HISTORY OF MEDIEVAL NEPAL

An OutlookBy Bibhu Poudel

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Least comprehended era in Nepal’s History.

●Lichhavi dyansty was ruling Nepal.

●It started with the start of the rule of Raghav Dev on 880 A.D or 937 B.S.

●Raghav Dev, Shankar Dev, Gunakam Dev, Bijay Kam Dev were the last kings of Lichhavi Dynasty.

INTRODUCTION

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Bijay Kam Dev was Childless.So Vaskardev from thakuri Dynasty ruled Nepal.

●Baldev, Padma Dev, Sankhar Dev ruled after Vakardev. ●Bam Dev lead a coup against Shankar Dev.

●Harsha Dev(III),Mahendra Dev, Rudra Dev, Narendra Dev, Amrit Dev ruled Nepal.

INTRODUCTION

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●After Amrit Dev , Dev and Malla dyanasty ruled Nepal alternately.

●Malla King.Dev Prince.Dev King.Malla Prince.

●Later Jayasthiti Malla overthrew Arjun Dev to terminate the system.

INTRODUCTION

Dev- Malla-Dev-Malla Rule

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Rise of Malla Dynasty inside Kathmandu Valley.

●Khas Rajya , Gandak Pradesh, Sen Rajya divided.

●Nepal divided into 52 small states or principalities.

●Ended in 1744 B.S after Prithvi Narayan Shah started the unification of Nepal.

INTRODUCTION

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

● Nanyadev started to rule east Terai makingsimaraungadh the capital in 1154 B.S.

●Fertile land, enough money and strong military power

● Frequently attackd kathmand valley.

● In 1384 B.S, Gayasuddin from Delhi attacked it. Harisingh Dev the 6th king flew away. Died in Dolakha. Queen, son and military general refugee in Bhaktapur.

Doy Rajya

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Nag Raj from Khati in Tibet Started to rule making Sinja the capital in 1207 B.S.

●Chap, Chapilla, Krasichalla, Krachdhilla,Ashek Malla, Jitari Malla, Ripu Malla, Aditya Malla, Kalyan , Pratap, Punya,Prithvi and Abaya Malla.

● Millitary Power. Rulers were brave fighters.

Khas Rajya

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Kumaon and Gadwal - West, Tibet-North , Terai-South during the rule of King Krasichalla.

●Gorkha –East. Attacked Kathmandu Valley thrice in 2 years during the rule of Jitari Malla.

●Nuwakot –East.Attacked Kathmandu Frequently during the rule of Aditya Malla.

●Has 226 years of history.Ended with the death of Abaya Malla.

Khas Rajya

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●In 1264 B.S , Arimalla ruled Kathmandu Valley.

●Dev-Mallla-Dev-Malla System came to use after his regime.

●Abaya Malla, Jay Dev, Jaybhim Dev, Ananta Malla, Ananda Malla,Rudra Malla , Ari Malla (II), Raj Dev, Arjun Dev, Jayasthiti Malla, Jyoti Malla and Yaksha Malla ruled after Ari Malla.

Kathmandu Valley

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Weak kingdom duringDev-Malla-Dev-Malla rule.

●Khas , Doy kings attacked frequently.King Samasuddin from Delhi attacked , burned temples ,looted treasure from Pashupati Nath and broke the statue.

●Jayasthiti Malla overthrew Arjun Dev and the DMDM sytem was brought to an end.

Kathmandu Valley

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Most prominent figure of medieval Nepal.

●1418 B.S , Married Rajalla Devi, Daughter of Arjun Dev.

●Devala Devi, His Mother in Law died in 1423 B.S.He then started to take part in the rule.

●In 1437 B.S overthrew Arjun dev and started Malla rule inside Kathmandu Valley.

Jayasthiti Malla

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Political- One Dynasty Rule.Stronger Kingdom.

●Social-4 Barna, 36 Castes,64 Subcastes on the basis of their work.

●Economic-Land reform. Inroduced Mana, Pathi, Daharni and Chatak.

●Religious-Built temples , established guthi to run temples.

●Judicial- Laws based on religion and capital punishments.

Jayasthiti Malla

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●The most powerful kingdom, Khas Rajya, broke down to 22 small kingdoms.

●Jumla, Jajarkot,Cham,Acham, Rukum,Musikot,Rolpa, Malnet, Bajhang, Dailekh,Salyan,Bangfi, Jahari, Kalangwa ,Garmekot, Doti, Bishalpur,,Malebom,Galkot,Gutum,Gajur, Dharma.

Baise Rajya

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

● Yaksha Malla extended his kingdom to Palpa. After his death, the center or Kathmandu valley lost its control over the Gandaki Pradesh. ●In 16th century B.S , it broke down to 24 different states.

