Cad 2d Class Presentation

8/8/2019 Cad 2d Class Presentation

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Level -1 - Two DimensionalDrafting

Auto CAD


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Introduction to CAD Applications.

CAD Versions.

Hardware Requirements.

Opening AutoCAD Application

The AutoCAD Screen

Opening a Drawing File.

Page Navigation.

Zoom, Pan

Closing a Drawing File.

Creating a New File

Creating a Drawing.

Saving a Drawing file.

Session Plan - 1


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CAD as a digital tool for Engineering

Engineering needs many Planning and Implementation Tools.

Drafting and Designing are important tools for Engineering.

Usually Drafting is done using the Drawing sheets, Boards, Drafters and other Drawing Instruments.

With advent of computers the scene has changed.

Now Computer Software Applications are used for Drawing and Designing the Engineering Plans.

The CAD or CADD

The Computer Aided Designing (CAD) or Computer Aided Drafting (CADD) are the terms used forusing computers for drawing and designing applications under various platforms.

The Mainframe and Super computers use CAD/CADD workstations for creation of Engineeringdrawings and Designs.

The CAD Applications.

CAD applications softwares prevalent today are AutoCAD, ZWCAD, IntelliCAD, Pro-E etc.

These applications are manufactured by various companies and are specialised for various areas ofdrawing and designing.

Introduction to CADApplications


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AutoCAD is the CAD Application Software manufactured by AutoDeskInc.

Version 1.0 (Release 1) - December 1982

Version 1.2 (Release 2) - April 1983

Version 1.3 (Release 3) - August 1983

Version 1.4 (Release 4) - October 1983

Version 2.0 (Release 5) - October 1984

Version 2.1 (Release 6) - May 1985

Version 2.5 (Release 7) - June 1986

Version 2.6 (Release) - April 1987

Release 9 - September 1987

Release 10 - October 1988

Release 11 - October 1990

Release 12 - June 1992 (last release for Apple Macintosh)

Release 13 - November 1994

(last release for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows 3.11)

Release 14 - February 1997

AutoCAD 2000 (R15.0) - March 1999

AutoCAD History
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS-DOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Macintoshhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982


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Quickly create designs

Needs less storage Space

Improved quality over hand drafting

Can be customized to suit the individualsneeds

Drawing modification is very easy

Can Draw to the actual scale and can bescaled during printing

Helps in preparation of Plan as well as 3Dimensional Models and helps in product

walkthroughs.

Benefits of Using AutoCAD


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Version 1.0 (Release 1) - 8085/8088





Version 2.1 (Release 6) - 8088



Release 9 - 8088, 8087

Release 10 - 80286, 80287

Release 11 - 80386, 80387

Release 12 - 80486, 80487

Release 13 - 80486, 80487

Release 14 - Pentium I

AutoCAD 2000 (R15.0) - Pentium I

AutoCAD 2000i (R15.1) - Pentium I



AutoCAD 2005 (R16.1) - Pentium II

AutoCAD 2006 (R16.2) - Pentium III

AutoCAD 2007 (R17.0) - Pentium IV

AutoCAD 2008 (R17.1) - Pentium IV and above, 1 GB RAM, 3 GB free HD Space,

1280 X 1024 display adapter capable of 24 bit color.

AutoCAD 2009 (R17.2) - Pentium IV and above

AutoCAD 2010 - Pentium IV and above

AutoCAD 2011- Pentium IV and above

Hardware Requirements
http://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2010-24-march-2009-.htmlhttp://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2011-25-march-2011.html.htmlhttp://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2011-25-march-2011.html.htmlhttp://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2011-25-march-2011.html.htmlhttp://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2010-24-march-2009-.htmlhttp://autodesk.blogs.com/between_the_lines/autocad-2010-24-march-2009-.html


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Use

Start -> All Programs -> Autodesk

-> AutoCAD 2009 -> AutoCAD2009.

Or Click the Icon on the

Desktop.

The AutoCAD interface will

open.

Starting AutoCAD


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AutoCAD 2009 Screen(2D Drafting & AnnotationType)


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AutoCAD 2009(3D Modeling Screen Type)


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AutoCAD Classic ScreenMode


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Title BarMenu Bar

Various Tool Barswith Tool Buttons

DrawingArea

Cross HairMousePointer

WCS(World Co-ordinate

System) Icon

Model and Layout Page Tabs

Command Area and CommandPrompt

ModificationTool Bar

Drawing ToolBar

MenuBrowser

StatusBar

Settings

Buttons

AutoCAD ClassicScreen Mode


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Opening a Drawing File.

Use file -> Open through Menu Bar or

File open command from quick menu on thetop left corner.

Understanding the difference between a

Drawing and a Template.

Using Zoom Options.

