Bulgaria in Summer - naturetrek.co.uk guides made a change and we first made a brief stop near the...

Bulgaria in Summer

Naturetrek Tour Report 17 - 24 July 2017

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK

T: +44 (0)1962 733051

E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Report and images by Alan Outen

White Stork

Eastern Bath White Pontia edusa

Banded Darter Sympetrum pedemontanum female

Rose Plume, Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla

mailto:[email protected]

Tour Report Bulgaria in Summer

© Naturetrek April 18 1

Tour participants: Alan Outen (leader), Stoyan Beshkov & Yordan Kutsarov (Dancho) (local guides) and

Eristo (driver), together with 16 Naturetrek clients

Summary

In the course of the week we enjoyed superb scenery and a wonderful range of wildlife. We saw an overall total

of 874 identified species in addition to a few inevitably remaining unidentified. This represents the second

highest total ever for this tour. This total included 400 higher plants (the highest total ever for the tour) and 314

invertebrate species, of which 87 were butterflies and 60 moths, as well as many other attractive and impressive

bugs, beetles etc. We had record numbers of beetle and Arachnid species for the tour with many other groups

above average. Being so late in the season it is always difficult to find birds on this tour. As such we only

managed a total of 88 species. This was nonetheless still higher than for some tours where birds are a primary

focus, and we had so much more besides.

Day 1 Monday 17th July

Our flight was a few minutes late taking off from the UK but, as so often with this route, we nonetheless arrived

a few minutes early at 1.14pm (BST +2). At Sofia the weather was cool and cloudy following recent rain. After

clearing immigration and reclaiming luggage, we quickly found Dancho and Stoyan in the arrivals hall. The

remaining three members of the group were also there having travelled separately. The bus was loaded up and by

2pm we were on our way.

After travelling for 70 minutes we stopped at some meadows near Samokov, which provided a productive

introduction to some of the Bulgarian flora and fauna. Plants included Field Eryngo, Crown Vetch, Skeleton

Weed, Childling Pink, Viper's Bugloss, Cypress Spurge, Centaurea rutifolia, C. solstitialis, Marrubium peregrinum, Vicia

hybrida and Silene roemeri. There were even two toadstool species in evidence, these being Agrocybe praecox and

Suillus granulatus. In the relatively cool and damp conditions Scarce Copper, Chestnut Heath and Lesser Spotted

Fritillary (as adult and a much photographed larva) were the pick of the butterflies. Some day-flying moths were

also of interest including Thistle Ermine, Bright Wave and best a clearwing moth species Chamaesphecia empiformis.

Among other insects noted were Banded Demoiselle and White-legged Damselflies, Southern Hawker

Dragonfly, Blue-winged Grasshopper, the attractive Mirid Bug Adelphocoris vandalicus and two brightly-coloured

leaf beetles from the genus Clytra. A Red-backed Shrike and Great Spotted Woodpecker provided some

ornithological interest.

Amazingly we found we had been here over an hour and a quarter and it was time to move on. Attempts to carry

out the briefing on the bus were thwarted by the fact that the microphone was not working. The anticipated

comfort stop failed to materialise, not least as many were clearly intent on catching up on some sleep after the

early start! Those who remained alert were aware of several heavy showers as well as birds that included White

Stork, Common Buzzard, Raven and Bee-eater. Roadside plants were Danewort, Walnut and False Acacia, the

latter an important nectar source for honey bees in the region.

We eventually arrived at our hotel in Melnik at 6.45pm, significantly earlier than usual due to the omitted

comfort stop. With rooms allocated, a very welcome evening meal was followed by a rapid briefing. After a very

long though interesting day, all were more than ready to retire.

Bulgaria in Summer Tour Report

2 © Naturetrek April 18

Day 2 Tuesday 18th July

Today the weather was sunny, hot and dry with a maximum temperature of 30°C. A pre-breakfast walk from the

hotel was fairly well attended. Those assembling for this noted an attractive little moth on the wall of the hotel,

reminiscent of our UK Marbled Beauty and its relatives. This Stoyan identified as Cryphia amasina. Birds were

disappointing for a walk that had been productive in previous years, with Red-rumped Swallow, Golden Oriole,

Grey-headed Woodpecker and Red-backed Shrike the most interesting. The plants seen included Soapwort, Pink

Everlasting (Xeranthemum annuum), Artemisia absinthium, Erigeron annuus, Campanula scutellata, Geranium macrorrhizum,

and the yellow flowered Achillea coarctata.

After a satisfying breakfast, we assembled at 9am ready for our departure for the day. Based on our itinerary and

the briefing the night before, we had anticipated that our first stop was to be at Rupite. However our Bulgarian

guides made a change and we first made a brief stop near the Struma River. This was productive with Oriental

Marbled Skipper, Lesser Fiery Copper, Clouded Yellow and Eastern Bath White butterflies, and Southern

Skimmer dragonfly. A Beautiful Marbled moth (Eublemma purpurina) was an excellent find, though seen by few.

Other insects of note here were a Praying Mantis, the groundhopper Tetrix depressa, the impressive longhorn

beetle Purpuricenus budensis (which we were to see a lot during the week) and several unusual bug species, among

them Brassica Bug (Eurydema oleracea), Carpocoris mediterraneus, Psacasta exanthematica and Ancyrosoma leucogrammes.

Bee-eaters and European Pond Tortoise were the best of the vertebrates.

At 10.15am we drove on and then stopped again after ten minutes, this time at another wet site near Kojuh,

where we spent nearly two hours. Among the butterflies noted here were Mallow Skipper and Scarce Swallowtail,

along with the day-flying burnet moth species Zygaena laeta. Heteropteran Bugs were again good and included the

large spiny shieldbug Mustha spinosula (yet again missed by the UK leader who has been wanting to see it for

years!) and the smart red and black striped shieldbug Graphosoma lineatum (widely known as the AC Milan Bug).

The red and black Tachinid fly Cylindromyia sp. was another interesting find, though perhaps not so appealing to

some. It also proved an excellent site for Orthoptera with bush crickets such as Rhacocleis germanica and

Eupholidoptera smyrnensis, and grasshoppers including Aiolopus thalassinus and the Slant-headed Grasshopper (Acrida

mediterranea). Botanically the most interesting finds were perhaps Marsh Mallow (Althaea officinalis), Italian Viper's

Bugloss or Lady Campbell Weed (Echium italicum), Cornelian Cherry (Cornus mas) and Christ's-Thorn (Paliurus

spina-cristi).

After a further ten minute drive we finally reached the remarkable famous hot springs at Rupite, where the water

temperature can reach 74°C. Apart from it's local appeal as a spa, the site is also famous for it's rich biodiversity.

In the course of our time here, the botanists were able to see Maltese Cross (Tribulus terrestris), Spanish Oyster

Thistle (Scolymus hispanicus), Stranglewort (Cynanchum acutum), Cuscuta campestris, Typha domingensis, Heliotropium

europeum, and Lavatera thuringiaca among many interesting species. Insects were again good, among them Freyer's

Grayling, Southern White Admiral and Swallowtail butterflies, Scarlet and Banded Darters and White-tailed

Skimmer dragonflies, the very attractive longhorn beetle species Chlorophorus varius, another nice bush-cricket

Tylopsis lilifolia, and an Assassin Bug Rhynocoris punctiventris. Another excellent moth species, though again only

seen by a couple, was The Four Spotted (Tyto luctuosa). Some of the insect species were impressively large

representatives of their groups, including the ant species Cremogaster scutellaris, the Mammoth Wasp (Megascolia

flavifrons) and the very large ant-lion Palpares libelluloides. The related but very rare Bubopsis andromache was an

excellent find here. Galls of the aphid Tetraneura nigriabdominalis on Elm were another very good find of a species



that is extremely rare in the UK. Marsh Frogs (Pelohylax ridibundus) were very vocal along the stream and much

photographed. The Caspian Terrapins were more challenging, diving into the water as anyone approached them.

Also in the water were shoals of the introduced Western Mosquito-fish (Gambusia affinis), whilst a Levant

Sparrowhawk overhead was a new bird for many, whilst other birds seen here included Buzzard, White Stork,

European Roller, Eastern Olivaceous and Eastern Orphean Wablers, Alpine Swift and Common Sandpiper.

These various finds were either side of our picnic lunch, which was supplemented by drinks from the café.

We left here at 3.50pm and drove to our final site for the day at Marena fishponds, which we reached at 4.15pm.

Several Crested Larks were seen on the journeys between sites. Here the plan was for the bus to drop us and we

would then walk through to pick it up at the other end. Unfortunately whilst some made the most of what

natural history the site had to offer, others were keen to get back to the bus. As such, although most saw Crested

Lark, Turtle Dove, Black-headed Bunting, Greek Tortoise, Humming-bird Hawk-moth and both Blue and Pale

Globe Thistles (Echinops banaticus and E.sphaerocephalus). Those who had made straight for the bus sadly missed

some good finds. Among these was an impressive number of Scarlet Darters, as well as Spotted Darter and a

splendid male Emperor Dragonfly, Wasp Spiders, a very large and striking Yellow Sac Spider (Cheiracanthium sp.)

and two equally imposing beetles, the Buprestid Capnodis tenebricosa and the Carabid Ditomus (=Dixus) obscurus.

The Bulgarian leaders took a lot of persuading to return to the bus as they were keen to find further dragonfly

species, in particular Black Pennant, in which they were unsuccessful. Despite this, we were still back at the hotel

on schedule at 6.30pm with dinner, also as planned, at 7.30pm. This was followed by a resumé of the main finds

of the day.

Day 3 Wednesday 19th July

Today was again hot, dry and sunny with a maximum temperature of 30°C. The 7am pre-breakfast walk was

taken by six of the group, who were rewarded with sightings of Cirl Bunting, Crag Martin and White Wagtail.

