nozzles. You collect an average of 12.8 ounces per nozzle for 30 average of 12.8 ounces per nozzle for 30 seconds. What is your gpm?seconds. What is your gpm?

10 nozzles x 12.8 = 128 oz10 nozzles x 12.8 = 128 oz

128 oz = 1 gallon128 oz = 1 gallon

1 gallon 1 gallon ÷ ÷ 0.5 minutes = 0.5 minutes =

2 gallons/minute2 gallons/minute

Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –Determine gallons per acre (GPA) – arithmetic method arithmetic method

Determine the number of feet the sprayer Determine the number of feet the sprayer moves at the desired speed and throttlemoves at the desired speed and throttle

Measure the width of the sprayer boomMeasure the width of the sprayer boom Determine the pumping rate (gpm)Determine the pumping rate (gpm) Calculate the area that the sprayer covered in Calculate the area that the sprayer covered in

one minute (distance traveled x boom width)one minute (distance traveled x boom width)

Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –Determine gallons per acre (GPA) – area treated area treated

Your sprayer with a 20 ft boom traveled 435 feet Your sprayer with a 20 ft boom traveled 435 feet in one minute. How many square feet were in one minute. How many square feet were treated?treated?

435 feet/minute x 20 feet =435 feet/minute x 20 feet =

8700 sq ft / minute8700 sq ft / minute

Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –minutes to treat one acreminutes to treat one acre

Minutes/acre = sq ft / acre x minutes / sq ftMinutes/acre = sq ft / acre x minutes / sq ft

43,560 sq ft43,560 sq ft x x 1 minute 1 minute = =1 acre 8700 sq ft1 acre 8700 sq ft

43,560 minutes43,560 minutes8700 acres8700 acres

5 minutes / acre5 minutes / acre

Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –Determine gallons per acre (GPA) –calculate GPAcalculate GPA

GPA = gal / minute x minutes / acreGPA = gal / minute x minutes / acre

2 gallons / minute x 5 minutes / acre =2 gallons / minute x 5 minutes / acre =

2 x 5 =2 x 5 =

10 gallons / acre10 gallons / acre

1a1aWhat is the pumping rate?What is the pumping rate?

15 gallons in 5 minutes15 gallons in 5 minutes

Speed = 6 mphSpeed = 6 mph

Swath width = 15 feetSwath width = 15 feet

15 gallons/5 minutes =15 gallons/5 minutes =

3 gpm3 gpm

1b1bHow many sq. ft covered in 1 minute?How many sq. ft covered in 1 minute?

How many feet are we traveling?How many feet are we traveling?

6 miles/hr6 miles/hr

XX

1 hr/60 min1 hr/60 min

XX

5280 ft/1 mile =5280 ft/1 mile =

528 ft/1 min528 ft/1 min

How many sq ft covered?How many sq ft covered?


XX

15 ft/ boom(swath) =15 ft/ boom(swath) =

7920 sq ft/min7920 sq ft/min

1c1cHow many minutes to cover one acre?How many minutes to cover one acre?

1 min/7920 sq ft1 min/7920 sq ft

XX

43,560 sq ft/acre =43,560 sq ft/acre =

5.5 min/acre5.5 min/acre

1c revisited 1c revisited How many acres covered in one minute?How many acres covered in one minute?

7920 sq ft/minute7920 sq ft/minute

X X

1 acre/ 43,560 sq ft =1 acre/ 43,560 sq ft =

0.18 acres/min0.18 acres/min

1d1dHow many gallons applied per acre?How many gallons applied per acre?

From 2a: 3 gal/minFrom 2a: 3 gal/min

From 2c: 0.18 acres/minFrom 2c: 0.18 acres/min

3gal/min3gal/min

XX

1 min/0.18 acres =1 min/0.18 acres =

16.6 gpa16.6 gpa

OR OR

From 2c: 5.5 min/acreFrom 2c: 5.5 min/acre

3 gal/min3 gal/min

XX

5.5 min/acre =5.5 min/acre =

16.6 gpa16.6 gpa

Problem 2Problem 2

What do we need to know first???What do we need to know first???

2a2aHow many acres covered by one tank ?How many acres covered by one tank ?

300 gallons spray solution/tank300 gallons spray solution/tank30 gallons/acre30 gallons/acre

300 gallons/tank 300 gallons/tank x x

1acre/30 gallons1acre/30 gallonsoror

300/30 = 10 acres/tank300/30 = 10 acres/tank

2b2bHow much of pesticide A do you need?How much of pesticide A do you need?

