Building Structure Final report
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Transcript of Building Structure Final report
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 1
School of Architecture, Building and Design
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture
Building Structure (ARC 2523/ BLD 61003)
Project 2: Beam and Column Analysis
Tutor: Ms. Norita
Group Members:
Student Name: Student ID:
Canisius Bong Wei Pheng 0318914
Joyce Wee Yi Qin 0319602
Tan Wing Hoe 0319333
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 2
Table of Contents
1.0 Brief Description of Building 3
2.0 Architectural Plan Drawings 4
2.1 Ground Floor Plan
2.2 First Floor Plan
2.3 Roof Plan
3.0 Structural Plan Drawings 7
3.1 Ground Floor Plan
3.2 First Floor Plan
3.3 Roof Plan
4.0 Slab System Analysis (Load Distribution) 10
4.1 Ground Floor Plan
4.2 First Floor Plan
4.3 Roof Plan
4.4 Identification of Types of Slab
5.0 Tributary Area 13
5.1 Ground Floor Plan
5.2 First Floor Plan
5.3 Roof Plan
6.0 Assumption of Life Load and Dead Load 16
6.1 Assumptions on Dead Loads Acting on Structure
6.2 Assumptions on Life Loads Acting on Structure
7.0 Individual Components Distribution 17
7.1 Beams
7.2 Columns
8.0 Beam Analysis Report 20
8.1 Canisius Bong
8.2 Joyce Wee
8.3 Tan Wing Hoe
9.0 Column Analysis Report 78
9.1 Canisius Bong
9.2 Joyce Wee
9.3 Tan Wing Hoe
10.0 Appendix 94
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 3
1.0 Brief Description of Building
In this project, we are required to design a double-storey bungalow together, carry out
structural framing and prepare structural drawings for the bungalow. The project is an
integrated component where it involves structural theory, force calculation and basic
structural proposal. This project is designed to allow the demonstration of knowledge and
understanding of building structure.
The bungalow is a 324m2 building which includes spaces such as:
(A) 1 master bedroom with attached study room, wardrobe, and bathroom
(B) 1 bedroom with attached bathroom
(C) 1 bedroom
(D) 1 guest room with attached
bathroom
(E) 1 maid room
(F) 2 bathrooms
(G) 2 living room (ground floor and first
floor)
(H) 1 family theatre
(I) 1 double volume dining room
(J) 1 dry and wet kitchen
(K) 1 laundry area
(L) 1 storeroom
(M) 1 outdoor covered car porch
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 4
2.0 Architectural Plan Drawings
2.1 Ground Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 5
2.2 First Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 6
2.3 Roof Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 7
3.0 Structural Plan Drawings
3.1 Ground Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 8
3.2 First Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 9
3.3 Roof Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 10
4.0 Slab System Analysis (Load
Distribution)
4.1 Ground Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 11
4.2 First Floor Plan (scale 1:150)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 12
4.3 Roof Plan (scale 1:150)
4.4 Identification of Slab System
Formula to determine slab system:
If Ly/Lx >2, one-way slab system;
If Ly/Lx ≤2, two-way slab system.
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 13
5.0 Tributary Area
5.1 Ground Floor Plan
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 14
5.2 First Floor Plan
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 15
5.3 Roof Plan
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 16
6.0 Assumption of Dead Load and Live
7.0 Load
6.1 Assumptions on Dead Loads Acting on Structure (A) Slab self-weight
= 0.15 x 24kN/m3
= 3.6kN/m2
(B) Brick wall self-weight
= Wall thickness x Wall height x Density
= 0.1m x 3.0m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
(C) Primary Beam self-weight
= Beam size x Concrete density
= 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
(D) Secondary Beam self-weight
= Beam size x Concrete density
= 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
(E) Column self-weight
= Column size x Concrete density
= 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
*All dead loads (slabs, walls, beams, columns) are assumed to have a standard size.
* Dead load factor: 1.4
6.2 Assumptions on Live Loads Acting on Structure
(A) Bedroom :1.5kN/m2
(B) Living Room :4.0kN/m2
(C) Dining Room :2.0kN/m2
(D) Kitchen :3.0kN/m2
(E) Corridor :4.0kN/m2
(F) Bathroom :2.0kN/m2
(G) Study Room :1.5kN/m2
(H) Car Porch :2.0kN/m2
(I) Stairs :1.5kN/m2
(J) Family Area :2.0kN/m2
(K) Store Room :2.5kN/m2
*All assumptions on live loads are
referred to 4th schedule of UBBL for
live loads per room functions.