Great Spotted and Lesser Spotted Woodpeckers were heard. Al fresco breakfast at 8am was followed by another

prompt departure at 9am.

We then drove to Kresna Gorge, arriving at 10am. This is one of the best natural history sites in Bulgaria, though

threatened by a road development, which will be a tragedy. The site is justly famous for its rich biodiversity and it

is well worth spending time here, though on this occasion it was less productive than in some years. Even so

there was plenty of interest. Among the plants worthy of mention were more of the shrub Christ's-thorn (Paliurus

spina-cristi), Nettle Tree (Celtis australis), Dianthus gracilis, D.pinifolius, Centaurea salonitana var. macrantha, Consolida

regalis, Nigella elata and the house-leek species Jovibarba heuffelii. Unfortunately Amorpha fruticosa was not yet in

flower.

Butterflies seen here included Common and Hungarian Gliders, Common and Scarce Swallowtails, Southern

White Admiral and Small Copper, with Southern Skimmer, Small Pincertail and Beautiful Demoiselle among the

Odonata. An excellent moth find, though sadly seen by just a couple of the group, was The Geometrician

Grammodes stolida (=Prodotis). In contrast, a scorpion species found under bark and subsequently identified as

Euscorpius solegladi, was retained until all had seen it. Many of the leaves of nettle trees had on them galls caused

by the mite Reckella celtis, whilst also on the Nettle Trees were large numbers of the bug species Arocatus longiceps,

normally found on Plane trees. This species is a recent immigrant to the UK though it is spreading rapidly.



We left here at 12.35pm and drove to our lunch-stop above Illindentsi. Here Yellow-bellied Toads were in the

water trough, as usual. Marbled White and Eastern Wood White were among the butterflies on the slopes. A

neatly representative selection Orthoptera included the bush-cricket Bucephaloptera bucephala, the grasshopper

Calliptamus barbarus and the groundhopper Pezotettix giornae, never previously seen on this tour. The snail Zebrina

detrita also attracted the interest of several in the group, while plants of note included Scabiosa argentea, Centaurea

rutifolia and fruiting Periploca graeca. A pair of Lesser Kestrels was in residence, as is often the case, and for

comparison a Common Kestrel also put in an appearance.

Leaving here at 3pm and following a brief stop for fuel, drinks and ice creams, we then made a brief stop near

the village of Kulata where many were pleased with the opportunity to photograph a magnificent occupied nest

of White Stork. At 4.10pm we reached our final site for the day at Chuchuligovo near the Greek border. Here yet

another Southern Skimmer and a Banded Darter posed well for photographers. There was also another species

of Buprestid beetle in the genus Capnodis, this one being C.tenebrionis, whilst a very interesting find for anyone

with mycological interest was a large number of specimens of an unusual looking species of Tulostoma sp., an

interesting group of fungi, recently collectively given the common name of 'stalkballs'. What was really

remarkable was that these were growing on an enormous and very dry ant hill; a very surprising habitat. Two

specimens were collected and are now at the herbarium at Kew where at present the actual species remains

unidentified.

Other birds seen during the course of the day included Little Egret, Long-legged Buzzard, Bee-eaters, Black

Redstart, Blue Rock Thrush, Spotted Flycatcher and Spanish Sparrow.

After brief delays on our way back one, the first for a Hermann's Tortoise in the road and then for a group of

piglets similarly risking their lives, we returned to Melnik somewhat earlier than normal as several wanted to

explore the village while others wanted to start packing for the transfer day tomorrow. We reached the bottom

of the village at exactly 5.30pm, spot on target, so the group had ample time before dinner at 7pm, when were

joined by another Humming-bird Hawk-moth. At last a Kotschy's Gecko (Cyrtopodion kotschyi bibroni) put in an

appearance on the walls. This late addition to the day's list was again followed by a run-through of what had been

seen during the day and checking off on the lists before we then spent our last night in Melnik.

Day 4 Thursday 20th July

The weather today was again hot, dry and sunny, but the maximum temperature only reached 28°C. Our

imminent departure meant an even more depleted party for the pre-breakfast walk when Grey-headed

Woodpecker and Golden Oriole were the best of the birds seen. The curious little Plane Lacebug (Corythucha

ciliata) was found on the leaves of its host. This is another recent immigrant to the UK, which is spreading.

Following the Humming-bird Hawk-moth of the night before, we were joined at breakfast by a female Stag

Beetle that was photographed by many.

Despite the fact that this was the transfer day, so all bills had to be paid and the bus loaded with luggage, we

nonetheless again left bang on time at 9am. An exceptionally large number of House Martins were noticeable as

we drove through the village. At 9.15am we made a brief roadside stop at Khursovo, that actually kept to its 15-

minute schedule. Nonetheless this was time enough for several to photograph another obliging Banded Darter,

as well as a Small Blue-tailed Damselfly (Ischnura pumilio), our only sighting of this species in the week. Other



hoped-for species did not appear, but we were able to add Pennyroyal, Water Mint, Celery-leaved Buttercup,

Brooklime and Centaurea calcitrapa to the plant list.

Driving on, we reached our first scheduled stop of Novo Hozhovo at 9.45am. Here was another fine White

Stork nest with large youngsters that were much admired and photographed. Leaf mines of the micro-moth

Cameraria ohridella were a conspicuous feature on the Horse Chestnut leaves, as they are now throughout most of

the UK despite having only reached there in 2002. We were able to find one of the very pretty but tiny adult

moths. We then walked down a track to the river and then along the riverside, with a Common Whitethroat

quickly spotted. Butterflies were plentiful, among them Map, Large Copper, Marbled Skipper, Little Tiger Blue,

Painted Lady and Green-veined White. The best of the Dragonflies was a Scarce Chaser, found and well

photographed by Eric. Other insects were also impressive and included Praying Mantis, Rose Chafer, the large

Violet Carpenter Bee (Xylocopa violacea), the large and handsome beetle Trichodes crabroniformis, two attractive

Heteropteran bug species new to the ‘all time’ list for this tour Nysius senecionis and Beosus quadrimaculatus, as well

as the curious looking little bluish-colured Citrus Flatid Planthopper Metcalfa pruinosa. Plants included Cut-leaved

Teasel, and a fine representative selection of the mint family.

We left her at 11.55am and made a series of brief stops, the first to purchase fresh fruit, then to replenish water

supplies and twice for better views of different Short-toed Snake Eagles. Buzzards and Alpine Swifts were also

noted. The scenery was impressive but as we started to climb towards the pass, the vehicle was clearly struggling

and a fault meant that in order to cool the engine, hot air was being passed into the already hot interior of the

bus. Understandably this was uncomfortable and certainly not very popular, though necessary. All were relieved

when at 1.10pm we reached our lunch stop. Here the presence of Bracken and Birch indicated acidity, yet Beech

trees also seemed to be flourishing. Galls caused by the larvae of two different host-specific fly species Hartigiola

annulipes and Mikiola fagi were present on a few of the leaves. Also here was the fly species Tachina fera, Rutpela

maculata, a familiar longhorn beetle from the UK, the burnet moth Zygaena ephialtes and a good number of Queen

of Spain Fritillary butterflies, that seemed particularly partial to Rosebay Willowherb.

With lunch completed, we drove on for another 15 kilometres to our scheduled stop at the Popovi Livadi Pass,

which we reached at 2.15pm. The walk here is always very productive and this year was no exception. Among a

wealth of good plants, those which attracted particular attention were Spreading Bellflower, Creeping Jenny, Hay

Rattle (Rhinanthus javorkae), Nepeta pannonica, Gentiana cruciata, Potentilla cinerea and the impressive thistle Cirsium

ligulare. Our first orchid species, some nice Common Spotted Orchids, were quickly followed by a colony of

some beautiful specimens of Red Helleborine. Near to this was a single plant of a puzzling Epipactis species, the

location of which meant it proved as challenging to get good images, as it was to identify. Eventually back in the

UK this was identified with help from the images as Small-leaved Helleborine (Epipactis microphylla). This was an

addition to the all time list for the tour and for all UK members of the group. Fine specimens of the large

bracket fungus Fomes fomentarius, at one time confined to Scotland in the UK but now spreading with several

records from SE England, were also noteworthy. The butterflies here are always good and among a good variety

this year included some that were on the target list for several of the party. Among those seen were Apollo, the

curious and distinctive Nettle-tree, Meleager's Blue, Higgin's Anomalous Blue, Turquoise Blue, Great Banded

Grayling, Arran Brown, Knapweed Fritillary, High Brown Fritillary and Dark Green Fritillary. A pristine, recently

emerged Sombre Goldenring dragonfly obligingly posed for photographs for all-comers. At the other extreme,

the attractive little Blue Shieldbug and the crab spider species Thomisus onistus was also admired, whilst those who



were under the illusion that all aphids were either greenfly or blackfly were introduced to Pink-Tansy Aphid

Metopeurum fuscoviride on its host plant. Like most of this large insect group, it is host specific.

Leaving here somewhat reluctantly for many, we returned to the bus and continued our journey. It was not long

before the tall, and appropriately named Candelabra Thistle (Cirsium candelabrum), was spotted by the roadside.

This often grows near where we had stopped but was not apparent there this year. As it was still very hot on the

bus, we made a fifteen-minute stop at some services for complementary ice creams. Our final stop for the day

should have been at the Gotse Delchev fishponds. Unfortunately this site had been wrecked by devastating

floods that had surged through earlier in the year, so it was no longer safely accessible. This did undoubtedly cost

us some species that we might have expected. On the other hand it did mean that we reached our base for the

remainder of the week at Hotel Dumanov in the large ski resort of Bansko at 5.30pm, significantly earlier than in

previous years. As it was becoming apparent that many in the group preferred shorter days in the field than has

been the norm in the past, that was perhaps no bad thing! It left people plenty of time to unpack or explore

before our usual evening meal time of 7pm. It was pleasantly cooler here and our excellent evening meal was

eaten outside, followed as usual by the day's log.