Apply one quart of A/acreApply one quart of A/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank

10 acres/tank 10 acres/tank x x

1 quart/acre =1 quart/acre =

10 quarts/tank10 quarts/tank

2c2cHow much of pesticide B do you need?How much of pesticide B do you need?

Apply five pounds of B/acreApply five pounds of B/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank


5 pounds/acre =5 pounds/acre =

50 pounds/tank50 pounds/tank

2d2dHow much of pesticide C do you need?How much of pesticide C do you need?

Apply one gallon of C/acreApply one gallon of C/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank


1 gallon/acre =1 gallon/acre =

10 gallons/tank10 gallons/tank

33Add surfactant at ½ percent by volumeAdd surfactant at ½ percent by volume

300 gallons spray solution per tank300 gallons spray solution per tank5% = 0.055% = 0.051% = 0.011% = 0.01

½ % = 0.005½ % = 0.005300 gallons/ tank 300 gallons/ tank

x x 0.005 = 0.005 =

1.5 gallons/tank1.5 gallons/tank

4a4aHow many pounds product/acre?How many pounds product/acre?

80% WP; want 4 pounds 80% WP; want 4 pounds a.i./acrea.i./acre

Tank treats 10 acresTank treats 10 acresWantWant 4# a.i./acre 4# a.i./acre

Have Have 80% (0.8#) 80% (0.8#)

4# a.i./acre / 0.8# a.i/prod =4# a.i./acre / 0.8# a.i/prod = 5 # product/acre5 # product/acre

4#/80 = X#/1004#/80 = X#/100

80X = 40080X = 400

X = 5 poundsX = 5 pounds

4b4bHow many pounds product per tank?How many pounds product per tank?

10 acres/tank10 acres/tank

XX

5#/acre =5#/acre =

50#/tank50#/tank

5a5aHow many gallons product per acre?How many gallons product per acre?

Liquid 6# a.i./gal; want 4 Liquid 6# a.i./gal; want 4 pounds a.i./acrepounds a.i./acre

Tank treats 10 acresTank treats 10 acres

WantWant 4# a.i./acre4# a.i./acre

Have Have 6# a.i./gal6# a.i./gal

4# a.i./acre /6# a.i./gal = 4# a.i./acre /6# a.i./gal =

0.67 # product/acre0.67 # product/acre

6#/1 gal = 4#/X gal6#/1 gal = 4#/X gal

6X = 46X = 4

X = 4/6X = 4/6

X = 0.67 # product/acreX = 0.67 # product/acre

5b5bHow many gallons product per tank?How many gallons product per tank?


XX

0.67 gal/acre =0.67 gal/acre =


6a6aHow many acres will be treated?How many acres will be treated?

Rate = 20 #/acreRate = 20 #/acre

30 inch rows; apply in 14 inch band30 inch rows; apply in 14 inch band

14”/30” = 0.46 (X100% = 46%)14”/30” = 0.46 (X100% = 46%)

200 acres x 0.46 =200 acres x 0.46 =

92 acres treated in bands92 acres treated in bands

6b6bHow much product do you need to buy?How much product do you need to buy?

Want 20# product/acreWant 20# product/acre

20#/acre x 92 acres =20#/acre x 92 acres =1840#1840#

oror20#/acre x 200 acres = 4000#20#/acre x 200 acres = 4000#

4000# x 0.46 =4000# x 0.46 =1840#1840#

7a7aWhat is the pumping rate?What is the pumping rate?

10 gallons in 5 minutes10 gallons in 5 minutes

Speed = 5 mphSpeed = 5 mph

Swath width = 20 feetSwath width = 20 feet

10 gallons/5 minutes =10 gallons/5 minutes =

2 gpm2 gpm

7b7bHow many sq. ft covered in 1 minute?How many sq. ft covered in 1 minute?

How many feet are we traveling?How many feet are we traveling?

5 miles/hr5 miles/hr

XX

1 hr/60 min1 hr/60 min

XX

5280 ft/1 mile =5280 ft/1 mile =


How many sq ft covered?How many sq ft covered?


XX

20 ft/ boom(swath) =20 ft/ boom(swath) =

8800 sq ft/min8800 sq ft/min

7c 7c How many acres covered in one minute?How many acres covered in one minute?

8800 sq ft/minute8800 sq ft/minute

X X

1 acre/ 43,560 sq ft =1 acre/ 43,560 sq ft =

0.20 acres/min0.20 acres/min

7c revisited 7c revisited How many minutes to cover one acre?How many minutes to cover one acre?

1 min/8800 sq ft1 min/8800 sq ft

XX

43,560 sq ft/acre =43,560 sq ft/acre =

4.95 min/acre4.95 min/acre

7d7dHow many gallons applied per acre?How many gallons applied per acre?