* Live load factor: 1.6
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 17
8.0 Individual Components Distribution
7.1 Beams
Canisius Bong
Joyce Wee
Tan Wing Hoe
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 18
7.2 Columns
Canisius Bong
Joyce Wee
Tan Wing Hoe
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 19
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 20
9.0 Beam Analysis Report
8.1 Canisius Bong
Beam A/3-6 (Ground Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (A-B/3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 2.29kN/m
○4 Slab (A-B/ 4-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 5.58kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (A/3-4) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 2.29kN/m
= 9.43kN/m
Total Dead Load at (A/4-6) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 5.58kN/m
= 12.72kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (A-B/ 3-4) = Bathroom x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.27kN/m
○2 Slab (A-B/ 4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 2.33kN/m
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab A-B/3-4 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab A-B/4-6 (Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 21
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (A/3-4) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 9.43kN/m (1.4) + 1.27kN/m (1.6)
= 13.20kN/m + 2.03kN/m
= 15.23kN/m
Ultimate Load for (A/4-6) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 12.72kN/m (1.4) + 2.33kN/m (1.6)
= 17.81kN/m + 3.73kN/m
= 21.54kN/m
Point Load
Referring to Beam A-B/4, point load from the beam is = 39.5KN
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load for A/3-4 = 15.23kN/m x 1.91m = 29.09kN
Total load for A/4-6 = 21.54kN/m x 5.18m = 111.58kN
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
R1(7.09) – (15.23 x 1.91)(6.14) – 39.5 (5.18) – (21.54 x 5.18 )(2.59) = 0
R1(7.09) – 178.61 – 204.61 – 288.98 = 0
R1 = 672.2/7.09
R1 = 94.81kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
R1+R2 – 39.5 – 15.23(1.91) – 21.54(5.18) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
94.81 + R2 – 39.5 – 15.23(1.91) – 21.54(5.18) = 0
94.81 + R2 – 39.5 – 29.09 – 111.58 = 0
R2 – 85.36 = 0
R2 = 85.36kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 22
Load Diagram
169
0kN 0kN
Positive area – Negative area
+ve = [1/2 x (94.81 + 65.72)(1.91)] +
[1/2 x (26.22 x 1.22)]
= 153.30 + 15.99
= 169.29 ≈ 169
-ve = 1/2 x (- 85.36)(5.18-1.22
= 169.01 ≈ 169
-85.36kN
0kN
0kN 0kN
26.22kN
0kN
65.72kN
94.18kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Using Triangular Proportion
x/5.18 = 26.22/(26.22 + 85.36)
x = 1.22
x
0kN 85.3
6
x
0kN
0kN
26.22
6
x
0kN
0kN
5.18
6
x
0kN
0kN
Bending Moment Diagram
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 23
Beam H/3-5 (First Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load at Beam H-I/4:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (H-I/3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.91m/2)
= 3.44kN/m
○4 Slab (H-I/ 4-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 3.72kN/m
Total Dead Load at Beam H-I/4:
Total Dead Load = 0.48kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 3.44kN/m
+ 3.72kN/m
= 13.34kN/m
Live Load at Beam H-I/4:
○1 Slab (H-I/ 3-4) = Bathroom x (1.91m/2)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.91m/2)
= 1.91kN/m
○2 Slab (H-I/ 4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.55kN/m
Total Live Load at Beam H-I/4
Total Live Load = 1.91kN/m + 1.55kN/m
= 3.46kN/m
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab H-I/3-4 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab H-I/4-6 (Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 24
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (H/3-5) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 13.34kN/m (1.4) + 3.46kN/m (1.6)
= 18.68kN/m + 5.54kN/m
= 24.22kN/m
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load = 3.1m x 24.22kN/m
= 75.08 kN
Reactions (UDL):
Reactions = (3.1 x 24.22)/2
= 37.54kN
Load Diagram
29.09kN
0kN 0kN
0kN
-37.54kN
37.54kN
0kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
Point 1 = 37.54kN
Point 2 = 37.54 – (24.22 x 3.1)
= -37.54
Point 3 = -37.54 + 37.54
= 0kN
Area of Triangle
= ½ x 1.55 x 37.54
=29.09
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 25
Dead Load at Beam H/3-5:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (H-I/3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 2.29kN/m
○4 Slab (H-I/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 5.58kN/m
Total Dead Load at Beam (H/3-5):
Total Dead Load at (H/3-4) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 2.29kN/m
= 9.43kN/m
Total Dead Load at (H/4-5) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 5.58kN/m
= 12.72kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-I/3-4) = Bathroom x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.27kN/m
○2 Slab (H-I/4-5) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 2.33kN/m
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (H/3-4) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 9.43kN/m (1.4) + 1.27kN/m (1.6)