Day 5 Friday 21st July

Today the weather was very pleasant, fine, dry and sunny with a maximum temperature of 24°C. Being in the

centre of a busy town does not lend itself to a meaningful pre-breakfast walk and past experience has shown this

to be of little merit. Nonetheless, for those willing to take advantage of the opportunities, there was the

compensation in that it is always remarkable how many moths and other insects are attracted overnight to lit

balconies. Moth species this morning included Riband Wave, Scorched Carpet, Brown-line Bright-eye, Four-

spotted Footman and Pine Hawk-moth, all of which occur in the UK, as well as a bush-cricket Poecilimon

thoracicus, a chafer beetle (Amphimallon sp.) and a caddis species, none of which were UK species. These were all

shown to those who were interested and photographed by several before then being released.

Breakfast was at 8am and yet again we were punctual in our departure at 9am, which was good as we had quite a

distance to travel. Birds seen on our journeys during the day included Little Egret, Grey Heron, Kestrel and

Hoopoe, whilst Smoke Bush (Cotinus cogyria) was also noticed. Eventually passing through the village of Rila

(where there were large numbers of White Stork nests) and beyond Rila Monastery, we arrived at Kirilova

Polyana in the Rila National Park.

On the boundary wall of the restaurant compound was Common Polypody Fern, whilst on the wall of the

building itself was another excellent moth Arctia flava, a rare species that we do not have in Britain but is related

to our Garden Tiger Moth. From here we walked slowly up the ascending wooded trail, noting the species as we

went. The plant diversity was impressive and included Digitalis viridiflora, Campanula moesiaca (in two colour

forms), Potentilla regis-borisii, Scabiosa lucida, Senecio hercynicus, Carduus scardicus, Prenanthes purpurea, Tanacetum

macrophyllum, Telekia speciosa, Wood Cow-wheat, Wood and Bloody Cranesbills, Broad-leaved Helleborine, and

Common Spotted and Bird's-nest Orchids. Not all managed to see the Red Squirrel. Insects were also excellent

with the pick of the butterflies being Scotch Argus, Silver-washed Fritillary, Large Ringlet and many Purple

Emperors (including a fine male that posed well for the photographers). Three day-flying Burnet moths Zygaena

loti, Z.ephialtes and Z.angelicae as well as a Phoenix added to the moth list. No fewer than four longhorn beetles



were noted Rutpela maculata, Stenurella semipunctata, Stictoleptura rubra and Pachytodes cerambyciformis, as well as our

only Bee Chafer of the week, this last species when we were nearly back at the restaurant.

Here most of us enjoyed a trout lunch as a change from our usual lunchtime fare, with chicken or a vegetarian

option also on offer. A Dipper was in the river. We then spent a short while in the flower-rich meadows though

the most noteworthy plant added was Dusky Cranesbill or Mourning Widow Geranium phaeum. Butterflies were

again plentiful with Marbled White especially numerous, but with Black-veined White, Wood White, Balkan

Copper, Idas and False Eros Blues, Large Wall, Marbled Fritillary and more Silver-washed Fritillary also seen. A

specimen of the beautiful Macaronius Owlfly Libelloides macaronius was seen by a few, while an unusually coloured

form of Woodland Grasshopper (Omocestus rufipes), a picture-wing fly Oxyna flavipennis [Tephritidae] and a sawfly

Tenthredo zonula were caught and shown to those near at hand, some of whom photographed them before their

release.

We then drove back to the monastery where the group had an hour and a half to explore this and the excellent

museum. As always, there was another good selection of moths on the walls including on this occasion Common

Footman, Light Emerald, Mottled Beauty, Snout, Small Phoenix, The Fern and Brussels Lace, the last somewhat

localised in the UK and sadly rather inaccessible to photograph well here. Also on the wall was a harvestman,

subsequently identified as Phalangium opilio. Wall Rue fern was prolific here. Pallid Swifts were wheeling overhead

and one member of the group even managed to photograph one clinging high up on the wall.

We left here at 4.50pm and were back at the hotel at 6.30pm. As this was later than scheduled, we pushed dinner

back to 7.30pm, and this was followed by checking off the list of species seen in the day, which was completed

by 9.30pm.

Day 6 Saturday 22nd July

The weather was very pleasant today with a maximum temperature of 28°C, but cooler at Bezbog. Moths at light

comprised a number of species that had also been seen the previous morning plus a few new ones. Least Carpet

(Idaea rusticata), Small Emerald (Hemistola chrysoprasaria), Purple Marbled (Eublemma ostrina) all occur in the UK

though the last is only a rare migrant, with Calymma communimacula and the micro Ephelis cruentalis both species

unknown and unlikely in Britain. A longhorn beetle was eventually identified as Axinopalpis gracilis, another

species new to the all time list for this tour and one that is apparently not often photographed.

Following breakfast, our departure for the day was yet again punctual at 9am. Today we only had a comparatively

short distance to travel to the Gotse Delchev mountain hut (1412 metres). We were there by 9.30am and with

picnic lunches distributed, we were ready for the two-stage chairlift ascent to the Bezbog Lake at 2240 metres. By

10.15am (a record for this tour!) the last of the group had reached the top and we set off to walk through in this

superb mountain setting. Bezbog means 'Godforsaken' but the scenery is majestic. Some of the group just

wanted to walk on up to the higher lake (with two of these later walking down all the way as well rather than

taking the chairlift). Two others went back down on the chairlift fairly soon as they decided they were in need of

a more substantial lunch! Others enjoyed the rich alpine flora and butterflies in particular. Among the many

plants we were able to see here were Gem coccineum, Doronicum austriacum, Centaurea nervosa, Veratrum album,

Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Epilobium nutans, Campanula alpina, Gentiana pyrenaica, Saxifraga stellaris, S.rotundifolia,

Scrophularia scopolii, Euphrasia minima, Viola biflora and endemics such as Jasione bulgarica, Dianthus microlepis, and



Pinguicula balcanica (the last sadly not flowering). Among the ferns were Brittle Bladder Fern, Oak Fern, Holly

Fern and Moonwort, a particularly good find. Fontinalis antipyretica, Philonotis fontana, two species of Sphagnum and

several other species provided some bryological interest. Birds were few though Raven, Nutcracker, Linnet and

Dunnock were among those seen, the last three of these additional sightings for the week.

A number of interesting butterfly species are to be found at this altitude and on this occasion these included

Balkan Fritillary, Nicholl's Ringlet, Ottoman Brassy Ringlet, Bright-eyed Ringlet, Large Ringlet and Eastern Large

Heath. Around the lake were Common Hawker, Yellow-winged Darter and Four-spotted Chaser dragonflies, as

well as a large black horsefly Hybomitra caucasica. A Common Frog was clearly quite at home at this altitude

(though it clearly petrified a young girl who saw it) whilst shoals of Minnows were in the water. A sadly dead

Convolvulus Hawk-moth was seen near the buildings.

The group assembled at the top of the chairlift at 4pm and by 4.35pm we were all down. We then made our way

to some meadows above Dobrinishte, which we reached at 4.45pm. Of the many plants noted Allium carinatum,

Silene armeria and Lotus angustissimus were additions to the week's list. Butterflies were less good than in some years

though Silver-spotted Skipper, Balkan, Scarce and Sooty Coppers and Small Tortoiseshell were among those

seen, the last remarkably the only sighting all week. A Purple-barred Yellow was a pretty addition to the moth list

for the year, while the bush-cricket Broughtonia arnoldi was another addition to the all time list for this tour. Several

specimens of the attractive Oak Spider (Aculepeira ceropegia) attracted the attention of the photographers. Also

attractive but significantly smaller were two plant hopper species, the sexually dimorphic Cicadella viridis and the

yellow and black Evacanthus interruptus. Two larger Heteropteran bugs here were Melanocoryphus albomaculatus and

Deraeocoris rutilus.

We were joined on the bus by a few horseflies, which were caught and identified as Atylotus fulvus, Tabanus bromius

and T.tergestinus, then safely released. The stragglers in the group were finally back on the bus at 5.45pm and as

we were therefore again a little late back at the hotel, albeit only 13 minutes, dinner was pushed back to 7.15pm.

All seemed to have enjoyed the day in their own ways. With dinner and subsequent lists completed by 9.15pm,

most were content to call it a day and retire.

Day 7 Sunday 23rd July

Today was mostly sunny with a maximum temperature of 27°C. New moths overnight were Dunbar, Toadflax

Brocade, Rose Plume (Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla) and Codling Moth in addition to several seen previously. As

usual, these were brought down at breakfast time for people to see and photograph if they wished prior to the

insects being released into vegetation.

Our punctuality in departure maintained and we drove to the mountain hut at Banderitsa (1785 metres) arriving

at 9.30am. From here we walked along the roadside to Vihren mountain hut at 1950 metres. A Red Squirrel was

seen soon after we set out. The flora here was excellent and included choice plants such as Allium flavum,

A.sphaerocephalon, Erigeron atticus, Bupleurum sibthorpianum, Lamium garganicum, Scutellaria alpina, Sedum grisebachii,

Daphne oleoides, Teucrium montanum, T.chamaedrys, Dianthus petraeus, D.gigantaeformis, Polygala major, Rosa pendulina,

Asynema canescens, Scorzonera purpurea, Grass of Parnassus (Parnassia palustris), Red Helleborine (Cephalanthera rubra),

Broad-leaved Helleborine (Epipactis helleborine) and Dark Red Helleborine (Epipactis atrorubens). A large clump of

Purple Reed Grass (Calamagrostis arundinacea) proved remarkably popular as a photographic subject.



