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HOMONYMY AND POLYSEMY

HOMONYMY The word "homonym" comes from the

conjunction of the Greek : prefix homo-, meaning "same", andsuffix -ṓnymos, meaning "name".

Homonymy is one of a group of words that share the same spelling and pronunciation, but have different meaning.

1. Homography: identical spelling and different meaning e.g. Bow

2. Homophony: different spelling and similar pronunciation. E.g feet and feat

Generally, Homonymy is expressed in two broadways:

• Full homonyms are identical in sound in all their forms of paradigms of two or more different words:

Example: Sole1 means bottom of shoe and Sole2 means kind of fish.Full homonymy may be found in different parts of speechE.g. For [fo:] — preposition,

for [fo:] — conjunction, four [fo:] — numeral,

These parts of speech have no other word-forms.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOMONYMS

- is identical only in some of the forms : - Examples :

to find to foundfound foundedknow noknows noseknew new

•Partial homonymy

• Lexical Homonyms, example, trunk (part of an elephant) and trunk (a storage chest).

• Grammatical Homonyms, Verbs occurring as transitive and intransitive or lexical units that occur as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. (e.g. cut (v.), cut (n.), cut (adj.)) are examples of such homonyms (ibid.).

• Lexico-grammatical homonyms, have no link between their lexical meaning and belong to different part of speech.

Ex : tear (N)-tear (V)bear - bare

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Refers to cases where a lexeme (word) has more than one meaning but related sense. Example: - “a chip” : a piece of wood, food, or electronic circuit-” capitalist” : person who owns a business, supporter of capitalism; person who owns a business- “ head “ : part of the body above neck, person in charge of an organisation

POLYSEMY

Type of polysemy• Polysemy motivated by metaphor

refers to a relationship in which a core sense ‘moves’ to something ‘nearby’.example : the foot of a sock is the part that covers the foot. As a measurement of length

• Polysemy motivated by metonymyrefers to a relationship in which the new sense involves an analogy or a jump of imagination.example : foot can also refer to the bottom part of something that does not actually have feet, e.g. the foot of a mountain or the foot of a ladder.

Homonymy vs PolysemyIn semantic analysis, the theoretical distinction

between homonymy and polysemy creates a problem that has captivated the attention of many linguists. Polysemy (polly-seamus in Latin) is defined roughly as the existence of one lexeme with many related meanings. The fact that polysemy is a property of single words is what differentiates it from homonymy in principle (Lyons 1982:146). For instance, the words neck, guard, music, and bachelor are polysemous since each one of them appears in standard dictionaries of English as a single lexeme with several distinguishable meanings, whereas homonyms generally have separate dictionary entries often marked with superscripts 1, 2, and so forth. (Fromkin et al. 2003: 180).

Differences between polysemy and homonymy

Criteria polysemy Homonymr

Existence Word level Word level

Structure Single form Similar form

Orthography Do not vary in spelling May vary in spelling

Utterence Mostly due to context Due to meaning and ethimology

Context Plays in vital role Has No role to play

Conclusion

Homonymy is the group of words which are similar in spelling and/or prounonciation but different in meaning.However, polysemy is the single word which has different meaning. In polysemy, the different sense of single item re seen as being related in some non-trivial way, whereas in homonymy, the multiple encoding is a matter of historical accident.

ReferenceDash, Niladri Sekhar. Polysemy and homonymy: A Conceptual Labyrinth. KolkataKlepousniotou, Ekaterini. 2001. The Processing of Lexical Ambiguity: Homonymy and Polysemy in the Mental Lexicon. Canada: Published online https://webspace.utexas.edu/wechsler/Krifka06Polysmy.pdf?uniq=-sgaq17 http://www.idealibrary.com

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