= 13.20kN/m + 2.03kN/m
= 15.23kN/m
Ultimate Load for (H/4-5) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 12.72kN/m (1.4) + 2.33kN/m (1.6)
= 17.81kN/m + 3.73kN/m
= 21.54kN/m
Point Load
Referring to Beam H-I/4, point load from the beam is = 37.54KN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 26
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load for H/3-4 = 15.23kN/m x 1.91m = 29.09kN
Total load for H/4-5 = 21.54kN/m x 1.79m = 38.56kN
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
R1(3.7) – (15.23 x 1.91)(2.75) – 37.54(1.79) – (21.54 x 1.79 )(0.90) = 0
R1(3.7) – 80 – 67.20 – 34.70 = 0
R1 = 181.97/3.7
R1 = 49.18kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
R1+R2 – 37.54 – 15.23(1.91) – 21.54(1.79) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
49.18 + R2 – 37.54 – 15.23(1.91) – 21.54(1.79) = 0
49.18 + R2 – 37.54 – 29.09 – 38.56 = 0
R2 – 56.01 = 0
R2 = 56.01kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 27
Load Diagram
-17.41kN
0kN
66
0kN 0kN
Area of Trapezium at (+) area
= (49.18 + 20.09) x 1.91/2
=66.15 ≈ 66
Area of Trapezium at ( - ) area
= (-17.41 – 56.01) x 1.79/2
= -65.71 ≈ 66
Area of ( + ) area + Area of ( - ) area
= 66-66
=0
-56.01kN
0kN
0kN 0kN
20.09kN
49.18kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 28
Beam H-I/6 (First Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (H-I/4-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 3.72kN/m
○4 Slab (H-I/6-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (2.67m/2)
= 4.81kN/m
Total Dead Load
Total Dead Load = 0.48kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 3.72kN/m
+ 4.81kN/m
= 14.71kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-I/4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.55kN/m
○2 Slab (H-I/6-7) = Bedroom x (2.67m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (2.67m/2)
= 2.00kN/m
Total Live Load
Total Live Load = 1.55kN/m + 2.00kN/m
= 3.55kN/m
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab H-I/4-6 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab H-I/6-7 (Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 29
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (H-I/6) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 14.71kN/m (1.4) + 3.55kN/m (1.6)
= 20.59kN/m + 5.68kN/m
= 26.27kN/m
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load = 3.1m x 26.27kN/m
= 81.44kN
Reactions (UDL):
Reactions = (3.1 x 26.27)/2
= 40.72kN
Load Diagram
31.56kN
0kN 0kN
0kN
-40.72kN
40.72kN
0kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
Point 1 = 40.72 kN
Point 2 = 40.72 – (26.27x 3.1)
= -40.72
Point 3 = -40.72 + 40.72
= 0kN
Area of Triangle
= ½ x 1.55 x 40.72
=31.56
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 30
Beam I/5-7 (First Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load
at Beam H/3-5:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (H-I/3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 5.58kN/m
○4 Slab (H-I/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (2.67m/2) x (2/3)
= 3.20kN/m
○5 Slab (I-L/5-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (5.8 m/2)
= 10.44kN/m
Total Dead Load
Total Dead Load at (I/5-6) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 5.58kN/m
+ 10.44kN/m
= 23.16kN/m
Total Dead Load at (I/6-7) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 3.20kN/m
+ 10.44kN/m
= 20.78kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-I/4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 2.33kN/m
○2 Slab (H-I/6-7) = Bedroom x (2.67m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (2.67m/2) x (2/3)
= 1.34kN/m
○3 Slab (I-L/5-7) = Bedroom x (5.8m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (5.8/2)
=4.35kN/m
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab H-I/4-6 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab H-I/6-7 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 3 : Slab I-L/5-7 (Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 31
Total Live Load
Total live load at (I/5-6) = 2.33kN/m + 4.35kN/m
= 6.68kN/m
Total live load at (I/6-7) = 1.34kN/m + 4.35kN/m
= 5.69kN/m
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (I/5-6) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 23.16kN/m (1.4) + 6.68kN/m (1.6)
= 32.42kN/m + 10.69kN/m
= 43.11kN/m
Ultimate Load for (I/6-7) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 20.78kN/m (1.4) + 5.69kN/m (1.6)
= 29.09kN/m + 9.10kN/m
= 38.19kN/m
Point Load
Referring to Beam H-I/6 point load from the beam is = 40.72KN
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load for I/5-6 = 43.11kN/m x 3.39m = 146.14kN
Total load for I/6-7 = 39.19kN/m x 2.67m = 101.97kN
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
R1(6.06) – (43.11 x 3.39)(4.37) – 40.72(2.67) – (38.19 x 2.67 )(1.34) = 0
R1(6.06) – 638.64 – 108.72– 138.17 = 0
R1 = 885.53/6.06
R1 = 146.12kN -----○A
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 32
∑fy = 0
R1+R2 – 40.72 – 43.11(3.39) – 38.19(2.67) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
146.12 + R2 – 40.72 – 43.11(3.39) – 38.19(2.67) = 0
146.12 + R2 – 40.72 – 146.14 – 101.97 = 0
R2 – 142.71= 0
R2 = 142.71kN
Load Diagram
.