Birders had excellent views of Nutcracker, Ring Ouzel and Red Crossbill, with several getting good photographs

at close range. Nuthatch, Treecreeper, and Serin were also seen. A good range of butterfly species were seen,

among them Large Grizzled Skipper, Turquoise Blue, Holly Blue, False Eros Blue, Osiris Blue, Pearl-bordered

Fritillary, Ringlet and Ottoman Brassy Ringlet. Day-flying moths included the beautiful Speckled Yellow with the

wonderful scientific name Pseudopanthera macularia, Drab Looper (Minoa murinata) and a probable Typhonia ciliaris

(one of the group called bagworms).

At one point on the way up the Rowans were looking distinctly yellow and closer examination showed that the

leaves were festooned with the rust fungus Gymnosporangium cornutum. This species alternates hosts between

Rowan and Juniper. It is common in Scotland but unknown in Southern England since the two hosts do not

grow together there.

By 12.45pm we had all reached the Vihren hut. The road on the way up had been getting increasingly busy with

cars parked all the way along the verge. This is becoming a problem at weekends due to the popularity of this

place with locals (a potential problem for any of the sites that we visit on the second half of the week, so for the

future it is hoped to alter the dates to avoid this). It was so bad this year that the police were preventing all but a

few authorised vehicles from coming up. Although our Bulgarian friends had made arrangements for our lunch

provisions to be sent up so we could at least eat these at the mountain hut, our bus was stuck at the bottom and

unable to come up and collect us as had been planned. Hence after eating our lunches we thus had no option but

to walk back down.

Unfortunately, in complete contrast to some years, the walls around the buildings at Vihren were virtually devoid

of moths and there was nothing new. A large cranefly with spotted wings was the most noteworthy insect. This

was subsequently identified from images as either Tipula montana or T.scripta. An impressive longhorn beetle,

apparently Anastrangalia sanguinolenta was found nearby. Some of the group wanted to go up further before the

walk down, whilst others were keen to set off back down. Before doing so, a few investigated a small gulley

nearby with a fine colony of Forked Spleenwort

As people arrived back at Banderitsa, a few took advantage of the drinks etc on sale whilst others pottered,

looking at insects etc. As in Britain, Umbellifer flowers are always a good draw for these, with Hogweed

especially favoured and here the related Heracleum sibiricum was clearly highly popular with Common Soldier

Beetles, a few longhorn beetles and large numbers of bees and flies taking full advantage of them. Among the

flies was an impressive and attractively coloured horsefly Philipomyia aprica and several hoverfly species including

Chrysotoxum festivum, Scaeva pyrasti, Volucella pellucens, Eristalis pertinax and E.tenax.

All members of the group were back by 4pm and we then drove down to some meadows above Bansko, which

we reached at 4.25pm. Here Ringlet, Peacock, Comma and Large Blue butterflies were noted before the weather

became noticeably cooler, overcast and squally, preceding a sharp shower and distant thunder. Although this

came no nothing, most were keen to return to the bus and this meant we were back at the hotel early at 5.40pm.

We therefore reverted to our 7pm dinner followed by a final run through of the species seen, together with the

individual highlights of the week.



Day 8 Monday 24th July

Today was fine and dry after some overnight rain, with a maximum temperature of 27°C. The selection of moths

overnight included only one new species, the Meal Moth, Pyralis farinalis. We were scheduled to depart at 8.30am

to begin our journey back to Sofia and once more we left on time. Birds seen on our journey were diligently

noted as always. We made a brief fuel and comfort stop where it had also been agreed would be a good

opportunity for photographs.

The expectation was that we would make one further stop at some services close to Sofia where people would be

able to purchase what they wanted for lunch. However we had a late change 48 kilometres from Sofia when the

coach pulled off at Pancharevo Lake where there was also a large restaurant. Our two Bulgarian leaders

disappeared and made a reservation for lunch. We spent some time around the lake and added Mallard and Coot

to the bird list, as well as plants such as Marsh Horsetail, Skullcap, Gipsywort, Great Willow-herb and Common

Water Plantain. A pristine Brown Hairstreak was the best of the butterflies but disappointingly, there were no

new dragonflies or damselflies. Unfortunately not all were happy about the change of plan and nor did really

want the subsequent substantial meal, which seemed to take an inordinate amount of time.

We left at 12.47pm, arriving at the airport at 1.15pm for our 2.30pm flight. We boarded at 2.07pm but the

aircraft then sat on the tarmac and it was not until 2.54pm that we took off. Nonetheless after a smooth flight,

we arrived back at Heathrow 15 minutes ahead of schedule. All baggage was safely recovered and having said our

final farewells at the carousel the group dispersed to their various final destinations.

Acknowledgements

My thanks to all members of the group for their many contributions to the lists, whether during the tour or

subsequently via many images. Thanks also to my Bulgarian co-leaders Stoyan and Yordan (Dancho), for their

excellent guidance, as well as to Stoyan for his phenomenal knowledge of the Lepidopteran fauna and Dancho

for all his efforts with the birds and dragonflies. Thanks also to our careful driver and those staff in the hotels

who did their best for us.

I must also thank my good friend Dr. Dimitar Dimotrov (also known as Mitko) for help with some plant queries

and Dr. Dragan Chobonov (Orthoptera), these two from the Natural History Museum in Sofia where they are

colleagues of Stoyan, who of course provided butterfly identifications as well as many of the moths. Birds,

dragonflies and damselflies were all confirmed by Yordan Kutsarov (Dancho). I am also very grateful to the

following contacts from various countries for assistance in identification or in checking my own identifications

for various groups: Bob Dransfield (Aphid Gall), Ábrahám Levente (Neuroptera), 'Discoelius' (Spain), Rapha1

(France), Christian Schmid-Egger and Henrik Piros (various Hymenoptera), Theo Zeegers, Mihailo Vujic, Roger

Thomason and John Kramer (various Diptera), Barış Çerçi, Sheila Brooke (some Hemiptera), Michelle

Carraretto, Giorgio Pezzi, Gabriele Franzini (various Coleoptera), Victor Fet (Scorpion) and Ian Dawson (some

spiders).



Species Lists

Birds (=recorded but not counted; h = heard only)

July

Common name Scientific name 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

1 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

2 White Stork Ciconia ciconia

3 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea

4 Little Egret Egretta garzetta

5 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo

6 Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus

7 Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes

8 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus

9 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo

10 Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus

11 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus

12 Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni

13 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus

14 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra

15 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius

16 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

17 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus

18 European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur

19 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto

20 Little Owl Athene noctua

21 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba

22 Common Swift Apus apus

23 Pallid Swift Apus pallidus

24 European Roller Coracias garrulus

25 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster

26 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops

27 Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor h

28 Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major h h

29 Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus h

30 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio

31 Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator

32 Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus

33 Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius

34 Eurasian Magpie Pica pica

35 Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes h

36 Hooded Crow Corvus cornix

37 Northern Raven Corvus corax h

38 Willow Tit Poecile montanus

39 Coal Tit Periparus ater

40 Great Tit Parus major

41 Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus

42 Crested Lark Galerida cristata

43 Shore Lark Eremophila alpestris

44 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

45 Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris

46 Common House Martin Delichon urbicum



July


47 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica

48 Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus

49 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita

50 Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus

51 Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida

52 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla

53 Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca

54 Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis

55 Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla

56 Goldcrest Regulus regulus h

57 Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea

58 Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris

59 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris

60 Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus

61 Common Blackbird Turdus merula

62 Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus

63 European Robin Erithacus rubecula

64 Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos h

65 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros

66 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius

67 Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata

68 Semi-collared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata

69 White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus

70 House Sparrow Passer domesticus

71 Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis

72 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus

73 Dunnock Prunella modularis

74 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea

75 White Wagtail Motacilla alba

76 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs

77 European Serin Serinus serinus

78 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris

79 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis

80 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina

81 Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra

82 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula

83 Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothrauste

84 Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra

85 Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella

86 Rock Bunting Emberiza cia

87 Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus

88 Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala

Mammals

1 Lesser White-toothed Shrew Crocidura suaveolens †

2 European Mole Talpa europaea †

3 Red Squirrel Sciurus vulgaris

4 mouse sp. [not identified]



