Building Systems by Stora Enso...4 UIDING YTM Y TORA NO | RIDNTIA MUTI-TORY UIDING 1.1 Introduction...
Transcript of Building Systems by Stora Enso...4 UIDING YTM Y TORA NO | RIDNTIA MUTI-TORY UIDING 1.1 Introduction...
Building Systems by Stora EnsoResidential multi-storey buildings
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS2
Table of contents1 Introduction and disclaimer ........................................................................................................... 3
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Thebenefitsofthesystem .................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................. 5
2 AnatomyoftheStoraEnsoBuildingSystem ................................................................................. 6
3 Architecturaldesignguidelines ..................................................................................................... 10
4 BuildingSystembyStoraEnso...................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Possibilitiesofthebuildingsystem ....................................................................................... 16
4.2 Principlesofbuildingacoustics ............................................................................................ 18
4.3 Principlesoffiredesign ......................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking ............................................................ 21
4.5 PrinciplesofHVACdesign .................................................................................................... 23
4.6 Principlesofseismicdesign ................................................................................................. 24
4.7 Frameelementproductioninformation ................................................................................ 25
4.8 Basicjoints ............................................................................................................................ 28
5 Structuraldesign ........................................................................................................................... 29
5.1 Structuraltypes .................................................................................................................... 30
5.2 Structuraldetails ................................................................................................................... 49
6 On-siteassembly ........................................................................................................................... 73
6.1 Principlesoferection ............................................................................................................ 74
6.1.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 74
6.1.2 Erectionofverticalwalls .......................................................................................... 74
6.1.3 ErectionofhorizontalCLT /ribslab ......................................................................... 75
6.2 Transportation ...................................................................................................................... 75
6.2.1 TransportationofCLTpanels ................................................................................... 75
6.3 Protection on-site ................................................................................................................. 76
6.3.1 Moisture control ....................................................................................................... 76
6.3.2 Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol ............................................................... 76
6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement .................................................. 76
6.3.4 Assuranceofmoisturetechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage .................... 76
6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialson-site ..................................................................... 76
6.4.1 Protectionofload-bearingwoodenwallpanels ...................................................... 77
6.4.2 Protectionofintermediatefloorslabs ...................................................................... 77
6.4.3 Protectionofnon-load-bearingexternalwallpanels .............................................. 78
6.4.4 Protectionoftheroof................................................................................................ 78
6.4.5 Managementofindoorconditions ........................................................................... 78
6.4.6 Inspectionstobeconductedpriortotheinstallationofcoatingmaterials.............. 78
7 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 79
7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes .......................................................... 80
7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions .............. 80
7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes ................................................................... 81
7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing—Indoorclimateandthermalcomfort .............................. 81
7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVLbasedbuildings ............................................. 82
7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes ............................................................. 82
8 StoraEnso...................................................................................................................................... 83
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1 Introduction and disclaimer
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1.1 IntroductionThismanualdefinestheStoraEnsosolidwoodpanelandribslabsystemforwoodenmulti-storeyresidentialbuildings.Itisintendedfordesigners,contractors,buildingown-ersanddevelopers.
Thestructural solutionscontained in thesepagesare intended for thesystemshownhere,buttheymayalsobeappliedoutsidethescopeofthemanual.Thecoreofthesys-temisStoraEnso’ssolidstructuralwallpanelsandstructurallygluedribslabs,whichprovidebothtechnicalperformanceandindustrialquality.Theseengineeredwoodcom-ponentsenableanindustrialmethodofconstructionthatreducesassemblytimeonsiteandeliminatestheneedforwetconcreteconstruction.
Thesystemisagenericbuildingsystemthatcanbeadjustedtovariousmarketandcus-tomerrequirementsdependingonlocalneeds.Theseadjustmentsmightinclude:
Architectural considerations• typologyandscaleofthebuilding• unitandroomlayouts• customerdemandsorlocalmarketfactors
Engineeringconsiderations• localperformancerequirements(acoustics,fireprotection,thermalinsulation, etc.)• localcoderequirements(definedbyrelevantbuildingauthorities)
ThemanualoffersagoodoverviewofcommonEuropeanstructuresandbuildingtypesbutshouldalsogivesinspirationfornewideasandexperiments.
DetaileddesigninstructionsandstructuraldrawingscanbedownloadedfromthewebpagesofStoraEnsoBuildingSolutions.
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1.2 ThebenefitsofthesystemThesystemoffersseveralbenefitsforallpartiesinbuildingprocess.
Forarchitectsitprovides:• systemsandmaterialsthatenablehighqualityarchitectureandinteriors• opensystemsthatallowsproducts,structuresandshapestobeeasilycombined• safesolutionsandproventechnologiestofulfiltherequirementsofbuilding
authorities• frameworkforthedevelopmentofthebuildingdesign
Forengineersitprovides:• aneasy,safeanddependablesystemofdesign• provenstructuraldetails• clearlydefinedperformancevaluesforstructures• aclearsystemandguidelinesforbracingthebuilding• qualitybackgroundmaterialanddesigntools• structuraldetailsavailablefordownload• amanualandsoftwareforstructuralcalculations• third-party-testedstructuresanddesignmethods
Forcontractorsandcarpentersitprovides:• safesolutions—testedandproveninstructionsforthewholebuildingprocess• fastassemblytimes• aprovenstructuralsystem• industrialcomponentswithfactoryprecision• nodryingorcuringtimes• lightweightstructuresthatreduceoreliminatetheneedforheavyliftingequipment
Forownersandoccupantsitprovides:• costefficiency• moderndesignwithvisiblewoodeninteriorsurfaces• healthywoodenliving/building• healthylivingwithnaturalmaterials• energyefficiency—lowheatingandcoolingcostsforthewholebuilding• ecologicalbenefits;lowenergyconsumptionandalowercarbonfootprint
Fordevelopersitprovides:• ashortconstructionphase—lesstimetowaitoninvestmentreturns• anattractiveproductformodernandenvironmentallyconsciouscustomers• asystemthatcanbetailoredforvaryingtypesandsizesofbuildings
1.3 DisclaimerThemanualismeantforpreliminarydesignofbuildingsandstructures.
The use of the structural solutions (and reference values) shown heredoesnotreplacetheneedforfinaldesignandcalculationsbyresponsibledesigners—includingbutnotlimitedtostructural,acoustic,fireorbuildingphysicaldesign—and thusallsolutionsanddetailsused inconstructionshouldbereviewed,verifiedandapprovedbytheresponsibledesignersoftheproject.Conformancewithlocalbuildingregulationsshallbeconfirmedbytheresponsibledesigners.Designdetailsaresubjecttochange.
StoraEnsodoesnotgiveanywarranties,representationsorundertakingsabouttheaccuracy,validity,timelinessorcompletenessofanyinformationordatainthismanualandexpresslydisclaimsanywarrantiesofmerchant-abilityorfitnessforparticularpurpose.InnoeventwillStoraEnsobeliableforanydirect,special, indirect,consequential incidentaldamagesoranyotherdamagesofanykindcausebytheuseofthismanual.
Manualcopyright:©StoraEnso
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2 Anatomy of the Stora Enso Building System
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Basiccomponents:thebuildingframe
highinteriors
landings
(massivewood)
stairs
(massivewood)
load-bearingwalls
(massivewood)
elevatorshafts
• notelocalfireregulations
floors
(ribslabs)• largespanspossible• optimizeduseofmaterial• gapbetweentheribscan
beusedforinstallations(water,heating,electricity)
floors
(massivewood)• short spans
load-bearingwalls
(massivewood)• highrigidityprovideslargeflexibility
foropeningsinshearwalls• bigelementsarereducing
thegrooves/joints• greatfireresistance
non-load-bearingwalls
(timberframe+timberpanel)• optimizeduseofmaterial• timberpanelsactasbuilding
phase protection
non-load-bearingwalls
(timberframe+timberpanel)
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Variablecomponents:additionsandalternatives
interiorsurfaces(materialsandfinishes)
• bymodifyingsurfacelayersdifferentacousticandfireregulationscanbeachieved
• separatedfromtheload-bearingframe Interiorandexteriorworkonthemassivewoodskeletoncanbedoneindependently
non-load-bearingwalls(positionsandopenings)
• optimizeduseofmaterial• adjustablewallpositions• flexiblespacedesign
floorsandceilings(interiorsurfaces)
• bymodifyingsurfacelayersdifferentacousticandfireregulationscanbeachieved
• separatedfromtheload-bearingframe
façades/insulation
• possibletousedifferentmaterials• can be elemented
windows/doors
façades/exteriorsurfaces
• possibletousedifferentmaterials• can be elemented
balconies
• technicallypossibletousedifferentbalconytypes
railings
glazing
clearseparationbetweenload-bearingelements and insulations
Rib slab
• Largespansarepossibleduetohighrigidityandlowself-weight
• Optimizedgeometryachievemaximumperformancewiththe least material spent
• Light—noheavyliftingequipmentnecessary
• No cast-in-place concrete requiredcomparedtoconcretecomposite or precast solutions
Fireprotection—massivewoodwalls
• Well-knownandpredictablecharringbehaviour—lowriskofanabruptcollapse
• Void-freeconstructionpreventsfirespreadwithinthestructure
• Mayburnandcharfromthesurface–thelowdensitycharlayeractsasaheatinsulationfortheunderlayingtimber
• Underthecharlayerandpyrolysiszoneremainsuncharredtimberwithhighstrengthandstiffnesspropertiesforalongandpredictabletime
• Theuseofprotectivelayerssuchasgypsymboardsreducesthethicknessoftherequiredload-bearingstructure
Massivewoodwall
• Goodfireresistance
• Efficientloaddistributioninashearwallsystem(lessconcentratedload)
• Light—noheavyliftingequipmentnecessary
• Dimensionalstabilityduetocrosslamination—limitingcreepandshrinkage
• Highrigidityprovideslargeflexibilityforopeningsinshearwalls
Bracing—massivewoodwallsand rib slabs
• Entirebracingsystemestablishedwithtimberelements—nosteelorconcreterequired
• Highrigidityprovideslargeflexibilityforopeningsinshearwalls
• Linearloaddistributionfromfloortowalls—lessconcentratedloads
Joints
• Jointsaredesignedatamaximumamountofrigiditywiththemostadequateacousticinsulation at the same time
• Flankingsoundtransmissionisreduced
• Verticalloadpathwasdirectedthroughtimberpartswithgrainorientationparalleltotheforce—thereforeverticaldeformationsduetoelasticcontraction,creepandshrinkagearekeptataminimum
Fire protection
massivewood
massivewoodwithnon-combustible surfacelayers
timberframewithnon-combustible surfacelayers
Walls
timberframe
massivewoodwall
Bracing
concrete core
massivewoodshearwalls
trusses
timberframe+wallpanels
Jointtypes
hardjoint+decoupled installationlayers
solidjoint
softjoint
softlayer
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BuildingcomponentsThetablebelowshowscomponentsusedintheStoraEnsomodelbuildingascomparedwithvariousothermulti-storeytimberbuildings.ThecomponentsoftheStoraEnsosystemhavebeenchosenforoptimalperformanceinbracing,fireprotection,acousticsanddeformationinordertomeetthemostdemandingbuildingregulations.TheStoraEnsosystemisanopensys-tem—thesystemcanbeextendedwithcomponentsoutsidethesystem.