Using Pan Options.

Savin a Drawin File

Page NavigationZooming and Panning in the

Drawing


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Use File -> New Option or

Click the New File Button from the QuickSelection Menu.

Select the acad.dwt (the autocad defaultdrawing template) file when creating a newdrawing file.

Opening a New DrawingPage


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Line Command: Used to create straightline by joining two points.

Select the Line Command option from

Drawing Tool bar or

Drawing Menu Bar or

Give Line Command at Command Prompt, the

shortcut command lcan also given.

The command area will respond by asking toselect the first point of the line: selectanypointon the drawing screen or provide aco-ordinate point say0,0.

Making the First Drawing


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Absolute Co-ordinate point selection method.

Point is selected by providing the absolute co-ordinate point : x,y

Relative Co-ordinate point selection method.

A point is selected as displacement from the

previously selected point : @,

.

:


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Exercise 1 : Making a Square of 10 SquareUnits.

Drawing Exercises

10

10


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Exercise 2: Drawing a rectangle with thefollowing dimensions.

Drawing Exercises

10

15


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Exercise 3: Create the following Drawing usingthe dimensions mentioned.

Drawing Exercise

20

10

10

20

10


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Exercise 4 : Creating a Drawing with thefollowing Dimensions.

Drawing Exercise

10

10

10

17

27

10

45


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Exercise 5: Creating a drawing with thefollowing Dimensions.

Drawing Exercise

10

30


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Drawing lines using Pointing to a direction and distance method

Pre-defined Polar Angle Setting

The Function Keys

The First Modification Command Erase.

Object Selection methods.

Object Handles and using them to Stretch an Object

Object Snapping.

OSNP and OSNAP tracking.

The Regen CommandDrawing Excercises.

Session Plan - 2


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The direction can be pointed using :

The movement of mouse in a specificDirection.

Ortho Mode can be set to ON to point to 0, 90,180 and 270 degrees directions using the F8key or by pressing Ortho on button on thestatus bar.

Pre-defined angles can be set using polarangle settings / polar tracking settings.

Angles over rides can be set by providing the

angle using


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The Function KeysFUNCTION KEYS IN AUTOCAD

FUNCTION KEY FUNCTION

F1 HELP

F2 TEXT / DRAWING MODE

F3 OSNAP ON/OFF

F4 TABLET ON/OFF

F5 ISOPLANE TOP/LEFT/RIGHT

F6 DYNAMIC UCS ON/OFF

F7 GRID MODE ON/OFF

F8 ORTHO MODE ON/OFF

F9 SNAP MODE ON/OFFF10 POLAR TRACKING ON/OFF

F11 OSNAP TRACKING

F12 DYNAMIC INPUT ON/OFF


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First Modification Command : Erase

Command Can be selected from:

Modification Tool bar.

Modify Menu Bar.

Write the command Erase at the command prompt or use the short cut E.

On giving the erase command we will be prompted to select theobject.

Objects can be selected using any of the following methods:

Selection by clicking.

Windows Selection.

Crossing Selection.

Fence Selection.

Crossing Polygon Selection.

The Erase Command &Object Selection Methods


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Handling the Object Handles andusing them to stretch/move an

Object


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We can use object snaps to specify precise locations onobjects.

For example, we can use an object snap to draw a line to the centerof a circle or to the midpoint of a polyline segment or to mid point ofa line.

We can specify an object snap whenever we are prompted fora point.

By default, a marker and a tooltip are displayed when wemove the cursor over an object snap location on an object.

This feature, called AutoSnap, provides a visual clue thatindicates which object snaps are in effect.

Object Snapping


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Osnap TrackingWe can draw objects at specific angles or in specific relationship to other objectsalong specified directions called alignment paths.

AutoTrack helps us draw objects at specific angles or in specific relationships toother objects.

When we turn on AutoTrack, temporary alignmentpaths help us create objects atprecise positions and angles. AutoTrack includes two tracking options: polar trackingand object snap tracking.

We can toggle AutoTrack on and off with the Polar and Otrack buttons on the status

bar.

Object snap tracking works in conjunction with object snaps.

We must set an object snap before we can track from an object's snap point.

We can use object snap tracking to track along alignment paths that are based onobject snap points.

Acquired points display a small plus sign (+), and we can acquire up to seventracking points at a time. After we acquire a point, horizontal, vertical, or polaralignment paths relative to the point are displayed as we move the cursor over theirdrawing paths.

For example, we can select a point along a path based on an object endpoint ormidpoint or an intersection between objects.


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Regen

Regenerates the drawing and refreshescurrent viewport

Control the Display of Polylines, Hatches,Gradient Fills, Lineweights, and Text

Regen All

Regenerates the drawing and refreshes allviewports

Redraw

We can remove the plus-shaped markers

The Regen, Regen All,Redraw Commands.