July


Reptiles/Amphibians

1 Spur-thighed Tortoise Testudo graeca

2 Hermann's Tortoise Testudo hermanni

3 European Pond Terrapin Emys orbicularis

4 Caspian Terrapin Mauremys caspica

5 Kotschy's Gecko Cyrtopodion kotschyi bibroni

6 Sand Lizard Lacerta agilis

7 Green Lizard Lacerta viridis †

8 Grass Snake Natrix natrix †

9 Yellow-bellied Toad Bombina variegata

10 Common Frog Rana temporaria

11 Marsh Frog Pelohylax (Rana) ridibundus

Fish

1 Western Mosquito-fish Gambusia affinis

2 Common Minnow Phoxinus phoxinus

Butterflies

1 Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus malve

2 Large Grizzled Skipper Pyrgus alveus

3 Orbed Red-Underwing Skipper Spialia orbifer

4 Mallow Skipper Carcharodus alceae

5 Marbled Skipper Carcharodus lavatherae

6 Oriental Marbled Skipper Carcharodes orientalis

7 Dingy Skipper Erynnis tages

8 Essex Skipper Thymelicus lineola

9 Small Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris

10 Large Skipper Ochlodes sylvanus (=venatus)

11 Apollo Parnassius apollo

12 Swallowtail Papilio machaon

13 Scarce Swallowtail Iphiclides podalirius

14 Small White Artogeia rapae

15 Southern Small white Artogeia mannii

16 Green-veined White Artogeia napi (inc balcanica)

17 Eastern Bath White Pontia edusa

18 Black-veined White Aporia crataegi

19 Large White Pieris brassicae

20 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea

21 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni

22 Wood White Leptidea sinapis

23 Eastern Wood White Leptidea duponcheli

24 Brown Hairstreak Thecla betulae

25 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas

26 Scarce Copper Lycaena virgaureae

27 Sooty Copper Lycaena tityrus

28 Large Copper Lycaena dispar

29 Balkan Copper Lycaena candens



July


30 Lesser Fiery Copper Lycaena thersamon

31 Little Tiger Blue Tarucus balkanicus

32 Lang's Short-tailed Blue Leptotes pirithous

33 Short-tailed Blue Cupido argiades

34 Osiris Blue Cupido osiris

35 Holly Blue Celastrina argiolus

36 Large Blue Maculinea arion

37 Idas Blue Plebeius idas

38 Brown Argus Aricia agestis

39 Mazarine Blue Cyaniris semiargus

40 Turquoise Blue Plebicula dorylas

41 Meleager’s Blue Meleageria daphnis

42 Chalk-hill Blue Lysandra coridon

43 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus

44 False Eros Blue Polyommatus eroides

45 Higgins' Anomalous Blue Polyommatus nephohiptamenos

46 Purple Emperor Apatura iris

47 Southern White Admiral Limenitis reducta

48 Hungarian Glider Neptis rivilaris

49 Common Glider Neptis sappho

50 Peacock Butterfly Inachis io

51 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta

52 Painted Lady Vanessa cardui

53 Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae

54 Comma Butterfly Polygonia c-album

55 Map Butterfly Araschnia levana

56 Cardinal Pandoriana pandora

57 Silver-washed Fritillary Argynis paphia

58 Dark Green Fritillary Argynnis aglaja

59 High Brown Fritillary Argynnis adippe

60 Niobe Fritillary Argynnis niobe

61 Queen of Spain Fritillary Issoria lathonia

62 Marbled Fritillary Brenthis daphne

63 Balkan Fritillary Boloria graeca balcanica

64 Pearl-bordered Fritillary Boloria euphrosyne

65 Knapweed Fritillary Melitaea phoebe

66 Spotted Fritillary Melitaea didyma

67 Lesser Spotted Fritillary Melitaea trivia

68 Marbled White Melanargia galathea

69 Great Banded Grayling Hipparchia (=Kanetisa) circe

70 Freyer’s Grayling Neohipparchia fatua

71 Scotch Argus Erebia aethiops

72 Arran Brown Erebia ligea

73 Large Ringlet Erebia euryale

74 Nicholl's Ringlet Erebia rhodopensis

75 Ottoman Brassy Ringlet Erebia ottomana

76 Bright-eyed Ringlet Erebia oeme

77 Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina

78 Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus



July


79 Gatekeeper Pyronia tithonus

80 Chestnut Heath Coenonympha glycerion

81 Eastern Large Heath Coenonympha rhodopensis

82 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus

83 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria

84 Wall Brown Lasiommata megera

85 Northern Wall Brown Lasiommata petropolitana

86 Large Wall Brown Lasiommata maera

87 Nettle Tree butterfly Libythea celtis

Moths

1 a Clearwing Moth sp Chamaesphecia empiformis

2 Red-tipped Clearwing Synanthedon formicaeformis

3 Humming-bird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum

4 Pine Hawk-moth Sphinx pinastri

5 Convolvulus Hawk-moth Agrius convolvuli

6 Zygaena angelicae

7 Black Burnet Moth Zygaena ephialtes

8 6-spot Burnet Zygaena filipendulae

9 Bloodword Burnet Moth Zygaena laeta

10 Slender Scotch Burnet Zygaena loti

11 Narrow-bordered 5-spot Burnet Zygaena lonicerae

12 Common Forester Adscita statices

13 Arctia flava

14 Common Footman Eilerna lurideola

15 Four Spotted Footman Lithosia quadra

16 Calymma communimacula

17 Snout Hypena proboscidalis

18 Mottled Beauty Alcis repandata

19 Light Emerald Campaea margaritata

20 Brussels Lace Cleorodes lichenaria

21 Small Phoenix Ecliptopera silaceata

22 Phoenix Eulithis prunata

23 Small Emerald Hemistola chrysoprasaria

24 The Fern Horisme tersata

25 Small Waved Umber Horisme vitalbata

26 Riband Wave Idaea aversata

27 Bright Wave Idaea ochrata

28 Least Carpet Idaea rusticate

29 Treble Brown-spot Idaea trigeminata

30 Scorched Carpet Ligdia adustata

31 Purple-barred Yellow Lythria purpuraria

32 Drab Looper Minoa murinata

33 Speckled Yellow Pseudopanthera macularia

34 Sub-angled Wave Scopula nigropunctata

35 Tawny Wave Scopula rubiginata

36 Shaded Broad Bar Scotopteryx chenopodiata

37 Blood-vein Timandra comae

38 Dark Arches Apameae monoglypha



July


39 Silver Y Autographa gamma

40 Toadflax Brocade Calophasia lunula

41 Dunbar Cosmia trapezina

42 Cryphia amasina

43 Bird's Wing Dypterygia scabriuscula

44 Earias vernana

45 Purple Marbled Eublemma ostrina

46 Beautiful Marbled Eublemma purpurina

47 The Geometrician Grammodes stolida (=Prodotis)

48 Brown-line Bright-eye Mythimna conigera

49 The Four-spotted Tyto luctuosa

50 Nettle-tap Anthophila fabriciana

51 Horse-Chestnut Leaf miner Cameraria ohridella

52 Rose Plume Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla

53 Codling Cydia pomonella

54 Emmelina monodactyla

55 Ephelis cruentalis

56 Thistle Ermine Myelois circumvoluta

57 Meal Moth Pyralis farinalis

58 Long-legged Tabby Synaphe punctalis

59 Typhonia ciliaris

60 Udea olivalis

Dragonflies & Damselflies

1 Banded Demoiselle Calopteryx splendens

2 Beautiful Demoiselle Calopteryx virgo

3 Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura elegans

4 Scarce Blue-tailed Damselfly Ischnura pumilio

5 Small Red-eyed Damselfly Erythromma viridulum

6 White-legged Damselfly Platycnemis pennipes

7 Southern Hawker Aeshna cyanea

8 Common Hawker Aeshna juncea

9 Emperor Dragonfly Anax imperator

10 Small Pincertail Onychogomphus forcipatus

11 Sombre Goldenring Cordulegaster bidentata

12 White-tailed Skimmer Orthetrum albistylum

13 Black-tailed Skimmer Orthetrum cancellatum

14 Keeled Skimmer Orthetrum coerulescens

15 Southern Skimmer Orthetrum brunneum

16 Banded Darter Sympetrum pedemontanum

17 Yellow-winged Darter Sympetrum flaveolum

18 Red-veined Darter Sympetrum fonscolombii

19 Spotted Darter Sympetrum depressiusculum

20 Scarlet Darter Crocothemis erythraea

21 Broad-bodied Chaser Libellula depressa

22 Scarce Chaser Libellula fulva

23 Four-spotted Chaser Libellula quadrimaculata



July


Ephemeroptera (Mayflies)

1 small mayfly sp.

Neuroptera (Lacewings, Ant-lions etc)

1 a green lacewing sp. Chrysoperla carnea agg.

2 Large Mottle-winged Ant-lion Palpares libelluloides

3 an Ant-lion sp. Creolon plumbeus

4 Macaronius Owlfly Libelloides macaronius

5 an Ant-lion sp. Myrmecaelurus trigrammus

6 Bubopsis andromache

Mecoptera (Scorpion Flies etc)

1 a Scorpion Fly Panorpa germanica

Dermaptera (Earwigs)

1 Common Earwig Forficula auricularia

Orthoptera (Grasshoppers & Crickets)

1 Broughtonia arnoldi

2 Bucephaloptera bucephala

3 a bush-cricket sp Eupholidoptera smyrnensis

4 a bush-cricket sp Poecilimon thoracicus.

5 a bush-cricket sp Tylopsis lilifolia

6 Slant-headed Grasshopper Acrida mediterranea

7 Aiolopus thalassinus

8 a grasshopper sp. Calliptamus barbarus

9 Blue-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens

10 Woodland Grasshopper Omocestes rufipes

11 a bush-cricket sp. Rhacocleis germanica

12 Large Mountain Grasshopper Stauroderus scalaris

13 a groundhopper sp Pezotettix giornae

14 a groundhopper sp. Tetrix depressa (=Uvarovitettix)

Dictyoptera (Mantids & Cockroaches)

1 Praying Mantis Mantis religiosa

Hemiptera (Bugs)

1 Adelphocoris seticornis

2 Adelphocoris vandalicus

3 Bishop's Mitre Aelia acuminata

4 Ancyrosoma leucogrammes

5 [fam: Alydidae] Arocatus longiceps

6 Beosus quadrimaculatus

7 a Shieldbug sp Carpocoris mediterraneus

8 Common Squash-bug / Dock Bug Coreus marginatus

9 Plane Lacebug Corythucha ciliata



July


10 Deraeoceris rutilus

11 Hairy Shieldbug / Sloe Bug Dolycoris baccarum

12 Brassica Bug Eurydema oleracea

13 Ornate Shieldbug Eurydema ornata

14 AC Milan Bug Graphosoma lineatum (= italicum)

15 Lygaeus equestris

16 Melanocoryphus albomaculatus

17 Megalonotus emarginatus

18 Metopoplax fuscinervis

19 a very large Shieldbug sp Mustha spinosula

20 Nysius senecionis

21 a spotted Shieldbug sp Psacasta exanthematica

22 Rhopalus parumpunctatus

23 an Assassin Bug Rhynocoris punctiventris

24 a Tortoise bug sp Sciocoris sp cf cursitans

25 Pied Shieldbug Tritomegas bicolor (=Sehirus)

26 Blue Shieldbug Zicrona caerulea

27 a Cicada Cicada orni

28 a 'froghopper' sp. Cicadella viridis

29 Evacanthus interruptus

30 Citrus Flatid Planthopper [fam: Flatidae] Metcalfa pruinosa

31 Black Bean Aphid on Dog Daisy Aphis fabae

32 Pink Tansy Aphid Metopeurum fuscoviride

33 as gall on Ulmus sp Tetraneura nigriabdominalis

Thysanoptera (Thrips)

1 Dog Daisy Thrips Haplothrips leucanthemi

Diptera (Two-winged Flies)

1 a Horsefly sp. [fam: Tabanidae] Atylotus fulvus

2 a Hoverfly [fam: Syrphidae] Chrysotoxum festivum

3 a red & black Tachinid fly Cylindromyia sp ?