Floors
rib slab
timber-concrete composite
timberfloorjoist
timberfloorwithI-joist
massivewoodslab
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3 Architectural design guidelines
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ThefollowingguidelinesaremeanttohelparchitectsapplytheStoraEnsosys-temtotheparticularneedsofvarioustypesofmulti-storeyhousing.Thesefivebasicprinciplesmaybeappliedinanyorderaccordingtotheparticularneedsoftheproject.
DefinetheurbanscaleMassingstrategyandbuildingvolume
Inthepreliminarydesignphases,theurbanscaleandmassoftheprojectaredefined.Thesizeofthevolumesmayvaryfromlargeurbanblockstosmallerapartment houses. Depending on the particular site and surroundings, thearchitectcanconsiderandproposevaryingtypologiesforthewholeprojectorforspecificbuildings.
Casestudyexample:8-storeypointaccessblock
DefinethebuildingtypologyFootprint,unitdistributionandverticalcirculation
Thefootprintofthebuildingaswellasthedistributionoflivingunits,shapeandposition of the vertical access core form the basic parameters of the buildingstructure.Asymmetricallayoutwithacentralcorewilloptimisetheload-bearingstructuresandshearwalls,improvingtheeconomicsoftheproject.
Variationsinbuildingfootprintandlocationoftheverticalaccesscore
Variationsinunittypesanddistribution
Casestudyexample:centralcorewithfourunitsperfloor
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StructuralprinciplesandbearingelementsShearwalls/load-bearingwallsRibbedslabs/load-bearingdirectionsMassingstrategyandbuildingvolume
Corewallsandwallsdividingapartmentsareusuallythemostsuitableforuseasshearandload-bearingstructures.However,evenlongshearwallpanelsmaystillhaveopeningsordoorsdependingondetailedstructuralcalculations.
Ribbedslabsaredesignedtoachievelongspansandusuallyeliminatetheneedforload-bearingelementsinsidetheapartmentunits.Thedirectionoftheribbedslabsdefineswhichfaçadeswillbeload-bearing.Thefaçadeswhichdonotbeartheloadoftheslabswillhaveincreasedflexibilityforlargerandmorefrequentopenings.
A
C
B
D option 1
ribslabelementsdefiningload-bearingdirection
load-bearingandshearwallsoptionalpossibilities(a,b,c,d) option 2
WetzonesandtechnicalshaftsBaths,toilets,kitchensandtechnicalinstallations
Inoptimallayouts,technicalinstallationshaftsarelocatedaroundtheverticalcoreforeasymaintenanceandmanagement.
Wetzonesshouldalsobesituatednexttoinstallationshafts.Specificlocationsforbaths,toiletsandkitchensmayvaryinsidethesewetzones.Beawarethatlonghorizontaldrainlinesmayaffectthedirectionandstructureofslabelements.
WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES
VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS
BATHROOM / TOILET
KITCHEN
WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES
VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS
BATHROOM / TOILET
KITCHEN
verticalshafts/installationswetareazone/possibilitiesbathroom/toiletkitchen
Additional elementsPartitionwallsDoorsandwindowsBalconiesFixedfurniture
Non-load-bearingpartitionwallsmaybepositionedfreelyaccordingtothearchitec-turallayoutoftheunits.Otherelementssuchasbalconies(recessed,cantilevered,suspended, etc.),windows(framed,glazingsystems),door(hinged,sliding)andfixedfurnitureelementsareallpossibleaccordingtothearchitecturaldesign.
VariableelementsSurfacesandfinishes
Surfacesandfinishesforinteriorandexteriorstructurescanbedefinedindividuallyforeachprojectinaccordancewitharchitecturaldesign,technicalneedsandlocalrequirements.Seestructuraldetailsforfurtherinformation.
fullyequippedfloorplan
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Renderedelevations Cross-sectiona-a Cross-sectionb-b
Generalfloorplan(2–8)
Casestudyexample:Centralcorewithfourunitsperfloor
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4 Building System by Stora Enso
Step3 Equipmentphaseofthetimberframe
Step2Buildingphase“heatin,waterout”weatherprotectionwithload-bearingwoodcomponents
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TheBuildingSystembyStoraEnsoThe building process consists of three phases: manufacturing,assemblyandinstallationofadditionalequipment.
In the first phase, elements aremanufactured in the factory andequippedtotheextentagreedwiththeclient.
Inthesecondphase,theframeisassembledonsitefrompre-man-ufacturedelementsandprotected fromweather.Toensuresuffi-cientprotection,edgesandopeningsarecoveredwithtarpaulinsorotherhydrophobicmembranes,eliminatinganyneedforadditionalstructures.Inthisway,theframeisexposedforaslittletimeaspos-sibleandheatingofthebuildinginteriorcanbeginquicklytoallowforphasethree.
In the third phase, secondary elements such as balconies andfaçade elements are installed alongwith HVAC installations andinteriorfinishes.
hydrophobictreatmentorraincoveronhorizontalsurface
• weatherprotectionwithload-bearingcomponents
• noneedofseparatetent
lightweightcover
• protectionforstairs,liftsandbathrooms
Waterremovalshallbeplannedseparately.
edgeandsideprotection
• protectedwithatarpaulin
thewholeframeprotected
• controlledwooddryingcanbegin
Completedbuilding
Other structural components
lightroofelementsforcovering
Possibilities for long time covering:
coveringwithtarpaulin
Massivewoodslabs
Supplements
StoraEnsocoreparts:
Step1 Timber element manufacturing
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ThebuildingsystembyStoraEnso isbasedon longspanLVLribslabsandwideCLTwallpanels.Surfacelayersmaybe added to these elements depending to meet perfor-mancerequirementsforfire-protectionoracousticisolation.
With its variablecomponents, theelementsystemcanbeutilized for low-rise or high-rise buildings. By varying thesurface structures and the stiffness of the load-bearingjoints, the structural performance of the system can beadjustedtotheheightofthebuilding.
Intheexamplebuilding,surfacelayersareappliedwithresil-ientconnections to the load-bearingelements,whilecon-nectionsbetween the load-bearing elementsof the frameare‘woodtowood’withnosoftlayersbetweenthem.
Showcase WoodtowoodVibrationisolationpad
requiredshearstiffnessofthemainjoints
totalnumberofthestories
0 5 13
highlow
joint:floortopartitionwall
joint:floortopartitionwall
joint:floortopartitionwall
4.1 Possibilitiesofthebuildingsystem
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~0.2L ~0.15L ~0.3L
Bracing• 100% timber• Basedonfloorsandwalls+rigidconnections
Guidelinesformulti-storeybuildings
• Consultlocalloadingconditionsandbuildingregulations• Considerthelayoutanddesignofshearwalls:
• symmetricalfloorlayoutsreducetorsionalvibrations• sufficientnumbersofwallsinsuresoverallstiffness• openingsinshearelementsmustbecarefullyplanned(size,location,number)
Calculationsmustconsider…
• Designloads• accordingtoactualEN-standard• particularlyaccidential(fireandprogressivecollapse)and
seismic• Ultimate limit state
• particularlylossofequilibrium• fractureconsiderations
• Servicelimits• particularlydeformationsandvibrationsofthewhole
structure• structural members and connections• load-bearingcapacityandstiffness
Bracingwhenlocalauthori-tiesdemandorshearwallsarenotsufficienttostabilizethesystem
Bracingwithconcretecore
intermediate
flooranchoredtothetower
slipcastingor
anchored concrete elements
windloadandloadduetogeometricimperfections
ExamplestiffnessofCLTshearwallwithopenings(note:roughestimation,sizeandshapeshallbeanalysedforeachcaseseparately)
stiffnessx
H
L L ~1,7L ~1,7L
H
~0.5H
~0.5H
~0.5HH H
shearwall
solid timber
shearwall
upliftconnection
steelplateandscrews
sheardiaphragm
rib slab
shear connection
plywood,nailsandscrews
shear connection
• tofoundations• steelplatesweldedto
fasteningplates
upliftconnection
• tofoundations• flatsteelweldedto
holding-downplate
windloadandloadduetogeometricimperfections
stiffness~0.3*x stiffness~1,9*x stiffness~0.75*x
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4.2 PrinciplesofbuildingacousticsIn order to control unwanted noise and vibrations, acousticdesigncoversawiderangeoffactorsfromthevibrationofthebuildingframetoconnectiondetailsthataffectflankingtrans-missionbetweenroomsandapartments.
Theexamplebuildingisdesignedtoaddressfourmainacous-ticchallenges:airbornesound, impactsound,flankingtrans-missionandplumbingnoise.Formore informationseeaddi-tional literature and contact local authorities to determine specificrequirementsforyourproject.Acousticvaluesgiveninthis manual are based on calculation and used assumptions.
steelstudsframehavelessconnectionbetweenthelayersthantimberframe
• offersimprovedsound isolation
layerstructures
• reduces airborne sound and improvessoundisolationto other apartments
acousticaldesignofstructuresaccordingtolocalrequirements
sound direct path(theenergyofthesoundwaveislowerduetothelayerstructure)
Sound flanking pathwhendirectcontacttothe
load-bearingframe
Flanking
1)and3)
2)
3)
4)
1) 2)
Plumbing noise
apartment
corridor
Airborne sound
Impact sound insulation
floatingsurfacestructure
• reduces impact sound• acousticaldesignofstructures
accordingtolocalrequirements
insulation
• absorbs sound
acousticspringsuspension
• sound isolation
Sound flanking pathwhenindirectcontacttothe
load-bearingframe
mainplumbinglinesat the corridor
• reduces noise to the apartment
plumbingisisolatedfromtheframewithinsulatedhangers
• reduces sound transmission to the apartment
separatedlayerstructures
• floorandwallstructuresseparatedfromtheload-bearingframe
• reducesflankingtoother apartments
4)
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4.3 PrinciplesoffiredesignRequirements on fire safety vary and depend on e.g. geographicallocation,typeanduseofabuilding.However,all localrequirementsmustbeconsidered.Backgroundoffiresafety-relatedrequirementsarethefollowingmainprinciplesbeingregulatedonEuropeanlevel:
• occupantsshallbeabletoleavethebuildingsorberescued• thesafetyofrescueteamsshallbetakenintoaccount• load-bearingstructuresshallresistfirefortherequiredminimumdurationoftime
• thegenerationandspreadoffireandsmokeshallbelimited• thespreadoffiretoneighbouringbuildingsshallbelimited
Outofthesemainprinciples,followingrequirementsonbuildingcom-ponentsdoexist:
• reactiontofire• describesthecontributionofbuildingmaterialstofire• verificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-1
• fireresistance• describestheresistanceofbuildingcomponentsincaseoffire• verificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-2orcalculationaccordingtoEN1995-1-2
Principlesconcerninghowtoprovidefireresistancewithlayupsbased onmassivewood:
• Principle1:“Exposedmassivewood”• noadditionalprotectionlayersonmassivewood;fullfireresistanceprovidedbymassivewood
• Principle2:“Limitedencapsulation”• massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewoodisallowedtochar
• Principle3:“Completeencapsulation”• massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewoodisnotallowedtochar
• seeliteratureandlocalauthoritiesformoreinformation• www.clt.info
Solid wall protected with surface layers
Solid wall protected with surface layers Solid wall
Solid wall
surfacematerial
• A2-s1,d0
protectioncover
K2 30
fireresistanceREI60–120
• protectivelayers• fireresistanceofthe
residual cross-section
surfacematerial
• D-s2,d0
fireresistanceREI60–90
• fireresistanceoftheresidual cross-section
sprinklerinintermediatefloor
smokedetectorinintermediatefloor
Smoke detectorSprinkler
Extinguishingandrescue
ExampleoffiresafetydetailingNote national rules
Firesafetyoftheload-bearingstructures
fireresistanceREI60–90
• calculated or tested structure
• fireresistanceoftheresidual cross-section
surfacematerial
• A2-s1,d0• protectioncoverK230• residual cross-section
Elevator shaft
Multi-layer floor structure
surfacematerial
• A2-s1,d0
protectioncoverK2 30
fireresistanceREI60–120
• protectivelayers• fireresistanceofthe
residual cross-section
surfacematerial
• D-s2,d0
fireresistanceREI60–90
• fireresistanceoftheresidual cross-section
concrete
• non-combustible material
surfacematerial
• A2-s1,d0
fireresistanceREI60–120
4) 4)
2)3)
4)2)
1)
1)
3)
5)1)
2)
6)
4)
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Fire resistance of load-bearing walls
Referencewallscalculatedinthismanual• 4or7timberstoriesabovetheconcretestructures(loadfrom3or6storiesandroof)
• spanoffloor:8m
Note:Thiscalculationisjustindicativeanditcannotbeusedasfiresafetydesign.