-40.74kN
0kN
-142.71kN
0kN
0kN 0kN
-0.02kN
146.12kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
Using Triangular Proportion
x/3.39 = 146.12/146.14
x = 3.39
146.12
6
x
0kN
0kN 146.14
6
x
0kN
0kN
x
0kN
Positive area – Negative area
+ve = 1/2 x (146.12)(3.39)
= 247.67 ≈ 247
-ve = [1/2 x (- 142.71 + -40.74)(2.67)
+[1/2 x (-0.02 x 3.39)
= -246.91 + -0.03
= -246.94 ≈ -247
247-247 = 0
0kN
247
0kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 33
Beam H-K/7 (First Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (H-I/6-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (2.67m/2)
= 4.81kN/m
○4 Slab (I-L/5-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (5.8 m/2)
= 10.44kN/m
Total Dead Load
Total Dead Load at (H-I/7) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 4.81kN/m
= 11.95kN/m
Total Dead Load at (I-K/7) = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 10.44kN/m
= 17.58kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-I/6-7) = Bedroom x (2.67m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (2.67m/2)
= 2.00kN/m
○2 Slab (I-L/5-7) = Bedroom x (5.8m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (5.8m/2)
= 4.35kN/m
Ultimate Load
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab H-I/6-7 (Two-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab I-L/5-7(Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 34
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (H-I/) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 11.95kN/m (1.4) + 2.00kN/m (1.6)
= 16.73kN/m + 3.2kN/m
= 19.93kN/m
Ultimate Load for (I-K/7) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 17.58kN/m (1.4) + 4.35kN/m (1.6)
= 24.61kN/m + 6.96kN/m
= 31.57kN/m
Point Load
Referring to Beam I/5-7, point load from the beam is = 142.71KN
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load for H-I/7 = 19.93kN/m x 3.1m = 61.78kN
Total load for I-K/7 = 31.57kN/m x 3.21m = 101.34kN
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
R1(6.31) – (19.93 x 3.1)(4.76) – (142.71 X 3.21) – (31.57 x 3.21 )(1.61)= 0
R1(6.31) – 294.09 – 1458.10– 163.16 = 0
R1 = 915.35/6.31
R1 = 145.06kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
R1+R2 – 142.71 – 19.93(3.1) – 31.57(3.21) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
145.06 + R2 – 142.71 – 19.93(3.1) – 31.57(3.21) = 0
145.06 + R2 – 142.71 – 61.78 – 101.34 = 0
R2 – 160.77 = 0
R2 = 160.77kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 35
Load Diagram
0kN
0kN
0kN
-59.43kN
0kN
353
-160.77kN
0kN
0kN
83.28kN
145.06kN
(+)
(-)
Shear Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
Positive area – Negative area
+ve = 1/2 x (146.12)(3.39)
= 247.67 ≈ 247
-ve = [1/2 x (- 142.71 + -40.74)(2.67)
+[1/2 x (-0.02 x 3.39)
= -246.91 + -0.03
= -246.94 ≈ -247
247-247 = 0
Area of Trapezium at (+) area
= (145.06 + 83.28) x 3.1/2
=353.93 ≈ 353
Area of Trapezium at ( - ) area
= (-59.43 – 160.77) x 3.21/2
= -353.43 ≈ 353
Area of ( + ) area + Area of ( - ) area
= 353-353
=0
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 36
Beam H-I/6 (First Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
○2 Brick wall self-weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m2
= 5.7kN/m
○3 Slab (I-N/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.7m/2)
= 6.66kN/m
○4 Slab (I-L/5-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (5.8m/2)
= 10.44kN/m
Total Dead Load
Total Dead Load = 1.44kN/m + 5.7kN/m + 6.66kN/m
+ 10.44kN/m
= 24.24kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (I-N/3-5) = Living Room x (3.7m/2)
= 4.0kN/m2 x (3.7m/2)
= 7.4kN/m
○2 Slab (I-L/5-7) = Bedroom x (5.8m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (5.8m/2)
= 4.35kN/m
Total Live Load
Total Live Load = 7.4kN/m + 4.35kN/m
= 11.75kN/m
○1 Carries self-weight – Dead Load
○2 Sab Dead Load & Live Load
Slab 1 : Slab I-N/3-5 (One-Way Slab)
Slab 2 : Slab I-LI/5-7 (Two-Way Slab)
○3 Brick Wall – Dead Load
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 37
Ultimate Load
Apply factor 1.4 and 1.6 to dead load and live load respectively.
