COMPUTER HARDWARE AND

SOFTWARE By: Reem Hasayen

TYPES OF COMPUTERSMain vocabulary :1. Desktop.2. Laptop3. Macintosh.4. Mainframes5. Personal Computers (PC)6. Personal digital assistant

(PDA) or Penbook.7. Supercomputer 8. Server

TYPES OF COMPUTERS1. A desktop computer is designed to

remain in one location. The personal computer(PC) and Macintosh support one user at a time. A company called Apple makes Macintosh computers.

Several different companies makes PCs.** workstation is a normal PC but features

superior components ( CPU,Memory,Vedio)

** Minicomputers designed to manage larg databases and companies

TYPES OF COMPUTERS2. A laptop computer is designed to be

carried from place to place. They differ from desktops because of their reduce size and higher cost for the same computing power.

3. Notebook computers have the same features that the laptop has but even much smaller.

TYPES OF COMPUTERS3. Mainframes are very powerful

computers that can do many things at once. While only one person at a time can use a PC or Macintosh, hundred of people can use mainframe at once.

They are used in the management of the large database of government or banks.

TYPES OF COMPUTERS4. A personal digital assistant (PDA) or

Penbook

Is a computer that is small enough to hold in one’s hand. They do not have keyboard but used with a light pen which is used to interact with the computer.

Also it can connected to the computer to download data and other operations.

TYPES OF COMPUTERS5. Palm top Computers that have the same as

Penbook(PDA) but comes with mini keyboard instead of the pen

TYPES OF COMPUTERS6. Super computers.It represent the highest step in the computer

hierarchy and only few examples of them are exist in the world.

1. They cost extremely high.2. The cost of producing and maintaining a

supercomputer is high.3. They used for high-level operations only

TYPES OF COMPUTERS Example :Supercomputers are used to reduce traffic

in the united states. It is connected to many satellites which

are watching the traffic, this will help the supercomputer to divert the traffic from busy roads to roads which have less traffic.

TYPES OF COMPUTERS7. Server The term server actually refers to a

computer's function rather than to a specific kind of computer. A server runs a network of computers. It handles the sharing of equipment like printers and the communication between computers on the network

SERVERS . For such tasks a computer would need

to be somewhat more capable than a desktop computer. It would need:

more power larger memory larger storage capacity high speed communication

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAINFRAMES AND SERVERS client/server is a distributed network description. client

PCs (with their own OS's and drives)on a network request info or program access from servers which have the databases or applications they wish to use. Mainframes are [like] giant servers only they serve dumb terminals. Those terminals have no drives, no independent OS..just a screen and keyboard. All data of any type is contained in the mainframe. Any info changed or added from a terminal changes the data in the mainframe. The most frequently used nowadays is the IBM model. Yes it's an old system

EMBEDDED COMPUTER An embedded computer is a single chip that contains

all of the elements that are essential for any computer i.e.

RAM ROM CPU Input Output Clock

Another term often used for an embedded computer is a 'micro controller'. This is because the main purpose of an embedded computer is to control something.

EMBEDDED COMPUTER All of the following contain an

embedded computer:

telephones televisions cameras washing machines microwave cookers dishwashers cars

WHAT MAKES THE COMPUTER POWERFUL ? Speed A computer can do billions of

actions per second.

Reliability Failures are usually due to human error, one way or another. (Blush for us all!)

Storage A computer can keep huge amounts of data.

HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE Hardware : all electronic and mechanical

components which makes up a computer.

Software : programs that tells the computer what to do, it means that we use it to make the computer work to process and manipulate data.

COMPUTER HARDWARE Data flow in the computer

Input Devices Output Devices Storage Devices Processing unit (CPU)

HARDWARE COMPONENTS The case Made of plastic or metal material whose

function is to contain computer parts that makes up the PC.

The case has different shapes depending on the PC.

Desktop: usually placed horizontally under the monitor.

Tower : as the name implies it is vertical unit like a tower.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS Tower case Mini towers ( small PC) Midi towers ( the most widespread

PC) High towers( more powerful PC like a

server).For the students :What does the case contain ?

HARDWARE COMPONENTS Peripheral : number of external components

connected to the case. Input peripheral : that allows user to input

data to the computer. Output peripheral : that allows the computer

to supply information to the user.

All peripherals have their own “ Driver”, that is the program that allows the PC to recognize and use the device although modern operating systems classify the peripheral and make it immediately operative.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS Power supply: Electricity enters the PC through this, its

protected by a metal box.Inside the metal box there is a

transformer that convert Electricity into voltages necessary for all computer components.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS Motherboard it’s one of the most important computer

component, it can be considered as computer’s heart.

It’s a printed circuit to which a series of other component are connected.

What are the chipsets? chipsets main controllers on the

motherboard - they allow the CPU to interface with the various components and the motherboard

COMPUTER HARDWARE Input Devices

Main vocabulary:1. Input device.2. Joystick3. Keyboard4. Microphone5. Mouse6. Peripheral7. Port8. scanner

COMPUTER HARDWARE Input devices :allow the user to

communicate with the computer because they permit the input data and documents.

Peripheral : anything connected to your computer.

Keyboard : its used to inter information in the form of words, number and punctuation.

Mouse : is used to control objects seen in the screen.

Scanner : collect information from the pictures and end them to the computer

COMPUTER HARDWARE A port: allow users to connect external

input devices to the computer. A joystick : an input device that has

buttons that can be pressed to send information to the computer.

A microphone : can be used to input audio such as music into the computer.

COMPUTER HARDWARE Output devices : these allow the

computer to communicate with the user. For example, by displaying the output in the screen or by generating sound .

Printer: transfer images from screen to papers.

A monitor: display information visually, just like television set.

Speaker : carry information in the form of sound.

PROCESSING COMPONENT

Main vocabulary:1. Clock speed2. CPU3. Memory4. Microprocessor5. Motherboard 6. Ram7. Rom8. Process9. Storage devices

MOTHER BOARDThe motherboard is one of the most

importance components in the PC, it can be considered the computer’s heart.

It’s a printed circuit to which a series of other components are connected, from the microprocessor to the video card, the hard desk and other peripherals.

MOTHER BOARD