1. Defineloadinfiredesign(accordingEN1990,EN1991,EN1995).
4 stories 7 stories
Wall number 1 2 3 4
Totaldesignload(kN/m) 117 217 194 357
2. Definethefireresistanceofprotectivelayers.
3. Definecharringdepth:requireddurationoffireresistance−tch −tf (protectivelayers).
4. Check load-bearing capacity of the residual cross-section withrespecttoloadsdefinedin (1).
Exampleoffiresafetydetailing
Note national rules
firesealing
alljointsneedtobesealed
eave(incaseofpitchedroof)
concrete
snowload
protectivelayers
charredlayer
60/90min.residual cross-section
liveload
dead load
7 timber stories
4 timber stories
8,000mm 8,000mm
5)1
3
2
4
6)
fireprotectionboard
horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot
• firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaçades
horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot
• firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaçades
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4.4 PrinciplesofcontrollingdeformationsandcrackingDeformationsderivefromthematerialpropertiesoftimberelementsandpropertiesofthestructuralsys-tem.Principlesfortimberdesignshouldconsiderthesematerialbehaviourstoavoidexcessivedeformationduetocrackingorcreep.
SwellingandshrinkageofwoodDimensionalchangesarecausedbymoisturedeformation,creepingandcompression.
CLT• inthepanellayer:0.02%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• perpendiculartothepanellayer:0.24%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent
LVLtypeX• width:0.03%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• thickness:0.24%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• length:0.01%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent
Plywood• thickness:0.3%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent
Moisture content• manufacturemoistureofCLTis10–14%• manufacturemoistureofLVLis8–10%• airhumiditychangesbetween~RH20–60%• timbermoisturecontentchangesbetween7–13%
ModulusofelasticityCLT
• paralleltothegrain:12,500MPa• perpendiculartothegrain:370MPa
LVL• paralleltothegrain:10,000–13,800MPa• perpendiculartothegrain:130–2,400MPa
CreepCreepbehaviourinheavyloadedtimberstructuresposeslargerdeformations.Timbermoisturecontentaffectscreepbehaviour.Creepislargerwhentimberisinmorehumidconditions.
StructuralsystempropertiesThelargestpartofthedeformationoccurs inCLTwallpanels.AlsoplywoodstripsbetweenwallpanelscausegreaterdeformationthanLVLbeams.
Thisjointhassmalldeformationduetheamountofverticalwood
0.02%
0.24%
0.24%
0.01%
0.03%
Tension parts need to be calculated to resist restraint actions too
Examplesofhowtodealwithdeformations
JointsThisstructuralsystemhassmalldeformationsduetothegreatamountofverticalwoodinthejoints.Deformationssuchasshrinkageandcompressioncauserestraintactionswhichhavetobeconsideredinthejointdesign.
Façadeswithbrittlefinish
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Plywoodstrip(21mm,birch):E=500MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.056mmDeformationbymoisture:0.32mm(5%change)
Endbeam(75mm,LVLtypeS):E=10,000MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.06mmDeformationbymoisture:0.13mm(3%change)
Plywoodstrip(21mm,birch):E=500MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.056mmDeformationbymoisture:0.32mm(5%change)
Heightofstorey:~3,400mm
OnlyverticallamellasofCLTisconsideredinalllayers.Deadloadand30%ofliveload.
Exampleofdeformations
1) LVL rib slab and plywood strips located between CLT wall panels
1storey Elasticdeformation Deformationbymoisture
gk=10.5kN/m includingcreep (5%CLT,3%LVL)
qk=7kN/m 0.06–0.43mm 3.5 mm
7stories(gk=73.5kN/m,qk=49kN/m)
Totaldeformation:25.3mm
Deformationisabout3.6mmforeachstorey.
Wall(CLT140C5s,2,950mm):E=12,500MPaElasticdeformation:0.05–0.32mmDeformationbymoisture:3mm(5%change)
Slab(CLT200L5s):E=370MPaElasticdeformation:0.1–0.71mmDeformationbymoisture:2.5mm(5%change)
Heightofstorey:~3,200mm
Cracking
Woodcrackswhen itexceeds the limitof thetensionstressperpendiculartothegrain.Nor-malcracksareincludedindesignprinciples.
Mainreasonsforpropagationofcracks:• exceedingtensionstressesduetouncon-trolleddryingforexampleon-site
• moisturedeformationsofwoodforexam-plefromsummertowinter
toofastdryingmaycausevisualcracksonCLTsurface
Wall(CLT140C5s,2,950mm):E=12,500MPaElasticdeformation:0.05–0.32mmDeformationbymoisture:3mm(5%change)
2) CLT slab and wall
1storey Elasticdeformation Deformationbymoisture
gk=10.5kN/m includingcreep (5%CLT)
qk=7kN/m 0.15–1mm 5.4 mm
7stories(gk=73.5kN/m,qk=49kN/m)
Totaldeformation:41.3mm
Deformationisabout5.9mmforeachstorey.
Exampleofdeformations
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS23
4.5 PrinciplesofHVACdesignThe goal of the HVAC design is to provide thermal comfortandoptimal indoorairquality.Thissectiondescribesthemainplumbing routes foracentralizedventilationsystem.Themainroutesofventilationductsgothroughsuspendedceilingsinthehorizontaldirectionand throughplumbingcavities in theverti-caldirection.Thesecavitiesarelocatedinthecorridorsinordertoreduceplumbingnoise.Thegoal is toachievesimple,shortroutes without need for difficult holes through building struc-tures.
Options for pipe locations:
A) Pipesinsuspendedceiling
B) Pipesbetweenribs
A-A A-A
A
A
B B
Note:penetrationthroughribsrequirescarefuldesign
air handler
Watergoestowastewatertreatmentplant
Centralizedventilationfreshairexhaustairsewage
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS24
4.6 PrinciplesofseismicdesignConditionsvary,butallbuildings inseismicareamustbedesignedtoresistseismic forces determined by the requirements of their location and localcodes. The example building can be designed according to Eurocode8 toresistseismicforces.
Inearthquakeproneareaswoodhasseveraladvantages:• low-density(reduceddeadloadsforstructures)• highstrengthtoweightratio• dampingisbetterthaninconcretebuildingsduetothematerialpropertiesandjointsusedinwoodconstruction
• moderndesigncodes(suchasEurocode8)offercleardesignprinciples
Whatshouldbeconsideredintimberhouse’sseismicdesign?
Seismic design
• Conceptualdesign• Seismicaction• Details
StoraEnso’smassivewalland ribslabsystemcanbedesigned tobeusedinseismicareas.Thissystemincludessolutionsforallthreestepsinseismicdesign.
SeismicactionanddesignSeismicactionsdependon
• construction site � seismichazardmaps,NationalAnnexEC8• soilquality• importanceofthebuilding(residential,classII)• structuralsystem• theStoraEnsosystemhasalightdeadloadandconnectionsthathaveplasticdeformations
Theductilityclassforamulti-storeytimberbuildingwouldbeDCMandDCH(checkEN1998-1,table8.1).
• Intheseclassesthebehaviourfactorqwouldbeabout2–3.
Notes for detailsa) connectionshavetobedesignedforseismicforcesb) nofractilejoints(connectorsshouldhaveenoughslen-
derness)
shearwall
upliftconnection
sheardiaphragm
shear connection
shear connection tofoundations
upliftconnectiontofoundations
plasticdeformation
plasticdeformation
highstiffness(notfragile)
plasticdeformation
plasticdeformation
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS25
4.7 Frameelementproductioninformation
CLTpanelelements
CLTisamassivewoodconstructionproductconsistingofbondedsingle-layerpan-elsarrangedatrightanglestooneanother.Endlesslamellastringsarebeingcre-atedbyfingerjoints.Onrequestthecrosslayercanbeedgeglued.ThesesinglelayerboardsarebeingcomposedtoaCLTpanel,usingfacegluing,betweeneachsinglelayerboard.Usuallythedirectionofthegraininthesinglelayerboardsareperpendiculartotheadjacentlayers.Topandbottomcoverlayersareusuallyori-ented in the same direction.
Use• wall,floorandroofpanels
CLTcharacteristics• strengthgradeoflayers:C24*• numberoflayers:3,5,7,8• weight:5kN/m³
• moisturecontent:7–15%;nomorethan5%deviationwithinonepanel
SurfacequalityThreeoptions:
• visiblequality(VI)• industrialquality(IVI)• non-visiblequality(NVI)
*In accordance with the technical approval 10% to strength class C16allowed;othergradesonrequest.
Approvalsandcertificates:• DIBtZ-9.1.559• ETA-14/0349
glue(+narrowsideband)
glue(+narrowsideband)
max.320mmmin. 60 mm
max.2.95m
max.16.00m
Note:availabletransportationoptions
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS26
C panelsThe grain direction of the cover layers is always parallel to the production widths.
Thickness[mm]
Panel type[—]
Layers[—]
Panel design [mm]
C *** L C *** L C *** L C ***
60 C3s 3 20 20 20
80 C3s 3 20 40 20
90 C3s 3 30 30 30
100 C3s 3 30 40 30
120 C3s 3 40 40 40
100 C5s 5 20 20 20 20 20
120 C5s 5 30 20 20 20 30
140 C5s 5 40 20 20 20 40
160 C5s 5 40 20 40 20 40
L panelsThe grain direction of the cover layers is always at right angles to the production widths.