Ultimate Load for (H-I/6) = Total Dead Load (1.4) + Total Live Load (1.6)
= 24.24kN/m (1.4) + 11.75kN/m (1.6)
= 33.94kN/m + 18.8kN/m
= 52.74kN/m
Ultimate Load Diagram
Total load = 5.8m x 52.74kN/m
= 305.89kN
Reactions (UDL):
Reactions = (5.8 x 52.74)/2
= 152.95kN
Load Diagram
Shear Force Diagram
221.78kN
0kN 0kN
0kN
-152.95kN
152.95kN
0kN
(+)
(-)
Bending Moment Diagram
Point 1 = 152.95kN
Point 2 = 152.95 – (52.74x 5.8)
= -152.95
Point 3 = -152.95 + 152.95
= 0kN
Area of Triangle
= ½ x 2.9 x 152.95
=221.78
8.2 Joyce Wee
Beam A-B/4 (Ground Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Slab (A-B/ 3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.91m/2)
= 3.44kN/m
○2 Slab (A-B/ 4-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2) 2/3
= 3.72kN/m
○3 Brick wall weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
=5.7kN/m
○4 Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load = 3.44 + 3.72 + 5.7 + 0.48
= 13.34kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (A-B/ 3-4) = Bathroom x (1.91m/2)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.91m/2)
= 1.91kN/m
○2 Slab (A-B/ 4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 2.33kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load = 1.91kN/m + 2.33kN/m
=4.24kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 39
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 13.34(1.4) + 4.24(1.6)
= 25.46kN/m
Load Diagram for Beam (A-B/4)
Reaction Force:
∑m = 0
(RA x 3.1) – (25.46 x 3.1)(1.55) = 0
RA(3.1) – 122.34 = 0
RA = 122.34/3.1
RA = 39.46kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RA + RB + (-25.46 x 3.1) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B
39.46 + RB – 78.926 = 0
RB = 78.926 – 39.46
RB = 39.5kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 40
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 39.46kN
Point 2 = 39.46 + (-25.46 x 3.1)
= 39.46 x 78.926
= -39.5K
Point 3 = -39.5 + 39.5
= 0kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (39.46 x 1.55) x ½
= 30.58
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 41
Beam B-D/5 (Ground Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Slab (B-D/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.21m/2) 2/3
= 3.85kN/m
○2 Slab (B-D/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 X (3.21m/2)2/3
= 3.85kN/m
○3 Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load = 3.85 + 3.85 + 0.48
= 8.18kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (B-D/3-5) = Stairs x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 1.605kN/m
At Slab (B-D/3-5),
Slab : Stairs = 3.21m : 1.4m
1.605 : α = 3.21 : 1.4
1.605/a = 3.21/1.4
a = 0.7kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 42
○2 Slab (B-D/3-5) = Corridor x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 4.0kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 4.28kN/m
At Slab (B-D/3-5),
Slab : Corridor = 3.21m : 1.81m
4.28 : α = 3.21 : 1.81
4.28/a = 3.21/1.81
a = 2.41kN/m
○3 Slab (B-D/3-5) = Stairs x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)2/3
= 1.605kN/m
At Slab (B-D/3-5),
Slab : Stairs = 3.21m : 1.4m
1.605 : α = 3.21 : 1.4
1.605/a = 3.21/1.4
a = 0.7kN/m
○4 Slab (B-D/3-5) = Corridor x (3.21/2)2/3
= 4.0kN/m2 x (3.21/2)2/3
= 4.28kN/m
At Slab (B-D/3-5),
Slab : Corridor = 3.21m : 1.81m
4.28 : α = 3.21 : 1.81
4.28/a = 3.21/1.81
a = 2.41kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (B-C) = 0.7 + 0.7
= 1.4kN/m
Total Live Load at (C-D) = 2.41 + 2.41
= 4.82kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 43
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (B-C) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 8.18(1.4) + 1.4(1.6)
= 13.69kN/m
Ultimate Load at (C-D) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 8.18(1.4) + 4.82(1.6)
= 19.16kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (B-D/5):
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
RB(3.21) – (19.16 x 1.81)(0.91) – (13.69)(2.51) = 0
RB(3.21) – 31.56 – 34.36 = 0
RB = 65.92/3.21
RB = 20.54kN/m -----○A
∑fy = 0
RB+RD-(13.69 X 1.4) – (19.16 X 1.81) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
20.54 + RD – 19.17 – 34.68 = 0
RD = 53.85 - 20.54
RD = 33.31kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 44
Shear Force Diagram:
Point 1 = 20.54
Point 2 = 20.54 – (13.69 x 1.4)
= 1.374
Point 3 = 1.374 – (19.16 x 1.81)
= -33.31
