Byzantium The Eastern Roman Empire Continues. Map of Byzantine Empire.
Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern...
-
Upload
eleanor-mcdowell -
Category
Documents
-
view
229 -
download
1
Transcript of Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern...
![Page 1: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Byzantium and Christendom
![Page 2: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian
Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half- fragmented-
Roman Catholic
Western church & society was more rural
![Page 3: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Christianity Contracted in Africa & Asia due to Islam
Islam took Jerusalem in 7th century
Most willingly converted
Christianity’s success as minority religion depended on tolerance of local rulers
Less tolerance as time passed
![Page 4: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Byzantium Builds on Roman past
No clear starting point
330- Constantine builds Constantinople
Empire has 2 capitals
Division of Christendom
Eastern half lasts 1000 years after fall of Rome
Strategically located, walled city, near the water
![Page 6: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Byzantium (Con’t)
Sought to restore the glory of Greco-Roman culture
Referred to themselves as “Romans”
Clothing- robes and sandals
![Page 8: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
State Structure Western Rome, Africa, and Middle East lost
Generals had authority to raise armies from local peasants
Very centralized authority
Emperor’s role as God’s representative
Caesaropapism- both a Caesar and Pope of Orthodox church
Legitimized rule & gave common identity
Aristocrats held gov’t positions
Territory shrank around 1095- Crusades
Falls to Ottoman Turks in 1453
![Page 9: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Christian Conflict Orthodox- “right thinking”
Churches had icons- religious images
Doctrine differences with Roman Catholics
Turn doctrine into Greek philosophical arguments
1054- both churches excommunicate one another
Crusades created more conflict
![Page 10: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Byzantium and the World Conflicts with Arabs
Weapon- Greek fire
Important role in trade
Gold coin widely used
Products in high demand
Spread culture to Balkans & Russia
Cyrillic alphabet spread by missionaries
![Page 11: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Conversion of Russia
Kiev Rus emerged in 9th century
Created via trade
High level of social stratification
Regional religions until Prince Vladimir’s conversion
Unifying identity for the people
Moscow- 3rd Rome?
![Page 12: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Western Europe
Margins of civilization until 1500
Shift from Rome to West & North
Series of kingdoms ruled, eventually forming states
Roman law adopted
Charlemagne & Carolingian Empire-
Roman bureaucracy & crowned new
emperor of Rome in 800- Holy Roman
Empire
![Page 15: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
New Kingdoms
Feudalism
Protection
Catholic Church fills administrative duties
Latin continues ^
Rulers convert, gain protection
Catholicism embraces native practices
Conflict w/ kings & Church
![Page 17: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Change in the West
Climate change
High Middle Ages- 1000-1300
35 million in 1000 80 million in 1350
Environmental changes
Cities were smaller than other civilizations’ cities
Urbanization- slow, only about 10%
Develop guilds- Hanseatic League was one
Women’s role in economy grows, then shrinks
Men- providers, not fighters
![Page 18: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Crusades After 1000, Western Europe on the rise
Byzantium under pressure
Increasing contact with India, China, and Mongolia
1095- Crusades begin
Fighters go to Heaven
Largely decentralized project
Main goal- Jerusalem
Spain brought into Christendom, Byzantium weakened, Popes strengthen their position, Cultural diffusion
Deepens divide between Catholic & Orthodox
![Page 20: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
European Advancements
Complete chart
Many farming advancements
New water-driven windmill
Advances in weapons, ship-building, and navigation
![Page 21: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Politics
Slowly develop states
No single empire- geographic, linguistic, and cultural barriers
Frequent wars drove gunpowder revolution
Rivalries stimulate technology development
More separation of Church & state than the East
Merchants had autonomy
Led to capitalism?
![Page 22: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Reason & Faith
Greek philosophy’s influence
Stoicism- reason, indifference, endurance
Renewal of interest in Greek texts- especially Aristotle
Application of reason to non-religious subjects
Lays foundation for Scientific Revolution
Byzantium- largely against this movement
Islam- translates many Greek texts
Does science reinforce faith or seek to destroy it?
![Page 23: Byzantium and Christendom. Introduction By 1300, Europe and Russia are Christian Division- eastern half- Byzantium- Eastern Orthodox western half-](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062315/5697c0051a28abf838cc5109/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Legacy
Crusades
Christianity’s split
Constant military campaigns- WWI and WWII
Religion &/vs. science
Separation of Church and state
The rise of the dominant power of 18th-21st centuries