4 Marmalade Fly Episyrphus balteatus

5 a hoverfly sp. [fam: Syrphidae] Eristales pertinax

6 Drone-fly [fam: Syrphidae] Eristales tenax

7 as gall on Fagus sylvatica Hartigiola annulipes

8 a Horsefly sp. [fam: Tabanidae] Hybomitra caucasica

9 Chloropid fly as gall on Phragmites Lipara lucens

10 as gall on Fagus sylvatica Mikiola fagi

11 a picturewing fly [Tephritidae] Oxyna flavipennis

12 [fam: Tachinidae] Phasia hemiptera

13 a Horsefly sp. [fam: Tabanidae] Philipomyia aprica

14 Pied Hoverfly Scaeva pyrastri

15 Band-eyed Brown Horsefly Tabanus bromius

16 Downland Horsefly Tabanus glaucopis

17 a Horsefly sp. [fam: Tabanidae] Tabanus tergestinus

18 [fam: Tachinidae] Tachina fera

19 a cranefly sp [Tipulidae] Tipula montana / scripta



July


20 a Hoverfly [fam: Syrphidae] Volucella inanis

21 a Hoverfly [fam: Syrphidae] Volucella pellucens

Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps etc)

1 a Potter Wasp sp. Ancistrocerus cf gazelle

2 Honey Bee Apis mellifera

3 Red-tailed Bumblebee Bombus lapidaries

4 Buff-tailed Bumblebee Bombus terrestris

5 a large ant species Cremogaster scutellaris

6 a Spider-hunting Wasp sp. [fam: Pompilidae] Cryptocheilus alternatus

7 Pea-gall on Rosa sp Diplolepis nervosa

8 as Robin's Pincushion Gall Diplolepis rosae

9 a Potter Wasp sp. Eumenes sp.

10 as larval gall on Salix Eupontania viminalis

11 Wood Ant Formica sp

12 Black Garden Ant Lasius niger

13 Mammoth Wasp [fam:Scoliidae] Megascolia flavifrons

14 a sawfly sp. Tenthredo zonula

15 Violet Carpenter Bee Xylocopa violacea

Coleoptera (Beetles)

1 Green Tiger Beetle Cicindela campestris

2 Ditomus (=Dixus) obscurus

3 Stag Beetle Lucanus cervus

4 7-Spot Ladybird Coccinella 7-punctata

5 Orange Ladybird Halyzia sedecimguttata

6 Capnodis tenebricosa

7 Capnodis tenebrionis

8 Rose Chafer Cetonia aurata

9 Geotrupes stercorarius

10 Cetonia cuprea

11 Bee Chafer Trichius fasciatus

12 a flower chafer Oxythyrea funesta

13 a chafer Amphmallon sp. cf. majale

14 Trichodes apiarius

15 Trichodes crabroniformis

16 Common Soldier Beetle Rhagonycha fulva

17 [fam: Meloidae] Oenas crassicornis

18 Mint Leaf Beetle [ fam: Chrysomelidae] Chrysolina menthastri

19 Clytra laeviuscula

20 Clytra quadripunctata

21 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Anastrangalia sanguinolenta

22 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Axinopalpus gracilis

23 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Chlorophorus varius

24 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Monochamus galloprovincialis

25 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Pachytodes cerambyciformis

26 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Purpuricenus budensis

27 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Rutpela (=Strangalia) maculata



July


28 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Stenurella semipunctata

29 a longhorn beetle sp [Cerambycidae] Stictoleptura rubra

30 a large weevil sp. Lixus sp cf angustatus/ algira

Arachnida (Spiders etc)

1 Oak Spider Aculepeira ceropegia

2 a funnel-web spider Agalena labyrinthica

3 Garden Spider Araneus diadematus

4 Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi

5 Yellow Sac Spider Cheiracanthium sp.

6 a crab spider Misumenia vatia

7 Nursery-web Spider Pisaura mirabilis

8 Thomisus onustus

9 a harvestman sp Dicranopalpus ramosus

10 a harvestman sp Phalangium opilio

11 a scorpion sp Euscorpius solegladi

12 as galls with mites on Walnut lvs Aceria erinea

13 as galls with mites on Sycamore Aceria macrorhyncha

14 as gall on Alnus glutinosa Aceria nalepai

15 as gall on Vitis vinifera Colomeris vitis

16 as gall on Alnus glutinosa Eriophyes laevis

17 as gall on Celtis australis Reckella celtis

Myriapoda (Millipedes & Centipedes)

1 Mediterranean Banded Centipede Scolopendra cingulata

Mollusca (Snails, slugs etc.)

1 Cepaea vindabonensis

2 a Snail sp. Helix lucorum

3 Zebrina detrita

Plants

Scientific Name Common Name Date(s) / location

PTERIDOPHYTES

Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail 17; 20; 24;

Equisetum palustre Marsh Horsetail 24;

Botrychium lunaria Moonwort 22;

Asplenium rutamuraria Wall-rue 21;

Asplenium septentrionale Forked Spleenwort 18; 23;

Asplenium trichomanes Maidenhair Spleenwort 17;

Athyrium filix-foemina Lady Fern 20; 22;

Cystopteris fragilis Brittle Bladder Fern 22; 23;

Dryopteris filix-mas Male Fern 22;

Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak Fern 22;

Polypodium vulgare Common Polypody 21;

Polystichum lonchitis Holly Fern 22;

Pteridium aquilinum Bracken 20; 22; 23;




GYMNOSPERMS Conifers and Allies

Abies borisii-regis 20;

Picea abies Norway Spruce 20; 23;

Pinus leucodermis (inc P.heldreichii) Bosnian Pine 22; 23;

Pinus mugo Dwarf Mountain-pine 22;

Pinus nigra Black Pine 20;

Pinus peuce Macedonian Pine 23;

Pinus sylvestris Scot's Pine 17; 20;

Cupressus sempervirens Mediterranean Cypress 18;

Juniperus communis Juniper 20;

Juniperus sibirica 22;

Juniperus excelsa Greek Juniper 19;

ANGIOSPERMS Flowering Plants

Aceraceae Maple family

Acer campestre Field Maple 18;

Acer platanoides Norway Maple 20;

Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore 17; 18

Acer tataricum 18;

Anacardiaceae

Cotinus coggygria Smoke Tree 21;

Rhus typhina Stag's-horn Sumach 17; 18

Apiaceae Carrot family

Bupleurum sibthorpianum (=falcatum) Sickle-leaf Hare's-ear 19; 23;

Daucus carota Wild Carrot 17; 18

Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo 17; 18

Heracleum sibiricum Siberian Hogweed 21;

Ligusticum mutellina Alpine Lovage 22;

Pastinaca sativa Wild Parsnip 17; 21;

Sanicula europaea Sanicle 21;

Araliaceae

Hedera helix Ivy 18;

Asclepiadaceae

Cynanchum acutum Stranglewort 18;

Periploca graeca Silk Vine 19;

Asteraceae Daisy family

Achillea millefolium Yarrow 17; 18

Achillea clypeolata 18;

Achillea coarctata 18;

Achillea crithmifolia 17;

Arctium minus Lesser Burdock 17; 23;

Arnica montana Arnica 22;

Artemisia absinthium Common Wormwood 18, 19; 20;

Artemisia vulgaris Mugwort 17; 18; 21;

Calendula officinalis Pot Marigold 18;

Carduus scardicus (=kerneri) 20; 21;

Centaurea calcitrapa Red Star Thistle 20;

Centaurea nervosa 22;

Centaurea rutifolia 17; 18; 19;

Centaurea salonitana var. macrantha 18;

Centaurea solstitialis St Barnaby's Thistle 17; 18;

Chondrilla juncea Skeletonweed 17, 19;

Cichorium intybus Chicory 17; 18;




Cirsium candelabrum Candelabra Thistle 20;

Cirsium ligulare 20;

Conyza canadensis Canadian Fleabane 20;

Doronicum austriacum Austrian Leopard's-bane 22;

Echinops bannaticus Blue Globe-thistle 18;

Echinops sphaerocephalus Pale Globe-thistle 18;

Erigeron acer Blue Fleabane 20; 23;

Erigeron annuus Annual Fleabane 18; 20;

Erigeron atticus Greek Fleabane 23;

Eupatorium cannabinum Hemp Agrimony 21;

Hieracium sp. Woolly Hawkweed 23;

Lactuca serriola Prickly Lettuce 18; 20;

Lapsana communis Nipplewort 18;

Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye Daisy 23;

