FRESHWATER ; CHAPTER 11

By: Rice and Makayla

WHERE IS FRESHWATERFreshwater is everywhere. Freshwater is in

bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams.

EROSIONErosion takes place in all places but

mainly where there is soil and rock.

When rocks and soil are removed and transferred to another surface.

THE WATER CYCLEThe water cycle takes a big part in the

way freshwater moves, it continuously moves water from other water sources to other water sources.

There are many steps in the water cycle. The three most known steps in the water

cycle are precipitation, condensation, and evaporation.

RIVER SYSTEMSThere are smaller streams and rivers that flow

into larger oceans, lakes, or ponds, also known as tributaries.

The network of streams and rivers is called a river system and it drains an area of its runoff.

The river system is then divided into drainage basins, which is land drained by a river system.

The drainage basins are then separated from each other by a divide, which is an area of higher ground than the basin separated by it.

STREAM EROSIONWhen a stream forms it follows a path

known as a channel. The channel is created from eroded soil and rock from the stream that has formed.

Loads then collect the materials carried in a stream’s water, which are large rocks and pebbles.

STREAM and RIVER DEPOSITSDeposition occurs when any material is

dropped or settles.The rock and soil that is deposited is called

alluvium.Another deposit is a delta which is a fan-

shaped deposit . These are formed when the river’s load is deposited and it reaches the large body of water.

DEPOSITION ON LANDWhen a fast-moving mountain stream flows

onto a flat plain, the stream slows down and deposits alluvium where the mountain meets the plain. This action forms alluvial fans, which are fan shaped deposits that form on dry land.

When it is high rainfall or rapid snowmelt occurs it increases the speed of the water flowing, which causes the stream to overflow its banks forming a flood plain.

AQUIFERSA rock layer that stores water is an aquifer.To qualify as am aquifer a rock layer must be

porous or contain open spaces.A rock’s porosity is the amount of open space

it has.

SummaryFreshwater is everywhere.Erosion and deposition both use freshwater

in there process. The river system and the water cycle both

move freshwater in a cycle in order to keep it flowing.

Land deposition causes the need for flood plains because it deteriorates the rock.

Stream erosion uses channels which uses loads to collect the large materials, such as rocks.

VOCABULARYErosion- removal and transport of surface material Water cycle- movement of water to other water sourcesTributaries- smaller streams or rivers that flow into larger

onesDrainage basin- land drained by a river systemDivide-an area of higher ground than the basins it separatesChannel- path that streams followsLoad-materials carried in a streams waterDeposition-material which is dropped or settledAlluvium-rock and soil deposited by streamsFlood Plain-a stream overflowing banksAquifer-rock layer that stores waterPorosity-amount of open space a rock has