By: Juliana, Maranatha, Yasmeen & Nick

FACTS:• Forests cover 42%of Canada• Russia and Brazil have more forestland than

Canada• Forests provide an essential renewable

resource-timber• During spring runoff, trees hold water in the

soil, preventing flooding• Forests provide habitat for animals• Forests are important hunting and trapping

grounds• Forests are important recreational areas

TYPES OF FORESTS: Soft wood• 66% of Canada’s forest cover• Fir, Pine, SpruceHard wood• 12% of Canada’s forest cover• Poplar, Maple, Birch The other 22% are mixed forests containing both coniferous and deciduous trees.

Commercial Forests:• trees that if harvested properly can be profitable• exist in warmer, wetter

areas where trees grow quickly

• not likely to be harvested• north of the commercial

forests • only half of Canada’s forests are accessible

by road

Non-Commercial Forests:

FOREST STATISTICS:

Forest Commercial Non-Commercial • Boreal 153 808 75 903• Taiga 29 411 88 488• Montane 32 129 2 728• Mixed 18 872 815• West Coast 8 563 1 492• Arctic 9 3 277• Prairies 1 778 307

FOREST REGIONS IN CANADA:

Boreal Forest Region• largest forest region• mainly softwood• small slow growing trees • long winters and low precipitation• pulp and paper production(Soft wood is used for house construction and paper making)

FOREST REGIONS IN CANADA cont’d...

Taiga Forest Region:• coniferous, deciduous, and stunted trees• thin soils, cool temperatures, short growing season,

and permafrost• small parts are logged for pulp and papermaking

FOREST REGIONS IN CANADA cont’d...

West Coast Forest Region: • the most productive and highest forest in Canada• wood is used for lumber, plywood, pulp and paper• abundant relief rainfall, average temperatures, and

long growing season• coniferous trees

FORESTS REGIONS IN CANADA cont’d...

Mixed Forest Region: • long growing season, abundant rainfall • fir and spruce in the north, coniferous and

deciduous in the south• conifers are used for lumber and pulp and

paper• hardwoods are used for lumber.

TYPES OF TREE REMOVAL:Clear-cutting:

Is the fastest and cheapest logging method, where every tree is removed .

Shelterwood logging:Involves clear-cutting part of a forest. Seed-bearing trees are left standing so their seeds can regenerate the logged area.

TYPES OF TREE REMOVAL cont’d...

Selective cutting:Is a method, less disruptive to the forest environment, but very costly due to required time and care of the trees. This consists of harvesting only mature trees of the desired size, type and quality.

CANADA’S FOREST PRODUCTS:The two most important products of Canada's forests are

lumber, pulp and paper. Lumber (the Industry):

BC is the leading plywood producer because of its tall, knot-free, easily unrolled (''peeled'') logs.

Pulp and paper:Is found in every province except PEI. Canada is the second largest producer of pulp and paper and the first largest exporter.

FOREST FIRES:• Fire is a normal part of the life cycle of

forest ecosystems• New healthy trees regenerate quickly in the burned forest• Sometimes fires are purposely started in a “controlled

burn” • On average 9500 fires burn 3 million hectares of Canada’s

forests each year• 48% of all forest fires in Canada are caused by lightening in

remote areas• 52% of all forest fires caused by people usually occur near

settled areas

ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO CANADIAN FORESTS:

• Acid precipitation is a serious problem for forests in Canada

• Insect pest and disease are negatively affecting forests• The spruce budworm, tent caterpillar and gypsy moth in

eastern Canada and the pine bark beetle in British Columbia cause millions of dollars worth of damage every year

• Canadian forests are at risk from “imported” insect pests

THE END