Automobile electrical system has gradually

evolved over the years and today it assimilates

automatic computer control of

the automotive mechanics. In the early days,

automobiles electrical system comprised of

only basic wiring technologies that were used

for distributing power to other parts of a

vehicle. It had only switches, wires, relays and

controlled motors as its key components but

today’s electrical system includes sensors,

actuators, alternators, battery, oxygen sensors,

generator, startersolenoid, starter drive, high

power electrical system and other devices.

Armature: Armature are the moving parts of an electric machine

generally alternators, generator or motors of a vehicle, which vibrates when electromotive force is produced. The armature used in automobile comprises of a series of coils and groups of insulated conductors circumscribed around a core of iron. Also known as the rotating part of a dynamo,

armatures are generally fixed on ball bearings and are mostly made of copper wire coiled around an iron core.

The major functions of armature are: Firstly, to produce an electromotive force.

Secondly, to transmit current in a rotating machines and force in a linear machine.

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Automobile Battery:

Automobile Battery refers to an electrochemical device comprising of primary and

secondary cells that are used for transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy.

Most of the vehicles today uses ‘lead acid’ batteries. Batteries are mostly of two types i.e.

non-rechargeable and rechargeable. Often called as disposable batteries, non-

rechargeable batteries are used once and then dumped. While rechargeable batteries are

those devices that can be easily recharged by applying electrical current that turns or

reverses a chemical reaction. A normal battery has an initial voltage of about 1.6 volts and

produces between 500-1000 amps. The market size of automobile battery industry is worth

US $ 48 billion a year. China, Hong Kong, United States, India and Taiwan are the major

battery manufacturing countries on the global platform.

Classification of various components of a battery includes:

Battery Boxes, Battery Cable Terminals ,Battery Plates

Performance Batteries , Ground Straps Battery Cable

Battery Control Systems, Battery Trays

Voltage Regulators , Battery Switches

Automobile Ignition System:

Automobile Ignition System constitute of various devices, tools and components that are used for igniting the fuel in an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. In this system, electric current is used for burning the mixture of air and fuel with the help of coil, battery, and spark plug. Ignition system is assembled in only those automobile engines, which operates with the help of petrol or gasoline. The two main functions of automobile ignition system are to produce enough voltage so that it can easily create a spark for burning air/fuel mixture and secondly it exercises control over the timing of spark and transmit it to the apt cylinder. A typical automobile ignition system produces voltage somewhere between 20000 volts and 50000 volts from a 12-volt source. Automobile ignition system can be further classified into three main heads such as mechanical ignition system, electronic ignition system and distributorless ignition system. Most of the vehicles today incorporate electronic ignition system in its engine.

Major Components used in automobile ignition systems are:

Coil WiresIgnition DistributorMagnetoIgnition Coil PartsElectronic Timing Controllers

Ignition BoxIgnition SwitchIgnition CoilsIgnition ControllerMagneto

Automobile Starting System:

Automobile Starting System is considered to be the heart of automobile electrical system. The starting system of an automobile includes those devices, which are used for initiating an engine of a vehicle. Once the key is put into theignition switch then the current pass through battery cables to starter motor. After this, starter motor turn the engine and the downward moving piston create suction where air and fuel mixture is burned and then the engine starts.

The chief components of automobile starting system are:

StarterStarter Solenoid

Starter DriveBendix Drive Starter

Automotive Computer Chips:

Automotive Computer Chips also known as super chip, automotive computer chips are basically the integrated circuits made of semi conducting material that are used for storing a new engine management program in the electronic control unit of the vehicle. These chips stores the data used by engine control unit, for managing and controlling the engine functions. Oxygen sensor is one of the types of automobile computer chips that form an important part of the engine fuel control feedback loop. Automotive Computer Chips comprises of:

Engine Management SystemsOxygen Sensors

Sensor Ring

Other automobile computer chips include:

Power train control modules

Tuners

Speedometer calibrators

Flip switches

Performance monitors

Performance chips

Top speed eliminators

Shift improvers

Automotive Electrical Wiring:

The electrical wiring system of an automobile incorporate different types of devices, flexible electrical wires, electrical fuses, connectors, fuse blocks used for fastening one end of an automobile component to the power source device. These electrical wiring components are used for bearing mechanical loads and transmitting communication signals or electrical energy.