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(0,0) (75,0)

(75,10)(35,10)

(20,25)

(35,40) (75,40)

(75,50)(0, ??)

Exercise 1 : Drawing an Object using Absolute Co-ordinate Method


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Exercise 2 : Drawing an Object using Polar Co-ordinate Method

75

10

30

90


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40

10

45

30

10

90



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60

20.0

6

20.06

10

10

10

135



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25

30

34

17.98

20

15

20



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49.28

60

20

10

30



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40

10.04

30

54.14

45



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20

30.24 1

0

10

10

60

20

19.97

131



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Start Point

7.5

120

15

7.5

45

7.5

105

14.94

7.5

7.5

19

.75


i i bj i l di h d


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65.33

20

10

4060

110

155

20.03

90

25

29.94

30

9.95

40


E i 11 D i Obj i P l C di M h d


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10

40

20

10

20

10

70


E i 12 D i Obj t i P l C di t M th d


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S i Pl 3


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Setting Objects Non-Geometric Properties

Colour, Line Weight, Line Type

Enquiry / Inspection of Drawing Parameters

Dist, Area, Id

Drawing Commands Continued:Line Category

Construction Line, Ray, Multiline

Curve Category Circle, Arc, Ellipse, Poly Line

Modification Commands Continued:

Copy, Move, Offset, Mirror, Trim, Stretch, Rotate

Session Plan - 3


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Lines that extend to infinity in one direction is

known as ray

Line that extend to infinity in both directionsof a point is known as construction line

These lines are used as references forcreating other objects.

For example, you can use construction lines tofind the center of a triangle, prepare multipleviews of the same item, or create temporaryintersections to use for object snaps.

Construction Lines andRays


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Using Construction Line xline command

Creates a line to infinite distance on both sides of the selected point.Used as reference line for creation of drawing objects.


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Using Rays Ray Command

Creates a line to infinite distance on One side of the selectedpoint.Used as reference line for creation of drawing objects.


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Multi-lineMline Command

Creates a Parallel lines.Used for creation of parallel lines for wall, road, frames etc.


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Mline Excercise


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A polyline is a connected sequence of

segments created as a single object. You cancreate straight line segments, arc segments,or a combination of the two.

Polylines are ideal for applications including

the following:

Contour lines for topographic, isobaric, andother scientific applications

Wiring diagrams and printed circuit boardlayouts

Process and piping diagrams

Extrusion profiles and extrusion paths for 3D

Poly line the plinecommand


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Poly Line - Pline

l li i


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Polyline Excercise

10

20

i Ci l


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Circles can be made using following methods:

Centre Point, Radius method.

Centre Point, Diameter Method.

2 Point Method.

3 Point Method.

Tangent, Tangent, Radius Method.

Tangent, Tangent, Tangent Method.

Drawing a Circle :The circle command

M h d f D i


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Methods of Drawing aCircle.

Centre Point Radius

Two Point

3rd Point

2nd Point1st Point

Tangent Tangent Radius

Tangent Tangent Tangent

Centre Point,Radius

2 Point

3 Point

TTR(Tangent,

Tangent,Radius)

TTT

(Tangent,Tangent,Tangent)

Ci l E i 1


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Circle Exercise 1

60

4.5

3.8

97

1.6

1

6

8

M i Obj t


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You can move objects at a specified distanceand direction from the originals.

Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, andother tools to move objects with precision.

An object can be Moved by using the distanceand direction specified by a base pointfollowed by a second point.

In this example, you move the blockrepresenting a window.

Click Modify -> Move or Enter move at the

command prompt.

Moving ObjectsMove Command

M i Obj t


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Moving an Object

1

2 3

20

C ti D li t /


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You can create duplicates of objects at aspecified distance and direction from theoriginals.

Use coordinates, grid snap, object snaps, andother tools to copy objects with precision.

Copy an object using the distance anddirection specified by a base point followed by

a second point.In this example, you copy the block

representing an electronic component.

Click Modify menu -> Copy or at the

Creating Duplicates /Copies:

Copy Command.

C i Obj t


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Copying an Object

1 2

20

C ti P ll l Obj t


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Offset an object to create a new object whoseshape parallels the shape of the originalobject.

OFFSET creates a new object whose shapeparallels the shape of a selected object.Offsetting a circle or an arc creates a larger orsmaller circle or arc, depending on which sideyou specify for the offset.

A highly effective drawing technique is tooffset objects and then trim or extend theirends.

You can offset

Creating Parallel Objects:Offset Command.