Matricaria discoidea Pineapple Mayweed 23;

Mycelis muralis Wall Lettuce 20; 21;

Pilosella officinarum (Hieracium pilosella) Mouse-ear Hawkweed 17; 22;

Prenathes purpurea 21;

Scolymus hispanicus Spanish Oyster Thistle 18;

Scorzonera purpurea (inc ssp. rosea) 23;

Senecio glaberrimus 22;

Senecio hercynicus 21;

Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sowthistle 18;

Tanacetum corymbosum 20;

Tanacetum macrophyllum 21;

Tanacetum vulgare Tansy 17; 20;

Taraxacum officinale agg. Dandelion 17; 18;

Telekia speciosa Heart-leaved Ox-eye 21; 23;

Tragopogon crocifolius 22;

Tripleurospermum inodorum Scentless Mayweed 23;

Tussilago farfara Coltsfoot 20; 23;

Xeranthemum annuum Pink Everlasting 17; 18;

Balsaminaceae Balsam family

Impatiens glandulifera Himalayan Balsam 18;

Betulaceae Birch family

Alnus glutinosa Alder 18; 19; 23;

Betula pendula Silver Birch 19; 20;

Bignoniaceae

Catalpa bignonioides Indian Bean Tree 19;

Boraginaceae Borage family

Anchusa officinalis Common Bugloss 18; 24;

Buglossoides (Lithospermum) arvensis Field Gromwell 18;

Echium vulgare Viper's Bugloss 17; 18; 24;

Echium italicum Italian Viper's Bugloss 18;

Heliotropium europaeum European Heliotrope 18;

Myosotis alpestris Alpine Wood forget-me-not 22;

Myosotis arvensis Field Forget-me-not 20;

Myosotis scorpioides Water Forget-me-not 21;

Brassicaceae

Barbarea bracteosa 21;

Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherds Purse 17;

Cardamine rivularis 22;

Rorippa lippizensis 22;




Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard 20;

Subularia aquatica Awlwort 22;

Buddleiaceae

Buddleia davidii Buddleia 17; 18;

Campanulaceae Bellflower family

Asyneuma canescens 23;

Campanula alpina Alpine Bellflower 22;

Campanula glomerata Clustered Bellflower 22; 23;

Campanula lingulata 23;

Campanula moesiaca 21;

Campanula patula (inc C.abietina) Spreading Bellflower 20; 22;

Campanula persicifolia Peach-leaved Bellflower 21; 23;

Campanula scutellata 18; 20;

Campanula trachelium Nettle-leaved Bellflower 17; 18; 20;

Jasione montana Sheepsbit Scabious 18;

Jasione bulgarica Bulgarian Sheep's-bit 22;

Cannabiaceae Hemp family

Celtis australis Nettle Tree 19;

Humulus lupulus Hop 20;

Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle family

Sambucus ebulus Dwarf Elder / Danewort 17; 18;

Sambucus nigra Elder 17; 18;

Sambucus racemosa Red-berried Elder 21;

Caryophyllaceae Pink family

Arenaria biflora Two-flowered Sandwort 22;

Cerastium alpinum Alpine Stitchwort 22;

Dianthus gigantaeformis (=pontederae) Tall Pink 23;

Dianthus gracilis 17; 20;

Dianthus microlepis 22;

Dianthus petraeus 23;

Dianthus pinifolius Pine-leaved Pink 19;

Gypsophila paniculata

19;

Lychnis flos-cuculi Ragged Robin 22;

Petrorhagia velutina (Kohlrauschia) Childing Pink 17; 18;

Sagina procumbens Procumbent Pearlwort 18;

Saponaria officinalis Soapwort 17; 18; 23;

Scleranthus perennis Perennial Knawel 22;

Silene alba White Campion 21;

Silene armeria Sweet Wiliam Catchfly 22;

Silene nutans Nottingham Catchfly 23;

Silene pusilla 23;

Silene roemeri 17;

Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion 20; 22;

Stellaria graminea Lesser Stitchwort 20;

Chenopodiaceae Goosefoot family

Chenopodium album Fat Hen 18;

Chenopodium bonus-henricus Good King Henry 21;

Cistaceae Rockrose family

Helianthemum nummularium Common Rockrose 23;

Convolvulaceae Bindweed family

Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed 18;

Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed 17; 18;

Cuscuta campestris a Dodder 18;




Cuscuta europaea Greater Dodder (on Urtica dioica) 23;

Cornaceae

Cornus mas Cornelian Cherry 18;

Cornus sanguineus Dogwood 18;

Corylaceae

Corylus avellana Hazel 17; 21;

Ostrya carpinifolia Hop Hornbeam 19;

Crassulaceae Stonecrop family

Jovibarba heuffelii a Houseleek 19;

Sedum acre Biting Stonecrop 23;

Sedum album White Stonecrop 21;

Sedum alpestre Alpine Stonecrop 22;

Sedum grisebachii 23;

Sedum hispanicum 23;

Sedum ochroleucum Creamish Stonecrop 23;

Dipsacaceae Teasel family

Dipsacus laciniatus Cut-leaved Teasel 20;

Knautia midzorensis 20;

Scabiosa argentea 19;

Scabiosa lucida Shining Scabious 20; 21; 22;

Ericaceae Heather family

Bruckenthalia spiculifolia 22;

Vaccinium myrtillus Bilberry 22;

Euphorbiaceae Spurge family

Euphorbia amygdaloides Wood Spurge 21; 23;

Euphorbia cyparissias Cypress Spurge 17; 20;

Euphorbia myrsinites Glaucous Spurge 18;

Euphorbia serrulata Upright Spurge 20;

Ricinus communis Castor Oil roadsides

Fabaceae Pea family

Amorpha fruticosa Bastard Indigo Bush 19;

Astragalus onobrychis 17;

Chamaecytisus absinthioides 21;

Chamaecytisus hirsutus Hairy Broom 22;

Colutea arborescens Bladder Senna 19;

Coronilla varia (Securigera) Crown Vetch 21; 23;

Dorycnium pentaphyllum Canary Clover 23;

Genista tinctoria (inc. campestris) Dyer’s Greenweed 22;

Laburnum anagyroides Laburnum 19;

Lotus angustissimus Slender Bird's-foot Trefoil 22;

Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot Trefoil 18;

Lotus pedunculatus (=uliginosus) Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil 23;

Medicago lupulina Black Medick 17;

Medicago sativa Lucerne 17; 18;

Melilotus albus White Melilot 17; 18;

Onobrychis montana Mountain Sainfoin 23;

Ononis spinosa Spiny Restharrow 18;

Psoralea (Bituminaria) bituminosa Pitch Trefoil 22;

Robinia pseudoacacia False Acacia 17; 18;

Trifolium arvense Haresfoot Clover 17; 18; 24;

Trifolium badium 21;

Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil 17;

Trifolium hybridum Alsike Clover 20;




Trifolium incarnatum Crimson Clover 19;

Trifolium pratense Red Clover 20;

Trifolium repens White Clover 18; 21;

Vicia hybrid Hairy Yellow Vetch 17;

Fagaceae

Fagus sylvatica Beech 20;

Quercus robur Pedunculate Oak 18;

Gentianaceae Gentian family

Gentiana cruciata Cross Gentian 20;

Gentiana pyrenaica Pyrenean Gentian 22;

Geraniaceae Geranium family

Erodium cicutarium Common Storksbill 17;

Geranium macrorrhizum Rock Cranesbill 18; 22;

Geranium phaeum Dusky Cransebill 21;

Geranium pyrenaicum Hedgerow Cransebill 20;

Geranium robertianum Herb Robert 21;

Geranium sanguineum Bloody Cranesbill 21;

Geranium sylvaticum Wood Cranesbill 21; 22;

Grossulariaceae Currant family

Ribes uva-crispum Gooseberry 21;

Hippocastanaceae

Aesculus hippocastanum Horse Chestnut 20;

Hypericaceae (Guttiferae) St John's-wort family

Hypericum tetrapterum Square-stalked St John's-wort 17;

Juglandaceae Walnut family

Juglans regia Walnut 17; 18

Lamiaceae Mint family

Acinos alpines Alpine Calamint 21; 22;

Acinos arvensis Basil Thyme 23;

Ballota nigra Black Horehound 17; 18;

Clinopodium vulgare Wild Basil 17; 21;

Galeopsis tetrahit Common Hemp Nettle 17;

Lamium garganicum Large Red Dead-nettle 23;

Lamium purpureum Red Dead-nettle 17; 18;

Lycopus europaeus Gipsywort 24;

Marrubium peregrinum 17, 18; 19;

Melissa officinalis Balm 20;

Mentha aquatic Water Mint 20; 24;

Mentha longifolia Horsemint 20;

Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal 20;

Mentha spicata Spear Mint 20;

Nepeta pannonica 20; 22; 23;

Origanum vulgare Marjoram 20;

Prunella laciniata Cut-leaved Self-heal 20;

Prunella vulgaris Self-heal 18; 20;

Scutellaria alpina Alpine Skullcap 23;

Scutellaria galericulata Skullcap 24;

Stachys palustris Marsh Woundwort 20;

Stachys sylvatica Hedge Woundwort 20

Teucrium chamaedrys Wall Germander 23;

Teucrium montanum Mountain Germander 23;

Thymus pulegioides Large Wild Thyme 17;




Lentibulariaceae Butterwort family

Pinguicula bulcanica Balkan Butterwort 22 (nf);

Lythraceae Loosestrife family

Lythrum salicaria Purple Loosestrife 18; 24;

Malvaceae Mallow family

Alcea rosea Hollyhock 22;

Althaea officinalis Marsh Mallow 18;

Lavatera thuringiaca 18;

Malva sylvestris Common Mallow 18;