Thickness[mm]
Panel type[—]
Layers[—]
Panel design [mm]
L C L C L C L
60 L3s 3 20 20 20
80 L3s 3 20 40 20
90 L3s 3 30 30 30
100 L3s 3 30 40 30
120 L3s 3 40 40 40
100 L5s 5 20 20 20 20 20
120 L5s 5 30 20 20 20 30
140 L5s 5 40 20 20 20 40
160 L5s 5 40 20 40 20 40
180 L5s 5 40 30 40 30 40
200 L5s 5 40 40 40 40 40
160 L5s-2* 5 60 40 60
180 L7s 7 30 20 30 20 30 20 30
200 L7s 7 20 40 20 40 20 40 20
240 L7s 7 30 40 30 40 30 40 30
220 L7s-2* 7 60 30 40 30 60
240 L7s-2* 7 80 20 40 20 80
260 L7s-2* 7 80 30 40 30 80
280 L7s-2* 7 80 40 40 40 80
300 L8s-2** 8 80 30 80 30 80
320 L8s-2** 8 80 40 80 40 80
C3s C5s
L3s L5s L5s-2*
L7s L7s-2* L8s-2**
CLT standard designs
* coverlayersconsistingoftwolengthwiselayers** coverlayersandinnerlayerconsistingoftwolengthwise
layers*** withCpanels,thesandingdirectionisatrightanglesto
thegrain
Production widths:245cm,275cm,295cmProduction lengths: fromminimumproductionlengthof8.00mperchargedwidthuptomax.16.00m(in10cmincrements)
production length
production length
production width
production width
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS27
LVLribslabTheLVLribslabisafactory-madestructuralcom-ponentconstructedfromLaminatedVeneerLum-ber(LVL)panelsandbeams.
Structurallygluedproduct• rigidconnectionsbetweenslab,ribandchord
elements• gluingiscarriedoutaccordingtotestedandapprovedgluingmethods
ETA/CEmarkedproduct• RibslabsaredesignedaccordingtoEC5andproductspecificrulesdefinedintheETA.ThestructurescanbedesignedforR60andR90classes.
Structurallyoptimizedcross-section• Thecombinationofribsandpanelsoptimizes
material use.• ElementsaremorematerialefficientthanasolidCLTslab.
Theproducttakesadvantageofthesuperiormate-rialpropertiesofLVL,usingthetopslabasabrac-ingdiaphragmforthebuilding.Thehighstiffnessandstrengthof theelementsenablesgood load-bearingcapacityand longspans.Theproduct isespeciallygoodwhenECvibrationcriteriaarecon-sidered.
Possibledimensions:Width:2,400–2,500mm(adjustableinprojects)Length:upto10m• accordingtostructuraldesign• height:200–700mm• accordingtostructuraldesign• countofribs:4–5
Endbeam• typeXLVL• verticalloadinwall
pass end beam• minimum
deformation
Optional element typesThreedifferenttypes.
Endoftheslab
bottom chord
width
height
length
structuralgluing
slab
rib
Supportbytopslab• minimizedtotal
structuralheight
Simplesupport• rib slab is supported
byload-bearingwall
Openboxconstruction• optimizedproductformulti-storeyhouses• highstiffness• easyerectionofacousticinsulation• openboxforHVACinstallations
Slab:• LVLtypeX• recommended:26–32mm• range:23–68mm• mainveneerdirectionissame
asbearingdirection
Rib:• LVLtypeS• recommended:45–57mm• range:27–75mm
Bottomchord:• LVLtypeS• recommended:32–56mm• range:26–74mm
Basic• basic solution• easyproductiontechnology• flexible
Closedboxconstruction• higheststiffnessproperties
withlowstructuralheight• bottomslabcanbeusedasvisualstructure
or
jointingtape
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS28
4.8 BasicjointsBasicjointscanusuallybeachievedusingscrewsandnails.Thesejointsareapplicableinmanycases,howeverfastenersandhardwaremustbescaledaccordingtothespecificrequirementsforeachconnection.
partiallyorfullythreadedscrews
Walltowallconnectionsusingpartiallythreadedscrews
sealantnailsorscrews(partiallythreaded)
plywoodstrip
fullythreadedscrews
Longitudinalpaneljoints
jointingtapejointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
sealant
sealant
sealant
sealant
sealant
sealant
sealant
Longitudinaljoint
gapbetweenelementsusingplywood
Joints (CLT)
Joints (rib slab)
Slabtobeamconnection
29 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS
5 Structural design
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS30
5.1 StructuraltypesOrientationChart
US1
VP31E-VP32
VS1VS2
VP2
VP5
YP1
VP11
VP4
E-VP12
E-VP22VP21
VSK1VSK2
US2
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS31
ListofDrawings
Structuraltype
No. Description
US 1 LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL
A Render,glasswool,visualCLT
B Render,woodfibreinsulation,visualCLT
C Woodcladding,mineralwool,visualCLT
D Woodcladding,lightweightinnerpartition
E Tilecladding,lightweightinnerpartition
US 2 NON-LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL
A Render,stonewool
B Woodcladding,lightweightinnerpartition
C Woodcladding,woodfibreinsulation,plumbingcavity
VSK 1 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL
A Lightweightinnerpartition,bothsides
B Lightweightinnerpartition,doublegypsumboards
C Lightweightinnerpartition,oneside,doublegypsumboards
D DoubleCLT
E Lightweightinnerpartition,bothsides,serviceshaft
F DoubleCLT,gypsumboards
VSK 2 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM
A Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing
B Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing,doublegypsumboards
C Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing,doubleCLT+boards
VSK 3 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,ELEVATORSHAFT
A CLT
B CLT,gypsumboards
C Concrete
VP 11 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT
A Floatingfloorslab,suspendedceiling
B Gypsumboards,timberpanelling
C Gypsumboards,suspendedceiling
VP 21 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM
A Concreteslab,ribslab,suspendedceilingandpanelling
VP 31 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR
A Surfacelayer,visualCLT
B Surfacelayer,CLT,suspendedceiling
C Floatingfloor,CLT,suspendedceiling,doublegypsumboards
VP 4 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BALCONY
A Surfacelayer,visibleCLT
VP 5 STAIRS
A CLTstairs,load-bearingCLThandrails
B CLTstairs,CLTslab
C CLTsteps,gluelambeams,insulation
D Plywoodsteps,nailplateconnectedbeams,insulation
E Concretestairs
YP 1 ROOFSTRUCTURE
A Timbertrussroof
B Timbertrussroof,LVLbottomchord
C Timberbeamroof
D LVLribslab
E LVLribslab
VS 1 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL
A Timberorsteelframe
B CLT
VS 2 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM
A Timberorsteelframe,bathroom
B CLT,bathroom
E-VP 12 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT
A Floatingfloorslab,suspendedceiling
B Floatingfloorslab,visualCLT
C Floatingfloorslab,concrete-CLTcomposite,visualCLT
D Floatingfloorslab,concrete-CLTcomposite,suspendedceiling
E Floatingfloorslab,chippings(gravel),visualCLT
E-VP 22 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM
A Concreteslab,CLT,suspendedceilingandpanelling
B Concreteslab,CLT,gypsumboards,suspendedceilingandpanelling
E-VP 32 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR
A Floatingfloor,ribslab,suspendedceiling,doublegypsumboards
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS32
Casestudy,structuraltypesStructuraltypeswhichmaybeusedincasestudybuildingaremarkedwithbluecolour.
YP1-EYP1-F
VP11-A
VP4-A
VSK2-AVSK2-BVSK2-C
VSK1-AVSK1-BVSK1-E
US2-BUS2-C
US1-DUS1-E VP31-C
VP21-A
VP5-A
VSK2-A
VSK2-B
VSK2-C
VSK3-A
VSK3-B
VSK3-C
VSK1-A
VSK1-B
VSK1-E
US1-DUS1-E
US2-B
US2-C
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS33
Load-bearingexternalwall
US 1
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire
insulation requirement
• Uvalue
façaderequirements
• visual• weather• fire
Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• glasswoolinsulation*• CLT[140mm]**
Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• timberframe+woodfibreinsulation*• CLT[140mm]**
Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**
Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**• gypsumboard*(iffireoracousticsrequired)• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• foilaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*
Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• foilaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*
A. Render, glass wool, visual CLT B. Render, wood fibre insulation, visual CLT
C. Wood cladding, mineral wool, visual CLT D. Wood cladding, lightweight inner partition
E. Tile cladding, lightweight inner partition
Variables
CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness
(CLT140)
MinimumCLTcross-section(see4.3) U
[W/m²K]
Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]R60 R90
4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories Inner Outer
A.0 150 mm visibleCLT 318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.217 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)
A.1 180 mm visibleCLT 348 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.189 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)
B.0 150 mm visibleCLT 320 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.209 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)
C.0 150 mm visibleCLT 352 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.203 D-s2,d0 D-s2,d0 40(−2;−7)
D.0 150 mm gypsumboards[15+13mm] 456 mm 100C3s 100C3s 120C5s 120C5s 0.158 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 48(−2;−5)
D.1 120 mm gypsumboard[13mm] 411 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.179 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 49(−2;−5)
E.0 150 mm gypsumboards[15+13mm] 521 mm 100C3s 100C3s 120C5s 120C5s 0.160 A2-s1,d0 — 56(−1;−3)
E.1 120 mm visibleCLT 402 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.235 D-s2,d0 — 56(−1;−3)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics****forrenderandincludeddetails,look
atthemanufacturer’sguide
TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls1and3,exteriorwall).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS34
Non-load-bearingexternalwall
US 2
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics****forrenderandincludeddetails,look
atthemanufacturer’sguide
TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls1and3,exteriorwall).
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness
(CLT140)
Fire resistance U
[W/m²K]
Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]Inner Outer
A.0 200 mm OSBboard[18mm] 248 mm — 0.204 D-s2,d0 — 47(−3;−10)
B.0 200 mm gypsumboard[15mm] 343 mm — 0.166 A2-s1,d0 — 46(−2;−5)
B.1 200 mm woodbasedpanel 343 mm — 0.165 D-s2,d0 — 45(−2;−5)
C.0 200 mm gypsumboard[15mm] 343 mm — 0.201 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 45(−2;−5)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
façaderequirements
• visual• weather• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire
insulationrequirement
• Uvalue
timberframerequirements
• load-bearing• fireresistance
Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• timberframe• (softconnectiontotheframerequired)
+stonewool[minimum150mm]• vapourbarrier• OSBboard[18mm]
Structure• cladding[28mm]• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe**+woodfibre
insulation[200mm]• hygroscopicmembrane• OSBboard[18mm]• timber(orsteel)frame[50mm]
(plumbingcavity)• gypsumboard[15mm]
Structure• cladding[28mm]• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe**+insulation[200mm]• vapourbarrier• OSBboard[18mm]• timber(orsteel)frame
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*[15mm]
(orwoodbasedpanel[15mm])
A. Render, stone wool
C. Wood cladding, wood fibre insulation, plumbing cavity
B. Wood cladding, lightweight inner partition
Variables
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS35
Load-bearingpartitionwall
VSK 1
Type Insulation Materials Thickness
(CLT140)
MinimumCLTcross-section(see4.3) Surfacereaction
tofire
Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]R60 R90
4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories
A.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm] 318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0 57(−3,−9)
A.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]
(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)
318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0 59(−3;−6)
B.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm] 348 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 55(−3;−5)
B.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm]
(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)
348 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 61(−2;−5)
C.0 50 mm timberframe,gypsumboard[13mm]/CLT 229 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/D-s2,d0 43(−2;−7)
C.1 50 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]
(gypsumboardweight>920kg/m³)/CLT
229 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/D-s2,d0 52(−2;−6)
D.0 50 mm visibleCLT 300 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0 53(−2;−7)
E.0 100 mm timberframe,gypsumboards
[13+15mm]/2×15+18mm
511 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(−3;−4)
E.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13+15mm]/2×15
+18mm(gypsumboardweight>920kg/m³)
511 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 59(−3,−4)
F.0 20 mm gypsumboards[15mm] 330 mm 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(−2,−7)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics****forrenderandincludeddetails,look
atthemanufacturer’sguide
TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls2and4,interiorwall).