Point 4 = -33.31 + 33.31
= 0
Bending Moment Diagram:
Bending Moment 1
= (20.54 + 1.374)/2 x 1.4
= 15.34
Bending Moment 2
= 15.3398 + (1.374 x 0.3)/2
= 15.55
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 45
Beam B/3-6 (Ground Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Slab (A-B/3-4) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) 2/3
= 2.29kN/m
○2 Slab (A-B/4-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 5.58kN/m
○3 Slab (B-D/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)
= 5.78kN/m
○4 Slab (B-D/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)
= 5.78kN/m
○5 Brick wall weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○6 Beam self-weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (B/3-4) = 2.29 + 5.78 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 15.21kN/m
Total Dead Load at (B/4-5) = 5.58 + 5.78 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 18.5kN/m
Total Dead Load at (B/5-6) = 5.58 + 5.78 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 18.5kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (A-B/ 3-4) = Bathroom x (1.91m/2) 2/3
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.91m/2) 2/3
= 1.27kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 46
○2 Slab (A-B/ 4-6) = Bedroom x (3.1m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.1m/2)
= 2.33kN/m
○3 Slab (B-D/ 3-4) = Stairs x (3.21m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)
= 2.41kN/m
○4 Slab (D-F/ 5-6) = Stairs x (3.21m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)
= 2.41kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (B/3-4) = 1.27 + 2.41
= 3.68kN/m
Total Live Load at (B/4-5) = 2.33 + 2.41
= 4.74kN/m
Total Live Load at (B/5-6) = 2.33 + 2.41
= 4.74kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (B/3-4) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 15.21(1.4) + 3.68(1.6)
= 27.18kN/m
Ultimate Load at (B/4-6) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 18.5(1.4) + 4.74(1.6)
= 33.48kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (B/3-6):
○1 Referring to Beam (A-B/4), Point Load at B/4 = 39.5kN
○2 Referring to Beam (B-D/5), Point Load at B/5 = 20.76kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 47
Reaction Force:
∑m = 0
RB3(7.09) – (27.18 x 1.91)(6.14) – (39.5)(5.18) – (20.76)(3.39) – (33.48 x 5.18)(2.59) = 0
RB3(7.09) – 318.75 – 204.61 – 70.38 – 449.17 = 0
RB3 = 1042.91/7.09
RB3 = 147.1kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RB3 + RB6 – 39.5 – 20.76 – 27.18(1.91) – 33.48(5.18) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
147.1 + RB6 – 39.5 – 20.76 – 51.91 – 173.43 = 0
RB6 = 138.5kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 48
Shear Force Diagram:
Point 1 = 147.1
Point 2 = 147.1 – (27.18 x 1.91)
= 95.19
Point 3 = 95.19 – 39.5
= 55.69
Point 4 = 55.69 – (33.48 x 1.79)
= -4.24
Point 5 = -4.24 – 20.76
= -25
Point 6 = -25 – (33.48 x 3.39)
= - 138.5
Bending Moment Diagram:
Bending Point 1
= (147.1 + 95.19)/2 x 1.91
= 231.39
Bending Point 2
= 231.39 + (55.69 x 1.662)/2
= 277.67
Bending Point 3
= 277.67 – (4.24 x 0.128)/2
= 277.4
Bending Point 4
= 277.4 – (25 + 138.5)/2 x 3.39
= 0
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 49
Beam J/1-3 (First Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load at Beam (J-K/2):
○1 Slab (J-K/1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)2/3
= 2.172kN/m
○2 Slab (J-K/2-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)
= 2.88kN/m
○3 Brick Wall Load = 3.0m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○4 Beam Self-Weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load at Beam (J-K/2):
Total Dead Load = 2.17 + 2.88 + 5.7 + 0.48
= 11.23kN/m
Live Load:
1 Slab (J-K/1-2) = Bathroom x (1.81m/2)2/3
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)2/3
= 1.21kN/m
2 Slab (J-K/2-3) = Bedroom x (1.6m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)
= 1.2kN/m
Total Live Load at Beam (J-K/2):
Total Live Load = 1.21 + 1.2
= 2.41kN/m
Ultimate Load at Beam (J-K/2):
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 50
Ultimate Load = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 11.23(1.4) + 2.41(1.6)
= 19.58kN/m2
Load Diagram of beam (J-K/2):
Reaction Force
∑m = 0
RJ (1.81) – (19.58 x 1.81)(0.91) = 0
RJ (1.81) – 32.35 = 0
RJ = 32.25/1.81