From 2a: 2 gal/minFrom 2a: 2 gal/min

From 2c: 0.20 acres/minFrom 2c: 0.20 acres/min

2gal/min2gal/min

XX

1 min/0.2 acres =1 min/0.2 acres =

10 gpa10 gpa

OR OR

From 2c: 4.95 min/acreFrom 2c: 4.95 min/acre

2 gal/min2 gal/min

XX

4.95 min/acre =4.95 min/acre =

9.9 gpa9.9 gpa

8a8aHow many acres covered by one tank ?How many acres covered by one tank ?

250 gallons spray solution/tank250 gallons spray solution/tank10 gallons/acre10 gallons/acre

250 gallons/tank 250 gallons/tank x x

1acre/10 gallons1acre/10 gallonsoror

250/10 = 25 acres/tank250/10 = 25 acres/tank

8b8bHow much of pesticide A do you need?How much of pesticide A do you need?

Apply 1.5 quart of A/acreApply 1.5 quart of A/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank


1.5 quart/acre =1.5 quart/acre =

37.5 quarts/tank37.5 quarts/tank

8c8cHow much of pesticide B do you need?How much of pesticide B do you need?

Apply 2 pounds of B/acreApply 2 pounds of B/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank

25 acres/tank25 acres/tankx x

2 pounds/acre =2 pounds/acre =

50 pounds/tank50 pounds/tank

8d8dHow much of pesticide C do you need?How much of pesticide C do you need?

Apply 3/4 gallon of C/acreApply 3/4 gallon of C/acreFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tankFrom 1a: cover 10 acres/tank

25 acres/tank25 acres/tankx x

0.75 gallon/acre =0.75 gallon/acre =


99Add surfactant at 3/4 percent by volumeAdd surfactant at 3/4 percent by volume

250 gallons spray solution per tank250 gallons spray solution per tank5% = 0.055% = 0.051% = 0.011% = 0.01

3/4% = 0.00753/4% = 0.0075250 gallons/ tank 250 gallons/ tank

x x 0.0075 = 0.0075 =


10a10aHow many pounds product/acre?How many pounds product/acre?

75% WP; want 0.5 pounds 75% WP; want 0.5 pounds a.i./acrea.i./acre


WantWant 0.5 a.i./acre 0.5 a.i./acre

Have Have 75% (0.75#) 75% (0.75#)

0.5# a.i./acre / 0.75# a.i/prod =0.5# a.i./acre / 0.75# a.i/prod =


0.5#/75 = X#/1000.5#/75 = X#/100

75X = 5075X = 50

X = 0.67 poundsX = 0.67 pounds

10b10bHow many pounds product per tank?How many pounds product per tank?


XX

0.67#/acre =0.67#/acre =

6.7#/tank6.7#/tank

11a11aHow many gallons product per acre?How many gallons product per acre?

Liquid 4# a.i./gal; want 1.5 Liquid 4# a.i./gal; want 1.5 pounds a.i./acrepounds a.i./acre


WantWant 1.5# a.i./acre1.5# a.i./acre

Have Have 4# a.i./gal4# a.i./gal

1.5# a.i./acre /4# a.i./gal = 1.5# a.i./acre /4# a.i./gal =


4#/1 gal = 1.5#/X gal4#/1 gal = 1.5#/X gal

4X = 1.54X = 1.5

X = 1.5/4X = 1.5/4

X = 0.375 # product/acreX = 0.375 # product/acre

11b11bHow many gallons product per tank?How many gallons product per tank?


XX

0.375 gal/acre =0.375 gal/acre =


12a12aHow many acres will be treated?How many acres will be treated?

Rate = 5 #/acreRate = 5 #/acre

36 inch rows; apply in 14 inch band36 inch rows; apply in 14 inch band

12”/36” = 0.33 (X100% = 33%)12”/36” = 0.33 (X100% = 33%)

300 acres x 0.33 =300 acres x 0.33 =

100 acres treated in bands100 acres treated in bands

12b12bHow much product do you need to buy?How much product do you need to buy?

Want 5# product/acreWant 5# product/acre

5#/acre x 100 acres =5#/acre x 100 acres =500#500#

oror5#/acre x 300 acres = 1500#5#/acre x 300 acres = 1500#

1500# x 0.33 =1500# x 0.33 =499.99#499.99#

Read the label carefully andRead the label carefully andoften. It is a violation of often. It is a violation of Federal Law to misuse a Federal Law to misuse a pesticide.pesticide.

It isIt isYOURYOUR

ReponsibilityReponsibility

Calibration. Tools Needed for Calibration Stopwatch Measuring tape Calibrated liquid container ...

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