●Palpa, Kaski, Tanahu, Lamjung, Galkot, Parbat, Nuwakot, Pun,Garahun, Rishing, Dhiring, Dhor, Gulmi, Musikot, Isma, Pyuthan,Bhirkot,Dhurkot, Argha, Khachi, Satahu, Salyan, Pathyu, Liglig.

Chaubise Rajya

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●It was the land between arun, Koshi river and Mechi River.

●It was divided into 10 limbu kingdoms.Morang was the most powerful and had central Government.

● Bijaypur was the capital of morang kingdom of Limbuwan

●It came to an end after Limbuwan-Gorkha Treaty.

Pallo Kirat Limbuwan

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Palpa was the most powerful state in the Gandaki Pradesh.It envaded Kathmandu valley when it was ruled by King Mun Mun Mukunda sen.

● The king of Palpa, Mukunda Sen extended his kingdom to Kirat Pradesh.Later the area was divided by his relatives and made independent states.They were Makwanpur, Bijaypur and Chaudandi.

Sen Rajyas in the East

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Makwanpur-His youngest Son lohang Sen started to rule in the area between Makwanpur and Bijaypur as a free state.

Makwanpur

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Bijaypur-In the regime of Makwanpur’s King Subha Sen, his Nephew Indra Sen freed Bijaypur as his partition share and started ruling it as an independent State .

Bijaypur

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Chaudandi- Between the power struggle,Jagat Sen, youngest son of Mani Sen re-divided Makwanpur and started to rule Chadandi which was his partition share.

Chuadandi

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●In 1538 B.S after the death of Yaksha Malla, his sons started to rule the Valley.

●Ratna Malla ruled Kantipur which was a free state and Bhadgaon jointly with his brother.

●Patan , as a partition share was for the daughter of Yaksha Malla.

Malla States of Kathmandu

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

● In 1538 B.S , Ratna Malla established an indepenent state.

●Bagmati- East, Trishuli-West, Tilak Parbat-North ,Patan-South were the boundaries.

●Amar, Surya, Narendra, Mahindra, Sadashiva, Siva Singh, Harihar Singh,Laxmi Narsingh, Pratap, Chakrabartindra, Nripendra, Bhupalendra, Bhaskar, Mahendra Singh, Jagajjyaa, Jayprakash, Jyotiprakash.

Kantipur

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●Ray Malla, the oldest son of Yaksha Malla got Bhadgaon as his partition share.

●Sanga-East, Bagmati-West, Kuti-North,Forest of Medini Malla-South were the boundaries of Bhadgaon.

●Subarna, Pran, Bishow, Tralokya, Jayajyotir, Narendra, Jagatprakash, Bhupatindra, Ranajit.

Bhadgaon

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●It was under Yaksha Malla’s daughter as partition share.

●For a long time it was under Kathmandu’s regime. Later, it wasRuled by Siddinarsingh Malla after rift with his older brother Narsingh,both sons of Harinarsingh, King of Kantipur.

●Bhadgaon-West, Lamidada-East, Bagmati-North, Forest of Medini Malla-South.

●Sri Niwas, Yognarendra, Lokprash, Yogprakash, Bishnu, Rajya Prakash, Bishwojeet, Dalmardan , Tej Narsingh Malla ruled Patan after Siddhinarsing Malla.

Patan

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

● Construction works were carried out.Many temples and stupas were constructed.Pratap Malla built Krishna Mandir, Taleju Bhawani, Ranipokhari,Guheswari Temple and Reconstructed Swoyambhunath.

● Due to the competiton between the three kings of Kantipur, Bhadgaon and Patan, three Durbar Squares were constructed.

●Jayasthiti Malla brought judicial, economic , social and political changes.

●Siddhinarsingh Malla introduced coins in Patan.

Changes, during Medieval Period

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

●The early patronage of Buddist kings was given to more strict Hindu devotion.

●Nepal was open for foreigners.So trade between India and Tibet helped Nepal to start trade with both sides.

●Nepal during the Malla Rule witnessed the maximum number of changes so it can be said as the golden period of Medieval Nepal

●Hinduism and Buddism were continiously expanding.

●Myth of Kings should not visit Budhanilkantha was started during the reign of Pratap Malla.

●Different new festivals and Jatras like Indra, Macchindra, Bhote were started.

Changes, during Medieval Period

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

Photo Gallery

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

Photo Gallery

MEDIEVAL NEPAL

● Nepal Parichaya,siddhiswor Man Shrestha, Shyam Krishna Joshi, Akshalok Prakash● History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal in a Nutshell with some comparative traces with foreign History, D.B Shrestha and C.B Singh.● Greater Nepal Documentary by Manoj Pandit on ww.youtube.com● www.wikipedia.org● www.nepaltourism.net● www.countrystudies.us● www.mid-np.org● www.kingdomofnepal.com ● www.3.bp.blogspot.com● www.t2.gstatic.com● www.ncthakur.itgo.com .

References

THANKYOU.NYU DAYA VINTUNA.