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[140mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire
Structure• CLT**[140mm]• (softconnectiontotheframerequired)• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[18mm]• plumbingcavity• steelframe+insulation[50mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]
Structure• CLT**[140mm]• mineralwool[20–50mm]• CLT**[140mm]
Structure• gypsumboard[15mm;min.12kg/m²]• CLT**[140mm]• mineralwool[40–70mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm;min.12kg/m²]
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]
Variables
C. Lightweight inner partition, one side, double gypsum boards
E. Lightweight inner partition, both sides, service shaft
D. Double CLT
F. Double CLT, gypsum boards
B. Lightweight inner partition, double gypsum boardsA. Lightweight inner partition, both sides
CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS36
Load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom
VSK 2
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness
(CLT140/2×CLT120)
MinimumCLTcrosssection(see4.3) Surface
reactiontofire
Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]R60 R90
4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories
A.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles
(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)
330 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0/— 59(−3,−9)
B.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm]/tiles
(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)
360 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/— 61(−2,−7)
C.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles
(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)
430 mm 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0/— 58(−2,−6)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics****forrenderandincludeddetails,look
atthemanufacturer’sguide
TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls2and4,interiorwall).
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;12mm;2×18mm]• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[140mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;12mm;2×18mm]• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[120mm]• insulation[40mm]• CLT**[120mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles
Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;12mm;2×18mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles
VariablesB. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing,
double gypsum boardsA. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing
A. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing, double CLT + boards
CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS37
Load-bearingpartitionwall,elevatorshaft
VSK 3
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness
(CLT140/120)
Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]R60 R90
A.0 — visibleCLT 140 mm — D-s2,d0 46 mm 65 mm 36(−1;−3)
B.0 — gypsumboards[15mm] 150 mm — A2-s1,d0 — — 38(−1;−3)
C.0 — concrete 200 mm — A1 — — 56(−2;−6)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire
Structure• CLT**[140mm]
Structure• reinforcedconcrete**[200mm]
Structure• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[120mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]
VariablesB. CLT, gypsum boardsA. CLT
C. Concrete
CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS38
Ribslabintermediatefloor,apartment
VP 11
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]
Ln,w(Ci)
[dB]Floor Ceiling
A.0 130 mm floorslab[40mm;withoutcarpet]/2gypsumboards[15mm] 561 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 63(−1;−5) 50(0)
A.1 130 mm floorslab[80mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsum board[15mm]
+3-layerboard[21mm]
607 mm — — A2-s1,d0 60(−1;−6) 52(0)
A.2 130 mm floorslab[40mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/2gypsumboards[15mm] 561 mm — — A2-s1,d0 63(−1;−5) 42(0)
A.3 130 mm floorslab[80mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/
gypsum board[15mm]+3-layerboard[21mm]
607 mm — — A2-s1,d0 60(−1;−6) 45(0)
B.0 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withoutcarpet]/3-layerboard[18mm] 531 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 A2-s1,d0 46(−8;−16) 65(−6)
B.1 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/3-layerboard[18mm] 531 mm — — A2-s1,d0 46(−8;−16) 56(0)
C.0 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsumboard[2×15mm] 536 mm — A2-s1,d0 A2-s1,d0 58(−2;−4) 55(−5)
C.1 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboard[2×15mm] 536 mm — — A2-s1,d0 58(−2;−4) 50(0)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
LVLribslabrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
LVLribslabrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire• visual
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire• visual
Alternativeribslabshape
A
B
Structure• floatingscreedslab*[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard*[2×15mm]
Structure• floorgypsumboard[3×15mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
Structure• floorgypsumboard[3×15mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]
+insulation[100mm] (softconnectiontotheframerequired)
• battening[32mm]• 3-layerboard[18mm,visualquality]
A. Floating floor slab, suspended ceiling
C. Gypsum boards, suspended ceiling
B. Gypsum boards, timber panelling
Variables
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Soundisolationcanbeimprovedwithdifferentkindsofresilientchannels.
Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS39
Ribslabintermediatefloor,bathroom
VP 21
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]
Ln,w(Ci)
[dB]Floor Ceiling
A.0 100 mm tiles(withoutimpactnoisereductionmatt)/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 726 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 52(0;−2) 65(−4)
A.1 100 mm tiles(withimpactnoisereductionmattunder,
ΔLw>17dB)/gypsumboards[2×15mm]
726 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 52(0;−2) 56–58(0)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
LVLribslabrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire
suspendedceilingrequirements
• visual
Variables
Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
(moistureprotectioninexposedsurface)• suspendedceilingandpanelling(plumbingcavity)
A. Concrete slab, rib slab, suspended ceiling and panelling
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS40
CLTslabintermediatefloor,corridor
VP 31
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring
Floor Ceiling R60 R90
A.0 — CLT[withoutcarpet] 160 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm
A.1 — CLT[withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB] 160 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm
B.0 — CLT[withoutcarpet]/gypsumboard[18mm] 428 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — —
B.1 — CLT[withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboard[18mm] 428 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — —
C.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 510 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — —
C.1 30 mm floorslab[40mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 510 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — —
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted.
Note!InparticularA.0andB.0haveveryhighimpactlevelsatlowfrequencies.
CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.CharringisusedforcalculationofrequiredCLTcross-section.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
suspendedceilingrequirements
• visual
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire
Variables
Structure• surfacelayer• CLT**[160mm]
(softconnectiontotheframerequired)
Structure• floatingscreedslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• suspendedceiling• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
Structure• surfacelayer• CLT**[160mm]
(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• gypsumboard[15mm]• suspendedceilingandgypsumboard[18mm]
A. Surface layer, visual CLT
C. Floating floor, CLT, suspended ceiling, double gypsum boards
B. Surface layer, CLT, suspended ceiling
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS41
CLTslabintermediatefloor,balcony
VP 4
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]Floor Ceiling R60 R90
A.0 — Boarding/fire-retardanttreatment 170 mm REI30 — B-s2.d0 55 mm 94 mm —
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.CharringisusedforcalculationofrequiredCLTcross-section.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• visual
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire• visual
Variables
Structure• openboarding[28mm]• doublingsleeper• waterproofing• CLT**[100mm]• fire-retardanttreatment(optional)
A. Surface layer, visual CLT
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS42
Stairs
VP 5
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire
Floor Ceiling
A.0 0 mm CLT — — — D-s2,d0
B.0 0 mm CLT 160 mm — — D-s2,d0
C.0 100 mm CLT/gypsumboard[2×13mm] 226 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0
D.0 100 mm plywood/gypsumboard[2×13mm] 198 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0
E.0 0 mm concrete 110 mm — — —
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
beams requirements
• load-bearing
surfacelayerrequirements
• visual• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• visual
B. NAILPLATESTRUCTUREDSTAIRS
• CLT(handrail)
A. CLTSTAIRS
Structure• CLTsteps• load-bearingCLThandrails
Structure• CLTsteps• CLTslab**
Structure• concrete steps• concretebeams**
Structure• CLTsteps• supportingbeamsforCLTsteps
andload-bearingCLThandrails**• insulation[100mm]• gypsumboard[2×13mm]
Structure• plywood[21mm]• nailplateconnectedbeams**• insulation[100mm]• gypsumboard[2×13mm]
VariablesA. CLT stairs, load-bearing CLT handrails B. CLT stairs, CLT slab
E. Concrete stairs
C. CLT steps, gluelam beams, insulation D. Plywood steps, nail plate connected beams, insulation
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS43
Roofstructure
YP 1
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Permeabilityandpropertiesofthemoisturebarriersshallbeaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
A. TIMBERTRUSSROOF
E. FLATROOFC. TIMBERBEAMROOF
rooftrussrequirements
• load-bearing• fireresistance
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire• visual• acoustics
insulation requirements
• Uvalue
Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten+ventilationbatten• roofunderlayment• rooftrusswithLVL-lower
flange**+ventilation• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]
Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten• roof-coveringsheeting• LVLbeam**[450mm]• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• hygroscopicmembrane• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]
Structure• roofmaterial• rigidinsulation[300mm]• vapourbarrier• LVLribslab+insulation[rockwool]
(thermalresistanceoftheaircavityandinsulationshallbemax.onethirdoftotalinsulationofthestructure)
• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]
Structure• roofingtiles(sufficientpitch)• roofbatten+ventilationbatten
(ventilationcavityaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions)
• vapourbarrier• LVLribslab+insulation[450mm;
rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]
Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten+ventilationbatten• roofunderlayment• rooftruss**+ventilation[~100mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]
Variables
A. Timber truss roof
C. Timber beam roof
E. LVL rib slab
D. LVL rib slab
B. Timber truss roof, LVL bottom chord
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U
[W/m²K]
Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]Roof Ceiling
A.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.087 — A2-s1,d0 57(−1;−4)
B.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.076 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−5)
C.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.077 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−5)
D.0 450 mm gypsumboards[15mm] — REI60 0.076 — A2-s1,d0 54(−2;−3)
E.0 450 mm gypsumboards[15mm] — REI60 — — A2-s1,d0 56(−1;−3)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS44
Non-load-bearingpartitionwall
VS 1
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Structure• gypsumboard*[13mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*[13mm]
Structure• CLT[80mm]
VariablesB. CLTA. Timber or steel frame
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB]
A.0 50 mm gypsumboards[13mm] 92 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0 40(−2;−8)
A.1 50 mm woodenpanel 96 mm — D-s2,d0 40(−2;−8)
B.0 — visibleCLT 80 mm EI60 D-s2,d0 32(−1;−3)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS45
Non-load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom
VS 2
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Structure• gypsumboard*[13mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]
+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles
Structure• CLT[80mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles
VariablesB. CLT, bathroomA. Timber or steel frame, bathroom
surfacelayerrequirements
• fire
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB]
A.0 50 mm gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles 104 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0/— 46(−1;−5)
A.1 50 mm woodbasedpanel/tiles 106 mm — D-s2,d2/— 46(−1;−5)
B.0 — visibleCLT/tiles 105 mm EI60 D-s2,d0/— 37(−1;−3)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS46
CLTslabintermediatefloor,apartment
E-VP 12
CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.CharringisusedforcalculationofrequiredCLTcross-section.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• concreteslab[60mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]
(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• visibleCLTsurface
Structure• floatingfloorslab[40*mm]• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]
(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• visibleCLTsurface
Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• concreteslab[60mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
Structure• floatingfloorslab[50mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• chippings[100mm];ρ>1,400kg/m³• PE-foil• CLT**[140mm]
(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• visibleCLTsurface
VariablesB. Floating floor slab, visual CLT
D. Floating floor slab, concrete-CLT composite, suspended ceiling
E. Floating floor slab, chippings (gravel), visual CLT
A. Floating floor slab, suspended ceiling
C. Floating floor slab, concrete-CLT composite, visual CLT
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire• visual
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]
Ln,w(Ci)
[dB]Floor Ceiling R60 R90
A.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 285 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — — 55(−3;−6) 50(9)
B.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/CLT 230 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 43(0;−4) 72(−10)
B.1 30 mm floorslab[80mm]/CLT 270 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 48(0;−2) 70(−10)
C.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/CLT 290 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 52(−1;−4) 58(0)
D.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 345 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — — 58(−1;−6) 48(−7)
E.0 30 mm floorslab[50mm]/CLT 340 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 65(−2;−5) 53(−1)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS47
CLTslabintermediatefloor,bathroom
E-VP 22
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
suspendedceilingrequirements
• visual
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustic• fire• visual
solidwoodrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]
Ln,w(Ci)
[dB]Floor Ceiling R60 R90
A.0 30 mm tiles/CLT 388 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 50(−4;−11) 70(−6)
B.0 30 mm tiles/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 450 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — — 52(0;−2) 65(−4)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.CharringisusedforcalculationofrequiredCLTcross-section.