Moraceae Mulberry family

Ficus carica Fig 17; 18;

Morus alba White Mulberry 20

Oleaceae Olive family

Fraxinus angustifolia Narrow-leaved Ash 18;

Fraxinus excelsior Ash 19;

Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet 23;

Syringa vulgaris Common Lilac 18;

Onagraceae Willowherb family

Chamerion angustifolium Rosebay Willowherb 20;

Epilobium alpestre Alpine Willowherb 22;

Epilobium cilatum American Willowhern 22;

Epilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb 24;

Epilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb 20;

Oxalidaceae

Oxalis corniculata Procumbent Yellow Sorrel 18;

Papaveraceae Poppy family

Chelidonium majus Greater Celandine 18;

Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy 18;

Parnassiaceae

Parnassia palustris Grass of Parnassus 23;

Plantaginaceae

Plantago coronopus Buckshorn Plantain 18;

Plantago gentianoides 22;

Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain 20;

Plantago major Greater Plantain 18;

Platanaceae Plane family

Platanus orientalis Oriental Plane 17; 18; 19;

Polygalaceae Milkwort family

Polygala major Large Milkwort 23;

Polygala vulgaris Common Milkwort 20;

Polygonaceae Dock family

Persicaria hydropiper Water Pepper 20;

Polygonum aviculare Knotgrass 17; 18;

Persicaria maculosa Redshank 19;

Rumex acetosa Common Sorrel 17; 21;

Rumex acetosella Sheep Sorrel 21;

Rumex alpines Monk's Rhubarb 22;

Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock 21;

Portulacaceae

Portulaca oleracea Yellow Purslane 20;

Primulaceae Primrose family

Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel 19;

Lysimachia nummularia Creeping Jenny 20;




Ranunculaceae Buttercup family

Clematis vitalba Traveller's Joy 17; 18; 19; 24;

Consolida regalis Forking Larkspur 18; 19;

Delphinium balcanicum 18;

Delphinium peregrinum Violet Larkspur 19;

Nigella elata 19; 21;

Ranunculus acris Meadow Buttercup 21;

Ranunculus montanus 22;

Ranunculus scleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup 20;

Thalictrum flavum Common Meadow Rue 23;

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn family

Frangula alnus Alder Buckthorn 23;

Paliurus spina-christi Christ's Thorn 18; 19;

Rosaceae Rose family

Agrimonia eupatoria Agrimony 18; 24;

Alchemilla mollis agg. Lady's Mantle 20;

Crataegus monogyna Hawthorn 17; 18

Filipendula ulmaria Meadowsweet 22; 23;

Fragaria vesca Wild Strawberry 20; 21;

Geum coccineum Red Avens 22;

Geum montanum Alpine Avens 22;

Geum rivale Water Avens 22;

Geum urbanum Wood Avens 22;

Malus domestica Apple 18;

Potentilla aurea Golden Cinquefoil 22;

Potentilla cinerea Grey Cinquefoil 17; 20;

Potentilla crantzii Alpine Cinquefoil 22;

Potentilla erecta Tormentil 20; 23;

Potentilla regis-borisii 21;

Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil 20; 24;

Prunus domestica Wild Plum 18;

Prunus persica Peach 17;

Prunus spinosa Blackthorn 18;

Rosa pendulina (=alpina) Alpine Rose 23;

Rubus caesius Dewberry 20;

Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble 17; 18;

Rubus idaeus Wild Raspberry 21; 22;

Sanguisorba minor Salad Burnet 17;

Sorbus aucuparia Rowan 21; 23;

Rubiaceae Bedstraw family

Asperula aristata

23;

Asperula cynanchica Squinancywort 22;

Cruciata glabra Glabrous Crosswort 23;

Cruciata laevipes Crosswort 21;

Galium anisophyllon 22;

Galium uliginosum Fen Bedstraw 20;

Galium verum Lady's Bedstraw 17; 18; 20;

Gallium odoratum Woodruff 21;

Salicaceae Willow family

Populus alba White Poplar 18;

Populus nigra Black Poplar 19;

Populus tremula Aspen 21;

Salix alba White Willow 17; 24;




Salix caprea Goat Willow 21;

Salix cinerea Grey Willow 21;

Salix elaeagnos Rosemary Willow 23;

Salix fragilis Crack Willow 19;

Santalaceae

Thesium bavarum Bavarian Bastard Toadflax 22;

Saxifragaceae Saxifrage family

Saxifraga rotundifolia Round-leaved Saxifrage 22;

Saxifraga stellaris Starry Saxifrage 22;

Scrophulariaceae (now Plantaginaceae) Figwort family

Antirrhinum majus Snapdragon 18;

Cymbalaria muralis Ivy-leaved Toadflax 18;

Digitalis viridiflora Green-flowered Foxglove 21; 23;

Euphrasia minima Dwarf Eyebright 22;

Euphrasia officinalis agg. Eyebright 20; 22;

Linaria genistifolia Dalmation Toadflax 17; 18;

Melampyrum nemorosum Wood Cowwheat 21;

Odontites verna Red Bartsia 23;

Rhinanthus javorkae Hay Rattle 20;

Rhinanthus minor Yellow Rattle 20; 21;

Rhinanthus rumelicus 23;

Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort 21;

Scrophularia nodosa Common Figwort 21;

Scrophularia scopolii Italian Figwort 22;

Verbascum longifolium inc ssp pannosum 19;

Verbascum nigrum Dark Mullein 18;

Verbascum sinuatum Wavy-leaf Mullein 18;

Verbascum speciosum 18;

Verbascum thapsus Great Mullein 18; 20;

Veronica beccabunga Brooklime 20;

Veronica chamaedrys Germander Speedwell 17;

Solanaceae Nightshade family

Datura stramonium Thorn Apple 18;

Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade 18;

Tiliaceae

Tilia x vulgaris Common Lime 19; 20;

Thymelaeaceae Daphne family

Daphne cneorum Galand Flower 23 fr;

Daphne oleoides

23;

Ulmaceae

Ulmus minor Small-leaved Elm 18;

Urticacae Nettle family

Parietaria judaica Pellitory of the Wall 19;

Urtica dioica Stinging Nettle 18;

Valerianaceae

Centranthus ruber Red Valerian 17; 18;

Valeriana officinalis Common Valerian 20;

Verbenaceae

Verbena officinalis Vervain 18;

Violaceae

Viola arvensis Field Pansy 18;

Viola biflora Yellow Wood Violet 22;

Viola tricolor Heartsease 20; 23;




Vitaceae

Vitis vinifera Grape Vine 20;

Zygophyllaceae

Tribulus terrestris Maltese Cross 18, 19;

Alismataceae

Alisma plantago-aquatica Common Water Plantain 24;

Araceae Arum family

Arum italicum Large Cuckoo Pint 19;

Arum maculatum Cuckoo Pint 21;

Butomaceae

Butomus umbellatus Flowering Rush 17;

Cyperaceae

Carex ovalis Oval Sedge 22;

Carex remota Remote Sedge 17;

Eleocharis palustris Common Spike-rush 20; 22;

Eriophorum angustifolium Common Cotton Grass 22;

Scirpus lacustris Common Clubrush 22;

Scirpus sylvaticus Wood Club-rush 22;

Dioscoreaceae

Tamus communis Black Bryony 21;

Juncaceae Rush family

Juncus articulatus Jointed Rush 20;

Juncus bufonius Toad Rush 24;

Juncus conglomeratus Compact Rush 18;

Juncus effsus Soft Rush 17; 22;

Juncus inflexus Hard Rush 18;

Juncus trifidus Three-leaved Rush 20;

Lemnaceae

Lemna minor Common Duckweed 17; 24;

Liliaceae Lily family

Allium carinatum Keeled Garlic 22;

Allium flavum Yellow Onion 23;

Allium sphaerocephalon Round-headed Garlic 23;

Ornithogalum pyrenaicum Bath Asparagus 23;

Veratrum album False White Helleborine 22 (nf);

Orchidaceae Orchid family

Dactylorhiza fuchsii Common Spotted Orchid 20; 21;

Cephalanthera rubra Red Helleborine 20; 23;

Epipactis atrorubens Dark Red Helleborine 23;

Epipactis helleborine Broad-leaved Helleborine 21; 23;

Epipactis microphylla Small-leaved Helleborine 20;

Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid 21;

Poaceae

Aegilops geniculata

18;

Alopecurus aequalis Orange Foxtail 22;

Alopecurus pratensis Meadow Foxtail 18;

Arrhenatherum elatius False Oat-grass 23;

Brachypodium sylvaticum False Brome 21;

Briza media Quaking Grass 21;

Briza minor Lesser Quaking Grass 23;

Calamagrostis arundinacea Purple Reed Grass 23;

Cynosurus cristatus Crested Dog's-tail 20;

Dactylis glomerata Cock'sfoot 20; 23;




Deschampsis caespitosa Tufted Hair-grass 22;

Deschampsia flexuosa (=Avenella) Wavy Hair-grass 18;

Holcus lanata Yorkshire Fiog 20;

Hordeum murinum Wall Barley 19; 24;

Lolium perrene Perennial Rye Grass 18;

Milium effusum Wood Millet 21;

Molinia caerulea Purple Moor Grass 22;

Nardus stricta Mat Grass 22;

Phleum commutatum (=alpinum) Alpine Timothy Grass 22;

Phleum bertolonii Small Timothy Grass 23;

Phleum pratense Timothy Grass 23;

Phragmites australis Common Reed 18;

Sparganiaceae

Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed 22;

Typhaceae

Typha domingensis 18;

Typha latifolia Great Reedmace 24;

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Bulgaria in Summer - naturetrek.co.uk guides made a change and we first made a brief stop near the...

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