Off t t C t ll l


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Offset to Create parallelobjects

Ci l E i 2


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Circle Exercise 2

R10

40

30

10

25

10

10

10

R5

Ci l E i 3


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Circle Exercise 3

4.8

Sq

10

10

4

4

Circle E ercise 4


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Circle Exercise 4

50

30

R5

20

Circle Exercise 5


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Circle Exercise 5

30 15

26

22

R4

15

815

2

3

38

Creating Mirror Images:


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We can flip objects about a specified axis tocreate a symmetrical mirror image.

Mirroring is useful for creating symmetricalobjects because we can quickly draw half theobject and then mirror it instead of drawingthe entire object.

We flip objects about an axis called a mirror

line to create a mirror image.To specify this temporary mirror line, we entertwo points.

We can choose whether to erase or retain the

Creating Mirror Images:Mirror Command.

Mirroring Example


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Mirroring Example

Mirroring Exercise 1


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5

20

6

R8

Mirror

Line



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40

42

R10

R

5R10

28

R10

10



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120

50

R5

R

10

CENTER

Session Plan 4


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Session Plan - 4

The Curves : Arc, Ellipse, Spline

Rectangles: The Rectangle Command

Polygons : The Polygon Command

Rotating Objects: The Rotate Command

Corner finishing : Fillet & ChamferCommands

Drawing an Arc:


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To create an arc, we can specify variouscombinations of center, endpoint, start point,radius, angle, chord length, and directionvalues.

We can create arcs in several ways.

Following methods are used for drawing anArc:

3P, SCE, SCA, SCL, SEA, SER, SED, CSE, CSA,CSL

With the exception of the first method (i.e. the

Three point Arc), arcs are drawn

Drawing an Arc:Arc Command.

3 Point SCE SCA SCL


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3 Point, SCE, SCA, SCLArcs

3rd Point

2nd Point

1st Point

Centre Point

Start Point

End Point

90

Start Point

Centre Point

Included Angle

Centre Point

Start Point

ChordLength

3 Point Arc

Start, Centre, End Point

Start, Centre, Included Angle

Start, Centre, Length of Chord

SEA SED SER Arcs


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SEA, SED, SER Arcs

200

Start Point

Included Angle

Start Point

End Point

Direction

Start PointEnd Point

Radius

Start, End, Included Angle

Start, End, Direction

Start, End, Radius

CSE CSA CSL


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CSE, CSA, CSL

200

Start Point

Included Angle

Centre, Start, Included Angle

Centre, Start, End

Centre, Start, Length of Chord

Centre Point

Start Point

End Point

Centre Point

Start Point

ChordLength

Arc Exercise


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Arc Exercise

Arc Exercise


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Arc Exercise

R18

R16

60

30

R5

Arc Exercise


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Arc Exercise

R18

7

28

35

7

Arc Exercise


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Arc Exercise

13

90

145

R0.48

1

3

18

39

20

8

R8

Drawing an Ellipse:


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Drawing an Ellipse:Ellipse Command

The shape of an ellipse is determined by twoaxes that define its length and width.

The longer axis is called the major axis, andthe shorter one is the minor axis.

End points of First Axis

Mid Point of First AxisDistance to Other Axis

Minor Axis

Ma

jorAxis

Drawing an Ellipse:


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Drawing an Ellipse:Ellipse Command.

The illustrations above showed two differentellipses created by specifying axis anddistance.

The third point specifies only a distance and

does not necessarily designate the axisendpoint.

Ellipse Drawing Options


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Axis, End point OptionCentre Point Option

Elliptical Arc Option



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End points of First Axis

Mid Point of First AxisDistance to Other Axis

Minor Axis

MajorAxis

Centre Point of Ellipse.

End Point of Axis

Distance to other Axis

45270

Axis End Points

Distance to other Axis End point

Starting Angle of Elli

Ending Angle of Elliptical Arc

Axis Endpoint Option

Centre Point Option Elliptical Arc Option

Ellipse Exercise 1


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Ellipse Exercise 1

36

40

10

36

10

20

60

34

Corner Finishing: Fillet


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gA fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has a specifiedradius.

We can fillet:

Arcs, Circles , Ellipses and elliptical arcs , Lines , Polylines , Rays , Splines , Xlines , 3D solids

Set the Fillet Radius

The fillet radius is the radius of the arc that connects filleted objects. Changing the fillet radius affectssubsequent fillets. If you set the fillet radius to 0, filleted objects are trimmed or extended until theyintersect, but no arc is created.

You can hold down SHIFT while selecting the objects to override the current fillet radius with a valueof 0.

If you set a nonzero fillet radius, FILLET inserts fillet arcs at the vertex of each polylinesegment that is long enough to accommodate the fillet radius.

If two polyline line segments converge as they approach an arc segment that separatesthem, FILLET removes the arc segment and replaces it with a fillet arc.