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• suspendedceilingandpanelling
(plumbingcavity)
Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
(moistureprotectioninexposedsurface)• suspendedceilingandpanelling
(plumbingcavity)
VariablesA. Concrete slab, CLT, suspended ceiling and panelling
B. Concrete slab, CLT, gypsum boards, suspended ceiling and panelling
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS48
Ribslabintermediatefloor,corridor
E-VP 32
* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics
Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted.
LVLribslabrequirements
• load-bearing• fire
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics
suspendedceilingrequirements
• visual
surfacelayerrequirements
• acoustics• fire
Structure• floatingscreedslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• LVLribslab**[300mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]
VariablesA. Floating floor, rib slab, suspended ceiling, double gypsum boards
Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.
Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)
[dB]
Ln,w(Ci)
[dB]Floor Ceiling
A.0 130 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 426 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−6) 51(0)
Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS49
OrientationChart
5.2 Structuraldetails
VD01
BD02
VD03AVD03BVD03CVD03D
FD01AFD01B
FD02AFD02E
VD10
BD01
VD02 VD05
VD07
VD06
HD02
HD01
HD03HD04
VD04
VD08VD11
VD09
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS50
ListofDrawings
Detail name No. Description Note
VD 1 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment
VD 2 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment
Installationofnon-load-bearingexternalwall
VD 3 A Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment
B Uplifttie,sheartransfer
C Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom
D Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment Extension
VD 4 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor
VD 5 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,corridor,ducts
VD 6 Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor
VD 7 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment
VD 8 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall
VD 9 Rooftonon-load-bearingpartitionwall
VD 10 Rooftonon-load-bearingexternalwall
VD 11 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall Extension
VD 12 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(lowrisebuilding) Extension
VD 13 Intermediatewalltoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(12floors) Extension
VD 14 Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment
FD 1 A Externalwallbasedetail,fastening
B Externalwallbasedetail,sheartransfer
FD 2 A Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,uplifttie
B Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,sheartransferanduplifttie
HD 1 T-connectionatexternalwall,non-load-bearingandload-bearingwalls
HD 2 T-connectionatexternalwall,load-bearingwalls
HD 3 Outercorner,load-bearingandnonload-bearingwalls
HD 4 Outercorner,load-bearingwalls
HD 5 Re-enteringcorner
BD 1 Balconydetail,non-load-bearingwall
BD 2 Balconydetail,load-bearingwall
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS51
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment
VD 1
horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
foamedplastic
insulation
jointingtape
mineralwool
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe
mineralwool
elastic sealant
2rubbersealants(tightening),bothsides
secondblockingbeamcanbechangedtoendbeamdependingonverticalloads
nails(bothsides)
end beam
subframeforinsulation
mineralwoolbetweenrib’sbottomchord
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
screws
5)3)
7)
1)
2)6)
4)
jointingtape
mineralwool
foamedplastic
elastic sealant
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS52
Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment
VD 2
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot
gapbetweenwoodpanels
nailplate+anchornails
insulation
mineralwoolbetweenrib’sbottomchord
Equipmentphase Equipmentphase CompletedFramebuilding
2/3 1/3
1
2
3
3/3
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS53
Installationofnon-load-bearingexternalwall
VD 2
façadeelements
woodpanelwithhydrophobictreatment
plasticorrubbercovertoprotectjoint
mineralwool+vapourbarrier+gypsumboard
surfacematerials
surfacematerials
mineralwool+vapourbarrier+gypsumboard
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS54
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
insulation(bothsides)
nails(bothsides)
elastic sealant
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe
mineralwoolbetweenrib’sbottomchord
5) 5)
2) 2)
1)4) 4)
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard
plywood
foamedplastic
2rubbersealants(bothsides)
VD 3 A
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS55
Uplifttie,sheartransfer
VD 3 B
steelplateandself-tappingscrews
intermediatefloorandplywoodhasopeningsforsteelplates
theendbeamorblockingshallbegrooved
screws
LVLribslab
CLTwall
uplifttieplywoodfor
sheartransfer
steel plate
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS56
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom
VD 3 C
insulation(bothsides)
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
ifrequirementsforimpactnoisebetweenbathrooms,impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthetilescanbeused
foamedplastic
2 rubber sealants
nails(bothsides)
5) 5)
2) 2)
1)
3)
4) 4)
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS57
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment
VD 3 D
insulation(bothsides)
foamedplastic
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
self-tappingscrews
self-tappingscrews
elastic sealant
settlementofstructuremustbeconsideredinfastening
ofgypsumboards
elastic sealant
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe
2 rubber sealants
nails(bothsides)
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
6) 6)
3)
1)
5)
4) 4)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS58
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor
VD 4
6) 6)
3)
1)
5)
4) 4)
2)
insulation(bothsides)
apartment
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
self-tappingscrews
self-tappingscrews
corridor
foamedplastic
elastic sealant
elastic sealant
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe
2 rubber sealants
nails(bothsides)
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS59
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor,ducts
VD 5
3)
1)
5)
4)
4)
2)
insulation
plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides
plumbingcavity
ifrequirementsforimpactnoisebetweenbathrooms,impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthetilescanbeused
foamedplastic
2 rubber sealants
nails(bothsides)
screws(∅8–10,bothsides)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS60
Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor
VD 6
A-A
A A
fullthreadscrews45°
fullthreadscrew,crossscrews
load-bearingCLThandrail,coveredwithgypsumboards
installationfit
elastic sealant
partialthreadscrews
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS61
Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment
VD 7
3)3)
1)
2)
2)
mineralwool
screws
mineralwool10mmgapwhichallowsbending
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS62
Roofdetails
VD 08-11
VD08 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall VD09 Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall
VD11 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwallVD10 Rooftonon-load-bearingexternalwall
jointingtape
jointingtape
jointingtape
firebarrier
firebarrier
2rubbersealants(tightening)
firebarrier
mineralwool
mineralwool
metalbracket+anchornails
metalbracket+anchornails
metalbracket+anchornails
screws
screws
screws
screws(bothsides)
timber board
2 timber boards
elastic sealant
elastic sealant
subframeforinsulation
elastic sealant
elastic sealant
vapourbarrier
vapourbarrier
vapourbarrier
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
Toensuresufficientsoundisolation,resilientchannelcanbeused.Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS63
Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(lowrisebuilding)
VD 12
nails
elastic sealant
vibrationisolationpad(12mm)
min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboard
andgypsumboard
foamedplastic
2 rubber sealants
vibrationisolationpad(12mm)
screws(∅ 8–10,bothsides)screwheadsaresinked
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS64
Intermediatewalltoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(12floors)
VD 13
5)5)
5)5)
3)3)
1)
4)4)
2)
foamedplastic
nailsorscrews
screws(bothsides)
screws(bothsides)
fullthreadscrews
elastic sealant
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
settlementofstructuremustbeconsideredinfastening
ofgypsumboards
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS65
Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment
VD 14
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
5)7)
3)1)
1 1
4)
6)
2)
foamedplastic
screws
onlyhorizontalloadstransfertoconcreteallowstimberdeflection
steelplateandself-tappingscrews
gluelamcolumnsupportsgluelambeam
elastic sealant
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS66
Externalwallbasedetail,fastening
FD 1 A
insulationfoam
bituminouslining
grout
metalbracket
anchor nails
epoxycoveringrecommended
anchorbolts/bar
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS67
Externalwallbasedetail,sheartransfer
FD 1 B
insulationfoam
CLTwall
sheartransfer
bituminouslining
fasteningplate
steel plate
siteweldbothsides
grout
screws
epoxycoveringrecommended
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS68
FD 2 ALoad-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,uplifttie
bituminouslining
anglebracket(bothsides)
nails(bothsides)
epoxycoveringrecommended
injectableadhesiveanchor
CLTwall
uplifttie
sitetolerancesthroughgroutandsitewelds
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS69
Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,sheartransferanduplifttie
FD 2 B
sitetolerancesthroughgroutandsitewelds
bituminouslining
grout
sitewelds(bothsides)
steelplate(bothsides)
fasteningplate
screws(∅ 8–12,bothsides)
LVLribslab
CLTwall
uplifttie
sheartransfer
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
epoxycoveringrecommended
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS70
Horizontaldetails
HD 1-5
HD01 T-connectionatexternalwall,non-load-bearingandload-bearingwalls
HD02 T-connectionatexternalwall,load-bearingwalls
HD04 Outercorner,load-bearingwallsHD03 Outercorner,load-bearingandnonload-bearingwalls
HD05 Re-enteringcornerNote!Notpresentedinshowcase.
jointingtapefortemporaryweather
covering
jointingtape
subframeforinsulation
subframeforinsulation
HD03HD04
HD01
HD02
CLTload-bearingpartitionwall
CLTload-bearingexternalwall
CLTload-bearingexternalwall
CLTload-bearingpartitionwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall
screws(∅ 8–10,onsite)
screws(∅ 8–10,onsite)
screws(∅ 8–10,onsite)
2rubbersealants(tightening)
2rubbersealants(tightening)
2rubbersealants(tightening)
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS71
Balconydetail,non-load-bearingwall
BD 1
SeedetailVD02forribslabtowallfastening
metalbracket
vibrationisolationpad
waterproofing
waterproofing
screws(∅ 8)
balconyrailandglass
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS72
Balconydetail,load-bearingwall
BD 2
metalbracket
waterproofing
waterproofing
screws(∅ 8)
balconyrailandglass
SeedetailVD02forribslabtowallfastening
Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).
73 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS
6 On-site assembly
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS74
6.1 Principlesoferection6.1.1 General
• Anerectionschememustbemadeandapprovedbeforeworkbeginsonsite.• Beforebeginning,insurethatliftingequipment,spaceandweatherconditionsonsitearesuf-ficientfortheerectionperiod.
• Theerectionschemeshouldspecifywhichliftingequipmentisneededonsite.Dependingontheprojectthiswillincludeforinstanceamobilecraneortowercrane,liftingslingsorchains,eyebolts,etc.