RJ = 17.82kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RJ + RK – (19.58) (1.81) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
17.82 + RK – 35.44 = 0
RK = 17.62kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 51
Dead Load at Beam J/1-3
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (4.19m/2)2/3
= 5.03kN/m
○2 Slab (J-K/1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)
= 3.26kN/m
○3 Slab (J-K/2-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)2/3
= 1.92kN/m
○4 Brick Wall Weight = 3.0m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○5 Beam Self Weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load at Beam (J/1-3):
Total Dead Load at (J/1-2) = 5.03 + 3.26 + 5.7 + 0.48
= 14.47kN/m
Total Dead Load at (J/2-3) = 5.03 + 1.92 + 5.7 + 0.48
= 13.13kN/m
Live Load at Beam J/1-3
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = Bedroom x (4,19m/2)2/3
= 1.5kN/m2 x (4.19m/2)2/3
= 2.095kN/m
○2 Slab (J-K/1-2) = Bathroom x (1.81m/2)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)
= 1.81kN/m
○3 Slab J-K/2-3) = Bedroom x 1.6m/2)2/3
= 1.5kN/m2 x 1.6m/2)2/3
= 0.8kN/m
Total Live Load at Beam J/1-3:
Total Live Load at (J/1-2) = 2.095 + 1.81
= 3.905kN/m
Total Live Load at (J/2-3) = 2.095 + 0.8
= 2.895kN/m
Ultimate Load at Beam J/1-3
Ultimate Load at (J/1-2) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
=14.47(1.4) + 3.905(1.6)
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 52
= 26.51kN/m
Ultimate Load at (J/2-3) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 13.13(1.4) + 2.9(1.6)
= 23.02kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (J/1-3):
○1 Referring to Beam (J-K/2), Point Load at J/2 = 17.82kN
∑m = 0
RJ1(4.19) – (23.02 x 1.6) (0.8) – (17.82) (1.6) – (26.51 x 2.59) (2.9) = 0
RJ1(4.19) – 29.47 – 28.512 – 199.12 = 0
RJ1 = 257.1/4.19
RJ1 = 61.36kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RJ1 + RJ2 – 17.82 – (26.51 x 2.59) – (23.02 x 1.6) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
61.36 + RJ2 – 17.82 – 68.66 – 36.83 = 0
RJ2 = 61.95kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 53
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 61.36
Point 2 = 61.36 – (26.51 x 2.59)
= -7.3
Point 3 = -7.3 – 17.82
= -25.12
Point 4 = -25.12 – (23.02 x 1.6)
= -61.95
Point 5 = -61.95 + 61.95
Bending Moment Diagram
Bending Point 1
= (61.36 x 2.3)/2
= 70.56
Bending Point 2
= 70.56 – (7.3 x 0.29)/2
= 69.5
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 54
Beam H-K/1 (First Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load:
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (4.19m/2)
= 7.542kN/m
○2 Slab (J-K/1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)2/3
= 2.17kN/m
○3 Brick Wall Weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○4 Beam Self-Weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (H-J) = 7.542 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 14.68kN/m
Total Dead Load at (J-K) = 2.17 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 9.31kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = Bedroom x (4.19m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (4.19m/2)
= 3.14kN/m
○2 Slab (J-K/1-2) = Bathroom x (1.81m/2)2/3
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.81/2)2/3
= 1.21kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (H-J) = 3.14kN/m
Total Live Load at (J-K) = 1.21kN/m
Ultimate Load:
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 55
Ultimate Load at (H-J) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
=14.68(1.4) + 3.14(1.6)
= 25.57kN/m
Ultimate Load at (J-K) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 9.31(1.4) + 1.21(1.6)
= 14.97kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (H-K/1):
○1 Referring to Beam (J/1-3), Point Load at J/1 = 61.36kN
∑m = 0
RH (6.3) – (25.57 X 4.49) (4.06) – (61.36) (1.81) – (14.97 X 1.81) (0.91) = 0
RH (6.3) – 466.13 – 111.06 – 24.66 = 0
RH = 601.85/6.3
RH = 95.53kN/m -----○A
∑fy = 0
RH + RK – 61.36 – (25.57 X 4.49) – (14.97 X 1.81) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
95.53 + RK – 61.36 – 114.81 – 27.1 = 0
RK = 107.34kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 56
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 95.53
Point 2 = 95.53 – (25.57 x 4.49)
= -19.28
Point 3 = -19.28 – 61.36
= -80.64
Point 4 = -80.64 – (14.97 x 1.81)
= -107.34
Point 5 = -107.34 + 107.34
= 0
Bending Moment Diagram