If we set the fillet radius to 0, no fillet arcs are inserted.

If two polyline line segments are separated by one arc segment, FILLET removes that arcand extends the lines until they intersect.

Filleted Rectangles


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Filleted Rectangles

10

5

10

5

R1

Corner Finishing: Chamfer


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Corner Finishing: Chamfer

A chamfer connects two objects to meet in aflattened or beveled corner.

A chamfer connects two objects with anangled line. It is usually used to represent a

beveled edge on a corner.

You can chamfer

Lines

Polylines

Rays

Xlines

Chamfered Rectangles


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Chamfered Rectangles

10

5

1

2

10

5

1

1

Drawing a Rectangle : Rectangle


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Drawing a Rectangle : RectangleCommand

1

1

10

5

10

5

10

5

1

2

R1

10

5

With Two Corners Specifying Dimensions Chamfered Rectangle

(Unequal Lengths)

ectangle with width Filleted Rectangle Chamfered Rectangle(Equal Length)

Rectangle Exercise 1


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Rectangle Exercise 1

70

R10 R

5

3030R5


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Creating Polygons:

Polygon CommandPolygons: Objects withmore than 2 sides with

equal lengths on eachside. E.g. Triangle,

square, pentagon,hexagon, heptagon,

octa on nona on etc Polygons


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Polygons

5

Center Point

Radius

Center Point

Radius

Length of Edge

Polygon Exercise - 1


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Polygon Exercise 1

9

R4

9

9

13

22

27

Polygon Exercise - 2


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Polygon Exercise 2

157

13

26

34

30

15

9

Splines: Spline Command


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A spline is a smooth curve that passesthrough or near a given set of points.

We can control how closely the curve fits thepoints.

The SPLINE command creates a particular

type of spline known as a nonuniform rationalB-spline (NURBS) curve.

A NURBS curve produces a smooth curve

between control points.We create splines by specifying points.

We can close the spline so that the start andendpoints are coincident and tangent.

Spline Exercise


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Spline Exercise

Rotating Objects:


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Rotating Objects:Rotate Command

45 45

45

Session Plan - 6


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Arraying: The Array Command.

Scaling : Scale Command.

Stretching: Stretch Command.

Changing Length: Lengthen.

Hatching: Hatch Command.

Color Filling: Gradient Command.

Breaking Lines: Break Command.Joining Lines:Join Command.

Converting a line to a polyline: Pedit, JoinCommands.

Arrays


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We can create copies of objects in arectangular or polar (circular) pattern calledan array.

For rectangular arrays, we control the numberof rows and columns and the distance

between each.For polar arrays, we control the number ofcopies of the object and whether the copiesare rotated.

To create many regularly spaced objects,arraying is faster than copying.

Steps for arraying:

Rectangular Array -


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g yExample

Polar Array - Example


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y p

Array Exercise 1


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y(Polar Array)

2.4

3.6

4.84

Array Exercise 2


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y(Polar Array)

Array Exercise - 3


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(Polar and Rectangular)

Array Exercise - 4


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y(Polar Array)

Polar Array Exercise


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y

45

120

Center(6,5)

41

Changing the Size of an


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g gObject :

Scale Command.We can resize objects to make them bigger orsmaller using Scale Command.Steps for scaling an object:

Give scale command from Modification toolBar/Modification Menu or write scale at thecommand prompt.

Select the object(s) to be scaled.

Specify the Base Point.

Specify Scale factor. (eg. 1.5 scale factor toincrease the size by 50% or 0.7 to reduce the

size b 30%

Scaling Example


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g p

Original

After

Scaling

up50%After

ScalingDown

30%

Stretching an Object:S h C d


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Stretch CommandWe can change the size of an object in onedirection or both direction using stretchcommand.

Steps for Stretching an object:

Give stretch command from Modification toolBar/Modification Menu or write stretch at thecommand prompt.

Select the object(s) to beStretched(Important: The object to bestretched should be selected usingcrossing-window or crossing-polygon).

S ecif the Base Point.

Stretching Example


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g

Original

Before

Stretching

After

StretchingHorizontaly

After

Stretching

Horizontaly

Changing the length:


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Lengthen Command.

We can resize objects to make them longer orshorter in only one direction or to make themproportionally larger or smaller.

Lengths can be changed using followingparameters:

DElta

Percentage

Total

DYnamic

Before

Lengthening

After

Lengthening

Hatching


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We can hatch an area (Closed area) using a

predefined hatch pattern. Mainly used to fillcross-sections with a pattern.

One type of pattern is called solid, which fillsan area with a solid color.

For hatching the steps are as follows:

Give the hatch command.

Select the pattern (from Pattern/Swatch).

Pick a point in the closed area to be hatched(Using Add: Pick points).