Apart from electrical wiring components mentioned above, there are other parts used in an automobile electrical system like:

Electrical FuseElectrical Switch PanelsFuse BlocksShrink Sleeve TubingWiring HarnessesA/C HarnessElectrical Switches Parts

Electrical Fuse HoldersElectrical SwitchesRelay ConnectorsWiring ConnectorElectricalSwitch CoversGround Straps

Charging System:

The charging system of an automobile has three basic components such as alternator, regulator, and the interconnecting wiring. The main function of automobile charging system is to control and regulate the charge in the battery of a vehicle. Automobile charging system generally generates a voltage between 13.5 and 14.4 volts when the engine is working. It produces electrical current for operating automobile lights, music systems, heater, engine electrical system and other electrical components.

Other components of charging system of the vehicle are:

AlternatorAutomobile GeneratorAlternator Parts

Alternator BearingAlternator Fans

Spark Plugs:

A spark plug is a small electrical device that is implanted into

internal combustion engine cylinder for burning the mixture of air

and fuel. A typical spark plug consists of a center electrode, metal

casing and a ground electrode as illustrated in the figure. These

plugs are used in many machines such as trucks, buses, tractors,

boats, aircraft, motorcycles, scooters, industrial and oil field

engines, and oil burners. The basic raw materials used for

manufacturing spark plugs are aluminum oxide, steel, silver, gold,

platinum, copper and other high nickel alloys. These spark plugs

are available in different configurations and heat ranges to adapt to

any type of engine.

silver, gold, platinum, copper

and other high nickel alloys.

These spark plugs are

available in different

configurations and heat

ranges to adapt to any type of

engine.

Auto Mechanical

Autolab allows investigation into the mechanical systems found in modern vehicles. The modules are focused on developing knowledge and practical skills using simulator panels, real vehicle component trainers and/or vehicle-based workshop tasks.

The computer-based curriculum includes high-quality graphics, animation and video to introduce the underpinning knowledge for systems and components. Each student activity can be tracked by a management system for ease of assessment.

Heating and Air Conditioning Systems

ACS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been

designed to teach the basics of heating and air conditioning

systems used in modern motor vehicles.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum materials.

The hardware is provided in the form of a simulator panel trainer

that can be connected to a computer for automatic fault insertion.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided into a

series of on-screen interactive assignments. These assignments

incorporate assessment through questions

ACS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has

been designed to teach the basics of heating and air

conditioning systems used in modern motor vehicles.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum

materials. The hardware is provided in the form of a

simulator panel trainer that can be connected to a

computer for automatic fault insertion.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are

divided into a series of on-screen interactive

assignments. These assignments incorporate

assessment through questions embedded within the

learning materials. When used in conjunction with a

ClassAct networked management system, this provides

instant feedback of student performance.

Air Conditioning Components and Operation

ACS2 is a computer-based instructional module that has

been designed to teach the basics of air conditioning

components and operation.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum

materials.

The hardware is provided in the form of a complete

automotive air-conditioning system.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided

into a series of on-screen, interactive assignments.

ACS2 is a computer-based instructional module

that has been designed to teach the basics of

air conditioning components and operation.

The module incorporates both hardware and

curriculum materials.

The hardware is provided in the form of a

complete automotive air-conditioning system.

The curriculum materials provided in the module

are divided into a series of on-screen,

interactive assignments.

Fundamental Hydraulic Systems

BS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been

designed to teach the fundamentals of hydraulic systems.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum

materials. The hardware is provided in the form of a bench-

top hydraulics trainer.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided

into a series of on-screen, interactive assignments.

All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through

questions. When used in conjunction with a ClassAct

networked management system, this provides instant

feedback of student performance.

BS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been designed to teach the fundamentals of hydraulic systems.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum materials. The hardware is provided in the form of a bench-top hydraulics trainer.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided into a series of on-screen, interactive assignments.

All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through questions. When used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked management system, this provides instant feedback of student performance.

Disc and Drum Brake Systems

BS2 is a computer-based instructional module that has been

designed to teach the basics of disc and drum brake systems.

The module incorporates both hardware and curriculum materials.

The hardware is provided in the form of a Braking Systems Trainer.

The curriculum materials provided in the module are divided into a

series of on-screen, interactive assignments.

All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through

questions. When used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked

management system, this provides instant feedback of student

performance.

On-screen assignments may be theory-based or practical-based. Theory-based assignments provide essential knowledge of disc and drum brake systems. They are supported by standard automotive textbooks.

Some practical-based assignments direct students to carry out tasks in the laboratory using the supplied hardware. Others require students to perform tasks in a workshop on real vehicle systems.

Students are guided through their laboratory and workshop tasks by printable job sheets.

Braking Components and Operation

BS4 is a computer-based instructional module that has been designed to teach

the basics of braking system components and operation.

The module incorporates curriculum materials that are divided into a series of

on-screen, interactive assignments.