• Panelsmaybeliftedfrom2or4liftingpointsdependingonthepanel.• Liftingboltsmustbeplannedsothattheycancarrytheweightofthepanels.• Liftingpointsmustbeplannedtokeepthepanelbalancedwhileitislifted.• Panelswithlargeopeningsmustbereinforcedbeforeliftingtopreventdeformation.• Safetyprecautionsmustbeconsideredforliftingandworkingatheight.• Duringconstructiontheplatformmustnotbeoverloadedwithconstructionmaterialsbeyonditsliveloadcapacity.
6.1.2 Erectionofverticalwalls
• Beforeinstallationvisualchecksshouldbeperformedtoverifyqualityofthepanels.• Theerectionsurfacemustbecheckedbeforestartingerection.• Load-bearingCLTpanelsandnon-load-bearingwallpanelsshouldbeunloadedinorderofassemblyorinstalleddirectlyfromthetruck.
• Aspanelsarepreparedforliftingadd-onssuchasrubbersealantsandplywoodboardsmaybe installed to panels.
• Panelsareliftedintopositionandthenfastenedwithatleasttwoinstallationsupports.Onlyafterthepanelisstabilizedcanitbedetachedfromthecrane.
• Beforeoraftertheinstallationofadjacentwallpanels,sealantsmustbeinstalled(dependingonthetypeofthesealant).
• Oncethewallpanelsareplacedinposition,theymustbecheckedfortolerancebeforebeingpermanentlyfastened.
• Oncetheentireflooriserected,additionalstructuralelementssuchasbeamsandpostscanbe installed.
• Avisualcheckofthewholefloorshouldbecarriedoutbeforemovingonwiththeinstallation.• Thestructuremustbestabilizedbeforeinstallation.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS75
6.1.3 ErectionofhorizontalCLT /ribslab
• Beforeinstallationvisualchecksshouldbeperformedtoverifyqualityofthe panels.
• Theerectionsurfacemustbecheckedbeforestartingerection.• Panelsshouldbeunloadedinorderofassemblyorinstalleddirectlyfromthetruck.
• Onceapanelisliftedontotheload-bearingwalls,itmustbetemporarilyfastenedtoverticalwallsbeforeitcanbedetachedfromthecrane.
• Ribslabsaretemporarilyfastenedtootherhorizontalpanelsthatarealreadyinplace.
• Onceallslabsareinposition,theyshouldbecheckedfortoleranceandpermanentlyfastened.
6.2 Transportation
6.2.1 TransportationofCLTpanels
• Standardsizedtrailerscancarrymaximumof25tonsofCLTpanelsinthehorizontalposition.Themaximumdimensionsforcargoare13,60minlengthand2,95minwidth.IftheCLTpanelisthickenough,even16mpanelscanbetransportedinthehorizontalpositionwithstandardtrailer.
• CLTpanels,canalsobetransportedintheverticalpositionusingA-racks.• Elementsshouldbeloadedonthetruckinorderoftheirliftingonsite.• CLTpanelsmustbefastenedtothetrailertopreventmovementduringtransportationandedgesofthepanelsshouldbeprotectedwithcard-boardorotherlayerstopreventdamagefromfasteningstraps.
• Allcargoshouldbeprotectedfromweatherwithtarpaulinsoralternativecoveringmaterialsduringtransport.
• WhentransportingCLTwithvisiblesurfaces,bubblewrapcanbeusedbetweenthepanelsifrequested.Inaddition,CLTpanelscanbepackedinUV-resistantcoatingtoensurethatthequalityofthepanelsispreserved.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS76
6.3 Protection on-site6.3.1 Moisture control
• Moisturecontroltakespartineveryphaseoftheprojectfrombeginningtoendinordertoproduceahealthyandsafebuilding.
6.3.2 Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol
• Anexpertandotherpersonsinchargeofthemoisturecontrolwillbeassignedtotheproject.Theirtaskistomonitorandcontrolmoisturethrougheveryphaseoftheproject.
6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement
• Amoisturecontrolplanshouldincludeanestimationofpossibleriskscausedbymoisture,plansformeasuringandmonitoringmoisturelevelsandaschemeforcontrollingmoistureon-siteasneeded.
• Thewholestaffon-siteshouldbetrainedtotakeintoaccountthebasicdemandsofthemoisturecon-trolintheirworkandcommittofollowingtherequirementsformoisturecontrolfrombeginningtoendoftheproject.
• Thedemandsofthemoisturecontrolplanwillbetakenintoaccountinrequestsforestimates,quotes,contractsandsitemeetingsifrequired.
6.3.4 Assuranceoftechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage
• Allmoisturedamagewillbedocumentedandthenecessaryactionsrequiredtodryoutanymoistenedstructureswillbedefined.
• Dryingoutanymoistenedstructuresmustbemonitoredwithmoisturemeasurementsandresultsdocumented.
6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialson-site• Allelementsshouldbeentirelyprotectedduringthetransportationandstoredwithoutdirectcontacttoground(Figure1).
• Allelementsshouldbeprotectedagainstthesunduringstorageinordertolimitdeformationorcolourdamagetosurfaces.
• Allelementswillbeinspectedbeforeerection.Anydamageoccurringfromtransportationorstoragewillbedocumentedandrepairedwithoutdelay.
Figure1:Protectionofwoodelementson-site
woodbattensnotreleasingcolour or plastic pieces under theprefabricatedmembers
smoothbasetopreventdamagetotheedgesoftheprefabricatedmembers(bedtimberorplywood)
< 2
m
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS77
Figure2:Protectionofintermediatefloorunits
timberplanksasaframeforthethrough
hydrophobiccoatingonhorizontalsurface Detail 1
Detail 2
Lightcoverforastairwellandaliftalsoforrecessesofprecastedbathrooms
temporarydrainingsystem
EPDMrubberstrip
EPDMrubberstrip
6.4.1 Protectionofload-bearingwoodenwallpanels
• Atentisnotneededduringtheerectionofthebuildingstructure,buttheassemblyoftheframestructuresshouldbeplannedsothatstructureswillbeopentotheelementsforasshortatimeaspossible.
• Inthefactory,load-bearingwoodelementswillbetreatedwithahydro-phobiccoatinginordertoinhibitwaterinfiltration.
• Connectionsbetweenelementsshouldbeprotectedbyexteriorcovers.• Thewindowanddooropeningsshouldbecoveredwithdoublelayerplas-ticcoversinordertobeginthemanagementoftheindoorclimate.
• Materialssensitivetomoisturewillnotbeinstalleduntiltheexternalenve-lope has been closed.
6.4.2 Protectionofintermediatefloorslabs
• Topsurfaces,edgesofhorizontalstructuresandexteriorsidesofedgebeamswillbetreatedwithahydrophobiccoatingbymanufacturer.
• Recessesforprefabricatedbathrooms,stairwellsandliftwellswillbeprotectedwithlightweightcoverson-site.
• Lightweightcoverswillbetransferredtothenextfloorwhentheerectionofframestructureshasprogressed.
• Timberplanksareinstalledtocreatedrainagetroughsfollowingtheplanoftheunitwalls.Thesetroughsaresealedtopreventwaterfromenteringtheconnectionsbetweenstructuressothatalljointsoftheintermediatefloorunits are sealed.
• Eachtroughisconnectedtoadrainpipewhichusesgravitytoremovewaterfromhorizontalsurfacestothemunicipaldrainingsystem.
• ConnectionsbetweenwallandfloorelementsareprotectedbyanEPDM-rubberstrip,whichisinstalledtothebottomofthewallunitbythemanufacturer.On-siteEPDM-rubberstripsareattachedmechanicallytosurroundingtimberplanks(Figure2).
• Intheeventthatbuildingmaterialsarestoredonintermediatefloors,theymayberaisedontimberbedinordertoinsurethatnowateriscollectedbeneath stored materials.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS78
6.4.3 Protectionofnon-load-bearingexternalwallpanels
• Openingsinexternalwallsshouldbeprotectedbyplywoodsheetsoradoublelayerofplastic,whichshouldbehungbetweenthefloorandtheupperribslab.
• Alternatively,non-load-bearingwallsthatarenotinsulatedmaybecoveredbyaweathershieldonthetoppartofthewall.Thisshieldshouldprotectthewallpanelfromleakingwater.Windowanddooropeningsmustbecoveredwithdoublelayerofplasticinordertobeginthemanagementoftheindoorclimate.
• Weatherproofmaterialsonoutersurfacesofexternalwallscanbeusedasaweathershield.
6.4.4 Protectionoftheroof
• Aftererectingtheframestructure,theroof,eaves,coveringandtemporarydrainingsystemwillbeassembled.
6.4.5 Managementofindoorconditions
• Themanagementofindoorconditionswillbeginwhenallload-bearingwallsandintermediatefloorshavebeenerectedandopeningsintheexternalenvelopehavebeensealed.
• Aheatingsystemissettoeveryspaceenclosedbyload-bearingwallsinordertodrythestructures.• Duringconstruction,therelativehumidityoftheindoorairistobekeptunder75%.Aftertheinstallationofther-malinsulation,therelativehumidityoftheindoorairmustbebetween45%and55%withthetemperatureabove+10°Cinordertoeffectivelydryallstructures.
• Inordertoensuredryingofthestructuresinallspaces,twomonitoringstationswillbesetuptorecordinteriorconditions(measuringrelativehumidityandairtemperature).Datacollectedfromthesemonitoringstationswillbeanalysedweeklyandmanagementofindoorairconditionswillbeadjustedinaccordancewiththecollecteddata.
6.4.6 Inspectionstobeconductedpriortotheinstallationofcoatingmaterials
• Themoisturetechnicalfunctionalityofallinternalandexternalstructuresareinspectedbeforestartingtoinstallinternalcoatings.
• Theconditionofexternalandinternalwoodsurfaceswillbecheckedbysensors.• Moisturecontentofallexternalandinternalwoodsurfacesshouldbemeasuredandcharted.• Usingdatafromthesemoisturemeasurements,estimatesforcoatingcantakeintoaccountthequalityrequiredforthespecificconditions.
• Criteriaforthecoatingwillbedeterminedbythetypesofstructuresandthemoisturecontrolplan.• Damagedmaterialsmustbereplacedbeforeinstallationofinternalmaterialscanbegin.• Confirmationofmoisturemeasurements,ifnecessary,canbemadebydrying/weighingmeasurementsandmeasurementsoftherelativehumidityoftheporeair.
79 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS
7 Sustainability
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS80
7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes
Sustainablehomesaimatbalancingtheneedsoftodayandthoseoffuturegenerations;theyarebuiltwithoutdepletingnatural resourcesandwithoutotherharmfulenviron-mentalandsocial impacts.Today,sustainablehomesmostlyaimatreducingcarbonemissions,andatprovidinghealthyandcomfortable livingconditions foroccupants,consideringthewholebuildinglifecycleincludingtheproductionofconstructionmate-rials.Theseaspectsofsustainabilityare increasinglysubject to tightening legislativerequirementsandvoluntarythird-partyverification.Inrelationtothelatter,manybuild-ingratingsystemsexistandprovideviabletoolsforthecommunicationofabuilding’ssustainabilitycredentials.