Set the angle and Scale.

Hatching Example


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Un hatched Object Hatched Object, using EarthPattern, 45 Deg. Angle and

scale 1.

Hatched Object, using EarthPattern, 45 Deg. Angle and

scale 5.

Hatching Exercise - 1


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A

R12

R5

B

D

C

55

Gradient


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We can Fill an area (Closed area) using

Shaded Colour.Can use Gradients of

Single Colour (with one colour and Dark/Light

Colour)Two Colour (With two Different Colours)

For applying Gradients the steps are asfollows:

Give the Hatch/Gradient command.

Select the color combination.

Pick a point in the closed area to be hatched

Gradient Example


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Object without

Gradient

Object after applying a Single

Colour and Tint

Object after applying Two

Colours

Breaking a lineA li (St i ht C d) b b k


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A line (Straight or Curved) can be brokenusing break command.

We can use single point break or two pointbreak.

Steps to be used for applying a break

command:

Give break command.

Select the first point on the object.

Select the second point on the object.

Breaking an Object -


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Example

Original Objects -

Before breaking.

Objects -

After Breaking.

Session Plan - 7


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Working with Reusable Contents:

Using Design Centre for ready madeBlocks.

Using Tool Pallets for Readymade Objects.

Creating Blocks to group objects: The BlockCommand.

Inserting a Block: Insert Block Command

Assigning attributes to Blocks: ATTDEFCommand

Point Revisited: Divide & MeasureCommands.

Using Design Centre


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Steps to use Design Centre:Tools -> Pallets -> Design Centre.

The designs can be selected from the Blocks

available in the tree structure of the DesignCentre Window.

Using Tool Pallets


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Steps to use Tool Pallets:Tools -> Pallets -> Tool Pallets.

Block Creation: The Block


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Block Creation: The BlockCommand.Creates a block definition from selectedobjects.

We create blocks by associating objects andgiving them a name.

Creating a block to be used in the currentdrawing only.

Creating a block to be used in other drawings.

We can also attach information (attributes) toa block.

Block Exercise


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R5

R6

Inserting a Block - Exercise


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18

22

6 69

R3

18

1

Assigning Attributes to aBl k ATTDEF


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Block: ATTDEFAttributes are defined so that the set ofimportant data associated with a block canalso be inserted into the drawing.

Steps for Defining an Attribute:

Draw -> Block -> Define Attribute.After defining the attribute a block should bemade and the attributes associated with thedrawing object should be included as a part of

the block.

When a block is inserted the data for thedrawing can be provided.

The data associated with the drawin can be

Attribute Definition -E i


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Exercise

DIMENSIONCOLORCOST

Block Exercise Creating aBl k f Pi f M


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Block of Pieces of a Map

Point Command Revisited:Di id C d


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Divide CommandDivide Command Divides a line segment in

equal number of segments.

Dividing a Line / Curve : Use DivideCommand.

Point Command Revisited :


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Divide CommandInstead of a Point Display Marker a Block canbe inserted at the division points using theBlockoption in the divide command.

Point Command Revisited:Measure Command


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Measure CommandMeasure command divides a line segmentequally based on measurement.

For dividing a Line / Curve based onmeasurement : Use Measure Command.

Block Option can also be used with measurecommand. 2



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Measure CommandInstead of a Point Display Marker a Block canbe inserted at the Measured points using theBlockoption in the Measure command.

3

Single Line Text


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We can use single-line text to create one ormore lines of text, where each text line is anindependent object that you can relocate,reformat, or otherwise modify.

Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one ormore lines of text, ending each line when youpress ENTER.

Each text line is an independent object thatyou can relocate, reformat, or otherwisemodify.

When we create single-line text, we assign a

text style and set alignment

Multiline Text

W h f


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We can create one or more paragraphs ofmultiline text (mtext) .

You can also use command prompts.

Before entering you specify opposite cornersof a text bounding box that defines the width

of the paragraphs in the multiline text object.

The length of the multiline text objectdepends on the amount of text, not the length

of the bounding box.You can use grips to move or rotate amultiline text object.

DimensioningDimensioning is the process of adding


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Dimensioning is the process of addingmeasurement annotation to a drawing.

You can create dimensions for a variety ofobject types in many orientations. The basictypes of dimensioning are

LinearRadial (radius, diameter and jogged)

Angular

Ordinate

Arc Length

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical,

aligned rotated baseline or continued

e : To simplify drawing

anization and dimensionling, it is recommendedt we create dimensions on

outs rather than in model space.

Dimensioning Exercise 1


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10

21

31

36

12

6



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38

27

31

10

14

2

R5

5

8



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6

9

11

9

6

33

265

12

5

.438

11

30

45

7

7



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813

18

1720

2432

36

9

2

11

512

17 3

147

4

0.44

2PL.

