Persons and situations jointly influence behavior.

► The feelings and beliefs that largely determine how workers will see their environment, commit themselves to intense actions, and behave accordingly

What is Attitude?

Attitudes are integral part of the world of work.

Often, poor performance attributed to bad attitudes

stems from lack of motivation, minimal feedback

and lack of trust in management.

Managers need to understand how attitudes are

formed, attitudes that affect work behavior and

how to use persuasion to change attitudes.

ATTITUDE FORMATION

Attitudes are learned.

2 Major influences on attitudes:

1. Direct Experience

Attitudes from experience with an object or person.

2. Social Learning

Attitudes learned through modelling

from the family, peer groups, religious organizations and culture.

Work Attitudes

Important work attitudes:

► Job Satisfaction

A pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences. It describes how content an individual is with his or her job.

Satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative and committed to their work and employers.

►Not having the necessary equipment or resources ►Lack of opportunities for promotion►Having little or no say in decisions that affect you

►the work may be boring, or ill-suited to your interests, education and skills.

Reasons for Lack of Job Satisfaction

►Conflict between co-workers►Conflict with your supervisor►Not being appropriately paid for

what you do

Work AttitudesImportant work attitudes:

► Organizational Commitment

The strength of an individual’s identification with an organization

3 Kinds of Organizational Commitment:

1. Affective Commitment

Employee’s intention to remain in an organization because of belief in the goals and values of the organization, willingness to put effort for the organization and to remain a member of the organization

3 Kinds of Organizational Commitment:

2. Continuance Commitment

Employee’s remain in an organization because they believe that if they leave they will lose their investment of time, effort and benefits and they cannot replace these investments.

3. Normative Commitment

Perceived obligation to remain in the organization

Persuasion and Attitude Change

The source : Manager/ Supervisor Characteristics: Expertise, trustworthiness and

attractiveness (communicator)

The target: Employee Characteristics: Individuals with low self-esteem, extreme

attitudes, good mood

Message Characteristics: Present both sides

Values► General and enduring beliefs about right and wrong.

Instrumental values _ reflect the means to achieving goals, they represent acceptable behaviors.

Ex. Love, Honesty, Responsibility, Ambition, Obedience

Terminal Values _ represent the goals to be achieved

Ex. World Peace, Happiness, Family Security,

Self-respect, Freedom

Work Values

Importance: It affects how individuals behave on their jobs in terms of what is right and wrong

Achievement _ concern for the advancement of one’s career. Behavior as working hard and looking for opportunities to develop new skills.

Concern for others _ Caring, encouraging other employees and compassionatebehaviors

Work Values

Honesty _ providing accurate information and refusing to mislead others for personal gain.

Fairness _ emphasizes impartiality and recognizes different points of view