C 101 Lec 04 a Tour in RTOS Land
Transcript of C 101 Lec 04 a Tour in RTOS Land
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Linux For Embedded SystemsFor rabs
Ahmed ElArabawy
Course 101:
Introduction toEmbedded Linux
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r6x66F7UwI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r6x66F7UwIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r6x66F7UwIhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r6x66F7UwI -
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Lecture 4: A Tour in RTOS Land
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Lecture 4:A Tour in RTOS Land
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PROPRIETARY RTOSS
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Windows CE
Developed by Microsoft
Has recently been replaced by Windows Embedded Compact
Has the mix of the windows desktop and embedded devices
requirements
Suitable for embedded devices that require also a good user
interface
Medium to Large HW requirements:
Footprint of OS around 200-350KB
May run in under a 1MB of memory
True RTOS, has a deterministic behavior
Cost is around $3 per device license + Initial Cost for tools
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Application Examples
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Nucleus
Developed by Mentor Graphics
Portable to different devices (Microcontrollers and Micro -
Processors)
Foot print as small as 2KB
Support unique power management features
Power/clock gating
Deep sleep modes
Cost is about
$13K for the OS license per implementation
$3K per seat for the tools
Royalty free
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Application Examples
Very widely used
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Threadx
Developed by Express Logic, Inc. by the same the author of
Nucleus
Small footprint ( can go as low as 2KB on Microcontrollers)
True RTOS, Fast and deterministic behavior
Fast boot time (This is very important for devices that can't
afford a long boot time)
Flexible licensing models + Royalty free
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Application Example
Hewlett-Packard use ThreadX in all of their printers,
Inkjets
LaserJets
All-in-One
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Application Example
Broadcom use ThreadX in a lot of its Chips for cell phones in
their communication processors
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VxWorks
Developed by Wind River Systems, 1987
Legacy RTOS. Used to be the top OS for Embedded Platforms
Not used recently for small system, but still considered byheavy Institutions (such as Aerospace and Defense)
Expensive licensing cost + Royalty cost
Other OSs with their latest development are catching up
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Application Example
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Application Example
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FREE-OPEN SOURCE OSS
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Is Free Really Free ??
Free for freedom and not for free drink
Free means freedom to run, study, copy, modify, distribute
both the original code and the modified versions
Free/Open source OSs include:
The OS itself (the kernel)
Development tools: Compilers, Debuggers, toolchains,
Support libraries: C library, XML parsers, Security, command line
utilities
Keep in mind the licensing risks (GPL, LGPL, ) Licensing terms
Might mean you can not have a proprietary system
Might mean you need to give up your source code
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Advantages of Open Source OS
Cost perspective
Kernel, development tools, associated libraries and support tools,
applications,
Big community help and support
Ability to understand and control details of operation
Availability of online resources and documents
Fast release cycles
Ability to influence the future of the OS
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Linux (www.kernel.org)
Most popular Open Source OS
Big Community Support
Distributions Build your own distribution
Redhat
Suse Ubuntu
And many others
GPL v2.0 License
Require 32bit processors with MMU
Highly configurable, RAM and Storage requirements according toconfigurations
Not a real RTOS
Sometimes used with patches to support hard real time embeddedapplications (such as RTLinux)
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uClinux (www.uclinux.org)
Started as a port of Linux for systems with,
Micro-controllers
Processors without MMU
Used for simple Embedded devices
Now highly integrated with the Linux mainstream as a patch
Used in several devices such as,
DVD players
Security cameras
VoIP phones Scanners
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eCos (http://ecos.sourceware.org)
Suitable for smaller embedded systems
Small footprint, with low requirement on resources
Modified GPL License to give developer more rights to use it
without need to GPL his code
One of the most popular open source RTOS in the world today
Highly configurable (eCos stands for the "Embedded
Configurable Operating System")
Support multi-tasking with priority-based real-time scheduler
standards based APIs
True RTOS, Highly deterministic behavior
Highly portable to most of 32 bits processors
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Application Example
Sony, Playstation 3 Gaming Console for WiFi support
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Application Example
Samsung, latest LCD HDTVs (32-70 inch) to support multi-media
playback via USB2 from cameras, mp3 players and flash drives
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Application Example
Eye-Fi Wireless SD Cards that use WiFi to transfer images
between camera and computer
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Nuttx
First released by Gregory Nutt in 2007 with BSD license
True RTOS (deterministic)
Small footprint
Supports from simple 8 bit processors (such as Zilog Z80) to 32
bit processors (such as ARM-9, x86)
Supports C & C++ development
TCP/IP Stack and USB support
Support multitasking with FIFO and round-robin scheduling
Support pre-emption
Highly configurable
Supports Standard APIs such as ANSI and POSIX
Used in MP-3 players, Auto-pilot,
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Application Example
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To Follow Other Lectures
https://www.facebook.com/groups/linuxforEmbeddedSystems/
@Linux4Embedded
https://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systems
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUZ9YlkfD8o
http://www.youtube.com/user/Linux4Embedded
https://www.facebook.com/groups/linuxforEmbeddedSystems/https://twitter.com/Linux4Embeddedhttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUZ9YlkfD8ohttp://www.youtube.com/user/Linux4Embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/user/Linux4Embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUZ9YlkfD8ohttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://groups.google.com/d/forum/linux-for-embedded-systemshttps://twitter.com/Linux4Embeddedhttps://twitter.com/Linux4Embeddedhttps://twitter.com/Linux4Embeddedhttps://www.facebook.com/groups/linuxforEmbeddedSystems/https://www.facebook.com/groups/linuxforEmbeddedSystems/