2

R6 R4R4

48

4

Session Plan - 8


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Working with Reusable Contents:

Using Design Centre for ready made Blocks.

Using Tool Pallets for Readymade Objects.

Creating Blocks to group objects: The Block

Command.

Inserting a Block: Insert Block Command

Assigning attributes to Blocks: ATTDEF

Command

Point Revisited: Divide & Measure Commands.

Annotations :

Assigning Attributes to aBlock: ATTDEF


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Block: ATTDEFAttributes are defined so that the set ofimportant data associated with a block canalso be inserted into the drawing.

Steps for Defining an Attribute:

Draw -> Block -> Define Attribute.After defining the attribute a block should bemade and the attributes associated with thedrawing object should be included as a part of

the block.

When a block is inserted the data for thedrawing can be provided.

The data associated with the drawin can be

Attribute Definition -Exercise


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Exercise

DIMENSIONCOLORCOST

Point Command Revisited:Divide Command


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Divide CommandDivide Command Divides a line segment in

equal number of segments.

Dividing a Line / Curve : Use DivideCommand.



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Divide CommandInstead of a Point Display Marker a Block canbe inserted at the division points using theBlockoption in the divide command.

Point Command Revisited:Measure Command


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Measure CommandMeasure command divides a line segmentequally based on measurement.

For dividing a Line / Curve based onmeasurement : Use Measure Command.

Block Option can also be used with measurecommand. 2



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Measure CommandInstead of a Point Display Marker a Block can

be inserted at the Measured points using theBlockoption in the Measure command.

3

Single Line Text


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We can use single-line text to create one ormore lines of text, where each text line is anindependent object that you can relocate,reformat, or otherwise modify.

Use single-line text (TEXT) to create one ormore lines of text, ending each line when youpress ENTER.

Each text line is an independent object thatyou can relocate, reformat, or otherwisemodify.

When we create single-line text, we assign a

text style and set alignment

Multiline Text

We can create one or more paragraphs of


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We can create one or more paragraphs ofmultiline text (mtext) .

You can also use command prompts.

Before entering you specify opposite cornersof a text bounding box that defines the width

of the paragraphs in the Multiline text object.

The length of the Multiline text objectdepends on the amount of text, not the length

of the bounding box.You can use grips to move or rotate amultiline text object.

Multiline Text Example


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Forlong,com

plexentries,cr

eatemultilinetextusing

MTEXT

command.Th

eangleis10.

Dia=1

2"andLeng

th=321

2".

Multiline Example


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Multiline Example


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Single Line Example


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Text Example


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DimensioningDimensioning is the process of adding

t t ti t d i


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measurement annotation to a drawing.

You can create dimensions for a variety ofobject types in many orientations. The basictypes of dimensioning are

LinearRadial (radius, diameter and jogged)

Angular

Ordinate

Arc Length

Linear dimensions can be horizontal, vertical,

aligned rotated baseline or continued

e : To simplify drawing

anization and dimensionling, it is recommendedt we create dimensions on

outs rather than in model space.



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10

21

31

36

12

6



153/178

38

27

31

10

14

2

R5

5

8



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6

9

11

9

6

33

265

12

5

.438

11

30

45

7

7



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8

1318

17

2024

3236

9

2

11

512

17 3

147

4

0.44

2PL.

2

R6 R4R4

48

4

TableA table is an object that contains data in rows

d l


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and columns.

A table object can be created from an emptytable or table style.

A table can also be linked to data in a

Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.After the table has been created, we can clickany gridline on the table to select it and thenmodify it by using the Properties palette or

grips

Table Example


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Table - ExampleA

D


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R12

R5

B

D

C

55

Viewing and ChangingObject Properties


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Object Propertieswe can display and change the currentproperties for any object in your drawing.

we can display and change the currentproperties for any object in your drawing in

the following ways:Open the Quick Properties panel to view andchange the settings for selected properties ofthe object.

Open the Properties palette and view andchange the settings for all properties of theobject.

Match PropertiesWe can copy some or all properties of one object to otherbj i h i


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objects using Match Properties.

The types of properties that can be copied include, but are notlimited to, color, layer, linetype, linetype scale, lineweight, plotstyle, viewport property overrides, and 3D thickness.

By default, all applicable properties are automatically copiedfrom the first object we selected to the other objects.

If we don't want a specific property or properties to be copied,use the Settings option to suppress the copying of that property.

We can choose the Settings option at any time during thecommand.

Session Plan - 9

Inserting Images & External Reference Files


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Inserting Images & External Reference Files.

Region, Boundary, Wipeout, Revision Cloud

Defining Units.

Setting Layers.