StoraEnsobuildingsolutionshelpdesigners,contractors,ownersandtenantsachievecomplianceandaddresstheirsustainabilityambitions.
7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions
StoraEnso’sconstructionmaterialsandbuildingsolutionsarebasedonlowenviron-mental impact, renewablewood from sustainablymanaged forests.Wood for StoraEnso’swoodproductsandbuildingsolutionsoriginatesfromsemi-natural,sustainablymanagedEuropeanforests,whichgrowbyareaandbyvolume.TheEuropeanforestscontribute to thesocialwelfareand livelihoodof localcommunitiesand regionswith16millionforestowners.Parallelmultipleusesoftheseforestsforrecreationandnatureconservationareintegralpartsofsustainableforestrypractices.
StoraEnsopromotesthird-partycertificationofforestmanagement,withdemandsthatgobeyondlegalrequirements.In2015,already80%ofallwoodthatwasusedbyStoraEnso’smillsoriginatedfromPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedforests.Forverificationoftheresponsibleandlegalwoodorigin,StoraEnsoappliesPEFCandFSCChainofCustodycertifiedwoodtraceabilitysystems.
Intheproductionofwoodbasedbuildingsolutions,StoraEnso’smillsapplyISOandOHSASbasedmanagementsystemstoensureresponsible,efficient,clean,andsafeworkingenvironments.Energyismostlyproducedusingbiomassgeneratedfromsaw-millresidues,avoidingfossilcarbonemissions.Highyieldsandefficienciesintheuseofwoodensurethatnowoodgoeswasted.
BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS81
Woodconstructionplaysan increasing role inglobalwarmingmitigationandadaptationstrategiesasithelpstoreducethefossilcarbonemissions.Sustainable,growingforestsstorecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Woodconstructionmaterialsstoreanamountofcarbonequaltoapproximatelyhalfoftheirdryweightandwoodenbuildingsarecarbonstoragesduring their lifetime.Atendof theiruseful life,woodproductscanbe re-used,recycledorusedasnonefossilfuelsforenergyproduction.
7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes
Buildingsuseapproximately40%oftotalEUenergyconsumption1.Reductionofenergyuse inbuildings isoneof themosteconomicalways tomitigatecarbonemissions.TheEnergyPerformanceoftheBuildingsDirective(EPBD)2isthemainpolicytoolbytheEuro-peanUniontoreduceenergyuseinbuildingswithintheEUmemberstates.Furthermore,theRenewableEnergyDirective(RED)3aimsatincreasingtheshareofrenew-ableenergyinsupplytobuildings,herewithfurtherdrivingdowncarbonemissionfromtheuseofbuildings.
TheEPBDisdrivingtheconstantimprovementofenergyperformanceofbuildings,build-ingelementsandtechnicalsystems.Theperformanceisdefinedandupdatedinnationalbuildingregulations.AccordingtotheEPBD,asofthebeginningof2021allnewbuildingswillneedtobenearlyzeroenergybuildings (nZEB) intheEUmemberstates.nZEBsarebuildingswithveryhighenergyperformanceandtheirenergyrequirementsarecoveredbyrenewableenergysourcestoasignificantextent.IneachEUmemberstateenergyperfor-mancelevelsandnZEBaredefineddifferentlyusingamethodologyconsideringassociatedlifecyclecosts.StoraEnsowoodbasedbuildingsolutionsofferawiderangeofproper-tiesthatfitthenZEBdefinitionwell intheCentralandNorthernEuropeancountries.CLTstructuresforuseintheNordicclimateshavebeenanalysedfortheirbuildingphysicalandenergyperformance.InsulatedCLTandotherwoodenstructurescanhaveU-valuesdownto0.1W/m²Kandevenbelowwithoutanymoisturerisksandassociatedriskstotheindoorclimate.
Withenergyuse inbuildingsheavily regulatedandquicklyapproachingnZEB,efforts tolower theenvironmental impactofbuildingsarenow focusingmoreandmoreon lower-ingenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissionsassociatedwiththeproductionofbuildingmaterialsandtheconstructionofbuildings.TheuseofStoraEnsolowcarbonbuildingsolu-tionshelplowerenvironmentalimpactsrelativetoexistinghomesandconstructionprac-tices 4,5.
1 http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2013/pdf/ppp/eeb_factsheet.pdf2 Directive2010/31/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof19May2010ontheenergy
performanceofbuildings.3 Directive2009/28/EConthepromotionoftheuseofenergyfromrenewablesources.4 EnvironmentalImprovementPotentialsofResidentialBuildings(IMPRO-Building)20085 WoodinCarbonEfficientConstruction—ECO2.http://www.eco2wood.com/
7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing—Indoorclimateandthermalcomfort
Thermal‘sensation’isaparameterthatreflectsthethermalcomfortinabuilding.Coldsur-facescancausethefeelingofdraughteventhoughthebuildingenvelopeisairtight,asthehumanbodyradiatesheattowardscoldersurfacesofaroom.Optimisedthermal insula-tionguaranteessuitablesurfacetemperaturesofwallsandtheroofofabuildingtomitigateuncomfortingindoorconditions.
Moisturedamages inbuildingstructuresareoneof thecriticalcausesofpoorqualityofindoorairandassociatedhealthproblemssuchasasthmaandrespiratorydisorder6.
Thereareseveralclassificationsthathelpdefinegood indoorairquality,e.g. theFinnishClassificationofIndoorEnvironment2008.Itisavoluntarysystemforsettingtargetvaluesfortheindoorenvironmentinnewbuildings.HighlyinsulatedCLTbasedstructurescontrib-utetoindoorclimateinvaryingmeansforexample:
• goodthermalinsulationenableseventemperaturesinaroom7
• naturalwoodenmaterialshavelowemissionsduringtheuseofabuilding• useofwoodasaninteriordesignelementcancontributetopleasantlivingandworkingenvironment8
Comfortandindoorairqualityarebecomingincreasinglyimportantcriteriatocustomerswhenrentingorbuyingtheirhome.StoraEnsobuildingsolutionspromotegoodandhealthyindoor climate.
6 EuropeanRespiratoryJournal.2007March,29(3):509-157 Holopainen,R.Ahumanthermalmodelforimprovedthermalcomfort.Dissertation.Espoo2012.VTT
Science23.141p.8 NyrudA,BringslimarkT,BysheimK,HealthbenefitsfromwoodinteriorsinHospitals.Norwegian
InstituteofWoodTechnology.
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7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVL1 basedbuildings
Lifecycledesignreferstoastructuredco-operationbetweendesigners,contractors,mate-rialsuppliers,andpossiblyotherprojectstakeholders.Lifecycledesignaimstoachievebuildingsolutionsthatconsiderlifecyclecostsandcontributetohigherconstructionqual-ity,longerservicetimes,goodindoorenvironment,lowenergydemandaswellascarbonemissionsandhencelifecycledesignhelpsthedeliveryofsustainablehomes.
New buildings are typically designed for a service life of 50–100years. Longer servicelife usingwood construction has beenproven throughout history.Components such asfans,pumps,piping,surfacecoatings,waterproofing, façades,windowframes,however,haveatypicalservicelifeof25–50years.Therefore,alongserviceliferequiresalifecycleapproachthataddresses:
• shorterlifetimecomponentsaredesignedforreplacement• long-termmaintenance• maintenance,periodicconditionsurveysandtimelyrepairs• load-bearingCLTstructureslocatedontheinsideofthethermalinsulationlayersandthusprotectedfromoutdoorclimateimpacts
• highqualityconstructionofthebuilding,buildingelementsandcomponents
StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsareprefabricatedbuildingelementsproducedintightlycon-trolledfactoryconditionsthatimprovethequalityandeaseofconstruction.
Highqualityconstructionandalongservicelifeofabuilding,drivesareduceddemandforrenovationandrefurbishment,andherewithreducesmaterialuse,wastegeneration,andenergyuseintheproductionofmaterials,transportandconstruction,furtherenhancingabuilding’ssustainabilityperformance.
7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes
Dependentonthemarketconditionsandcustomerawareness,theuseofcertificationsys-temsmayprovidegoodmarketingandcommunicationtoolstowardscustomers,authoritiesand/orinvestorsandmayinsomemarketshelpincreasemarketvalue.Thereareanumberofdifferentcertificationsystemsthatprovidethird-partyvalidationofbuildingperformanceforsustainablehomes,suchas(butnotlimitedto)BREEAM,LEED,DGNB,HQE,Miljöbyg-gnad,andMinergie.Thesesystemstypicallystresstheenergyefficiencyandlowcarbonemissions, indoorclimateand thermalcomfort, lowmaterialemissions, lifecycledesignandassessment,andconstructionprocessprocedures,etc.ingradingforcertification.
1 CommercialproductionofLVLwillstartendofquarter2,2016.
Sustainabilityinformationonverificationandcertification:
• ChainofCustodycertificates(PEFC™andFSC®)forresponsiblysourcedwoodfromsustainableandlegalsourcesavailableat http://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates
• Woodfromsustainablymanagedcertifiedforests• AskforourPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedproducts• Certificatesforresponsible,efficientandsafemanufacturingprocessesavailableathttp://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates
• ISO9001qualitycertificate• ISO14001environmentalcertificate• ISO50001energyefficiencycertificate• OSHASsafetycertificate
• CarbonfootprintandLifeCycleAssessment• casespecificcarbonfootprintcalculationsavailableuponrequest
• ProductenvironmentalinformationandLifeCycleAssessment• productspecificEnvironmentalProductDeclarations(EPD)soonavailableat
http://buildingandliving.storaenso.com > Sustainability• productspecificindoorairemissiondeclarationsavailableuponrequest• productspecificchemicalsdeclarations, etc.availableuponrequest
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8 Stora Enso
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8.1 StoraEnso
StoraEnsoisaleadingproviderofrenewablesolutionsinpaper,packaging,biomateri-als,woodproductsandwoodconstructionsonglobalmarkets.Ourcustomersincludepublishers,retailers,brandowners,printandboardproducers,printinghouses,mer-chants,convertersandjoineriesandconstructioncompanies.
Ouraimistoreplacefossilbasedmaterialsbyinnovatinganddevelopingnewproductsandservicesbasedonwoodandotherrenewablematerials.Webelievethateverythingthatismadewithfossilfuelstodaycanbemadefromatreetomorrow.Ourfocusisonfibre-basedpackaging,plantation-basedpulp,innovationinbiomaterials,andsustain-ablebuildingsolutions.
StoraEnsorecordedsalesof€10billionin2015(withanoperationalEBITof€915mil-lion)anditemployssome26,000peopleinmorethan35countriesaroundtheworld.StoraEnsosharesarelistedontheHelsinkiandStockholmstockexchanges.
Weuseanddevelopourexpertiseinrenewablematerialstomeettheneedsofourcus-tomersandmanyof today’sglobal rawmaterialchallenges.Ourproductsprovideaclimate-friendlyalternativetomanyproductsmadefromnon-renewablematerials,andhaveasmallercarbonfootprint.
Beingresponsible—doinggoodforthepeopleandtheplanet—underpinsourthinkingandourapproachineveryaspectofbusiness.
StoraEnsoDivisionWoodProducts
BuildingSolutions
Email:[email protected]
Published 20 June 2016Version1.4Subjecttotypographicalorprintingerrors