All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through questions. When

used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked management system, this

provides instant feedback of student performance.

On-screen assignments are theory-based and provide essential knowledge of

braking system components and operation. They are supported by standard

automotive textbooks.

In addition to providing the underpinning knowledge on braking systems, the

module also provides a series of practical tasks. These are presented to the

student as a series of workshop job sheets, which will require access to a

vehicle in a fully equipped workshop.

Fundamental Mechanical Systems

This module provides an introductory course of study in mechanical

systems. It includes a bench-top trainer that provides a resource for a

series of hands-on tasks that relate to the topic of mechanical systems. It is

complete with all the mechanical and electrical components needed to

follow the topic areas covered.

This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class

automotive program that will enable your students to become high-tech

auto technicians. It can be integrated to create a complete automotive

technology program. All the instructional materials in the module are

designed as competency-based multimedia presentations. A variety of

instructional delivery methods are included to ensure that students gain

both the underpinning academic and technical knowledge as well as the

hands-on skills. The module is competency-based and fully compatible with

our ClassAct management system.

This module provides an introductory course of study in mechanical systems. It includes a bench-top trainer that provides a resource for a series of hands-on tasks that relate to the topic of mechanical systems. It is complete with all the mechanical and electrical components needed to follow the topic areas covered.

This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class automotive program that will enable your students to become high-tech auto technicians. It can be integrated to create a complete automotive technology program. All the instructional materials in the module are designed as competency-based multimedia presentations. A variety of instructional delivery methods are included to ensure that students gain both the underpinning academic and technical knowledge as well as the hands-on skills. The module is competency-based and fully compatible with our ClassAct management system.

Steering and Suspension Components This module provides a hardware trainer that is based on the real automotive

components found in a typical front-end steering and suspension system. This

includes front wheel assemblies, MacPherson strut and coil spring assemblies,

road wheels and power steering rack. The unit is mounted on a steel frame

fitted with solid rubber castors and a single-phase electric motor is used to run

the power steering pump that is connected to the power rack using the correct

hydraulic hoses.

This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class automotive

program that will enable your students to become high-tech auto technicians. It

can be integrated to create a complete automotive technology program. All the

instructional materials in the module are designed as competency-based

multimedia presentations. A variety of instructional delivery methods are

included to ensure that students gain both the underpinning academic and

technical knowledge as well as the hands-on skills. The module is competency-

based and fully compatible with our ClassAct management system.

On-Vehicle Steering and Suspension Systems

This module consists of a comprehensive series of computer aided instruction

assignments that enable students to learn about steering and suspension systems. The

dynamic computer aided instruction provides interactive animations and high-resolution

graphics that help the student understand the topics being delivered. In addition to

providing the underpinning knowledge on steering and suspension systems, the

module also provides a series of practical activities. These are presented to the student

as a series of workshop task sheets, which require access to a vehicle in a fully

equipped automotive workshop.

This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class automotive program

that will enable your students to become high-tech auto technicians. It can be

integrated to create a complete automotive technology program. All the instructional

materials in the module are designed as competency-based multimedia presentations.

A variety of instructional delivery methods are included to ensure that students gain

both the underpinning academic and technical knowledge as well as the hands-on

skills. The module is competency-based and fully compatible with our ClassAct

management system.

Wheels and Tires

This module consists of a comprehensive series of computer aided

instruction assignments that enable students to learn about wheels and

tires. The dynamic computer aided instruction provides interactive

animations and high-resolution graphics that help the student understand

the topics being delivered. In addition to providing the underpinning

knowledge on wheels and tires, the module also provides a series of

practical activities. These are presented to the student as a series of

workshop task sheets, which require access to a vehicle in a fully equipped

automotive workshop.

This module has been designed to allow you to build a world class

automotive program that will enable your students to become high-tech

auto technicians. It can be integrated to create a complete automotive

technology program. All the instructional materials in the module are

designed as competency-based multimedia presentations.

Automotive Transmission Systems

TS1 is a computer-based instructional module that has been designed to

teach the fundamentals of automotive transmission systems.

The module incorporates curriculum materials that are divided into a series

of on-screen, interactive assignments.

All assignments incorporate continuous assessment through questions.

When used in conjunction with a ClassAct networked management system,

this provides instant feedback of student performance.

On-screen assignments are theory-based and provide essential knowledge

of automotive transmission systems. They are supported by standard

automotive textbooks.

In addition to providing the underpinning knowledge on automotive

transmission systems, the module also provides a series of practical tasks.

These are presented to the student as a series of workshop jobsheets,

which will require access to a vehicle in a fully equipped workshop.