Drawing an Architectural Plan

Dimensioning an Architectural Plan

Inserting ImagesImages can be inserted into a drawing to show


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Images can be inserted into a drawing to show

Real views of objects

Maps.

Color Gradients / Patterns

Two methods are available for inserting an Image:

Insert -> Raster Image Reference

Insert -> External References

The External References method can also be invoked from :

Tools -> Palettes -> External References

Moving, Copying, Scaling an image in the drawing can be donesimilar to how we do for other drawing objects.

Brightness, Contrast and Fade settings can be done on an Image.

Image Insertion Exercise(Inserting an Image)


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(Inserting an Image)

Region

Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas


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Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areas

that have physical properties such ascentroids or centers of mass.

We can combine existing regions into a single,complex region to calculate area.

Regions are two-dimensional enclosed areasyou create from objects that form closedloops.

Loops can be combinations of lines, polylines,circles, arcs, ellipses, elliptical arcs, andsplines.

The objects that make up the loops must

Creating a region out of aLoop & Analysing


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Loop & Analysing

19

710

R4

5633

BoundaryRegions can also be created using BoundaryCommand


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Command.

Application of Boundary is same as that of theregion.

Both are extensively used in 3 Dimension to

create 3 Dimensional Extruded Solid Objects.

WipeoutWipeout objects cover existing objects with a


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p j g jblank area to make room for notes or to mask

details.

A wipeout object is a polygonal area thatmasks underlying objects with the current

background color. This area is bounded by thewipeout frame, which you can turn on forediting and turn off for plotting.

You can create a wipeout object by specifying

a polygonal area with a series of points, oryou can convert a closed polyline into awipeout object.

Revision CloudRevision clouds are polylines that consist ofsequential arcs.


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q

They are used to call attention to parts of adrawing during the review stage.

If you review or redline drawings, you canincrease your productivity by using the

Revision Cloud feature to highlight yourmarkups.

REVCLOUD creates a polyline of sequential

arcs to form a cloud-shaped object. You canselect a style for a revision cloud: Normal orCalligraphy.

If you select Calligraphy, the revision cloud

Revision Cloud


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Defining Drawing Units :UNITS command

Before we start to draw we must decide what one drawing unit represents


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Before we start to draw, we must decide what one drawing unit representsbased on what we plan to draw.

We can convert a drawing between systems of measurement by scaling it.

Every object we create is measured in drawing units.

Before we start to draw, we must decide what one drawing unit will representbased on what we plan to draw.

Then we create our drawing at actual size with that convention.

For example, a distance of one drawing unit typically represents one millimeter, onecentimeter, one inch, or one foot in real-world units.

Convert Drawing Units

If we start a drawing in one system of measurement (imperial or metric) and then wantto switch to the other system, use SCALE to scale the model geometry by theappropriate conversion factor to obtain correct distances and dimensions.

For example, to convert a drawing created in inches to centimeters, you scale the modelgeometry by a factor of 2.54.

To convert from centimeters to inches, the scale factor is 1/2.54 or about 0.3937.

LayersLayers are used to group information in ad i b f ti d t f li t


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drawing by function and to enforce linetype,

color, and other standards.

Layers are the equivalent of the overlays usedin paper-based drafting.

Layers are the primary organizational toolused in drawing.

We use layers to group information byfunction and to enforce linetype, color, andother standards.

LayersBy creating layers, we can associate similartypes of objects by assigning them to the


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types of objects by assigning them to the

same layer.For example, we can put construction lines,text, dimensions, and title blocks on separatelayers.

You can then control the following:

Whether objects on a layer are visible or dimmed inany viewports

Whether and how objects are plotted What color is assigned to all objects on a layer

What default linetype and lineweight are assigned toall objects on a layer

Whether ob ects on a la er can be modified

Exercise for Layer:Put Object and Dimensions in


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different Layers.137

62

26

6

8

2

11

6

19

25

48

R5

4

Session Plan - 10

Working with surveyors units.


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Working with surveyor s units.

Drawing a Building Plan.

Applying Layers to Building Plan.

Working with SurveyorsAngles.If we use surveyor's angles when specifying


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gIf we use surveyor's angles when specifying

polar coordinates, indicate whether thesurveyor's angles are in the north, south,east, or west direction.

For example, to enter a coordinate relative tothe current coordinate for a property line thatis 72 feet, 8 inches long with a bearing of 45degrees north, 20 minutes, 6 seconds east,enter

@72'8"


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Isometric DrawingProcedure


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Introduction to Isometric Drawing.Setting up Isometric Snap.

Setting up Isoplane (Top/Right/Left).

Drawing Lines.

Drawing Circles and Arcs.

Dimensioning Isometric Drawings.

Isometric Drawing Practice Sessions.


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