Bending Point 1
= (95.53 x 3.73)/2
= 178.163
Bending Point 2
= 178.163 - (19.28 x 0.76)/2
= 170.837
Bending Point 3
= 170.837 – (80.64 + 107.34)/2 x 1.81
= 0
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 57
Beam I-K/3 (First Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (4.49m/2)
= 7.54kN/m
○2 Slab (I-N/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (4.71/2)
= 8.48kN/m
○3 Slab (J-K/2-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.6/2)
= 2.88kN/m
○4 Brick Wall Weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○5 Beam Self-Weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (I-J) = 7.54 + 8.48 + 5.7 + 1.44
= 23.16kN/m
Total Dead Load at (J-K) = 18.5kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (H-J/1-3) = Bedroom x (4.49m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (4.49m/2)
= 3.37kN/m
○2 Slab (I-N/3-5) = Living Room x (4.71m/2)
= 4.0kN/m2 x (4.71m/2)
= 9.4kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 58
○3 Slab (J-K/2-3) = Bedroom x (1.6m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x(1.6m/2)
= 1.2kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (I-J) = 3.37 + 9.4
= 12.77kN/m
Total Live Load at (J-K) = 9.4 + 1.2
= 10.6kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (I-J) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 23.16(1.4) + 12.77(1.6)
= 52.85kN/m
Ultimate Load at (J-K) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 18.5(1.4) + 10.6(1.6)
= 42.86kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (I-K/3):
○1 Referring to Beam (J/1-3), Point Load at J/3 = 61.95kN/m
∑m = 0
RI(3.21) – (52.85 x 1.4) (2.51) – (61.95) (1.81) – (42.86 x 1.81) (0.91) = 0
RI(3.21) – 185.71 – 112.13 – 70.59 = 0
RI = 368.43/3.21
RI = 114.76kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RI + RK – 61.95 – (52.85 X 1.4) – (42.86 X 1.81) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B ,
114.76 + RK – 61.95 – 73.99 – 77.58 = 0
RK = 98.76kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 59
Shear Force Diagram:
Point 1 = 114.76
Point 2 = 114.76 – (52.85 x 1.4)
=40.77
Point 3 = 40.77 – 61.95
= - 21.18
Point 4 = -21.18 – (42.86 x 1.81)
= -98.76
Point 5 = -98.76 + 98.76
= 0
Bending Moment Diagram
Bending Point 1
= (114.76 + 40.77)/2 x 1.4
= 108.87
Bending Point 2
= 108.87 - (21.18 + 98.76)/2 x 1.81
= 0
1.4 3.21
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 60
8.3 Tan Wing Hoe
Beam A-B/4 (Ground Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
1. Slab (C-D/ 1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.81m/2) x 2/3
= 2.17kN/m
2. Slab (C-D/ 2-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)
= 2.88kN/m
3. Brick wall weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
=5.7kN/m
4. Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load = 2.17 + 2.88 + 5.7 + 0.48
= 11.23kN/m
Live Load:
○1 Slab (C-D/ 1-2) = Bathroom x (1.81m/2)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)
= 1.21kN/m
○2 Slab (C-D/ 2-3) = Bedroom x (1.6m/2)
= 1.5kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)
= 1.2kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load = 1.21kN/m + 1.2kN/m
=2.41kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 61
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 11.23(1.4) + 2.41(1.6)
= 19.58kN/m
Load Diagram for Beam (C-D/2)
Reaction Force:
∑m = 0
(RA x 1.81) – (19.58 x 1.81)(0.91) = 0
RA(1.81) – 32.25 = 0
RA = 32.25/1.81
RA = 17.82kN -----○A
∑fy = 0
RA + RB + (-19.58 x 1.81) = 0 -----○B
Substitute ○A into ○B
17.82 + RB – 35.44 = 0
RB = 35.44-17.82
RB = 17.62kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 62
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 17.82
Point 2 = 17.82 -(19.58 x 1.81)
= 17.82 - 35.68
= -17.62
Point 3 = -17.62+17.62
= 0kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (17.82 x 1.55) x ½
= 13.81
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 63
Beam (F/3-5) (Ground Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
1. Slab (D-F/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.7m/2) 2/3
= 4.44kN/m
2. Slab (F-G/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 X (3.55m/2)
= 6.39kN/m
3. Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load = 4.44 + 6.39 + 0.48
= 11.31kN/m
Live Load:
1. Slab (D-F/3-5) = KTICHEN x (3.55m/2)
= 3kN/m2 x (3.55m/2)
= 5.33kN/m
2. Slab (D-F/3-5) = KTICHEN x (3.7m/2) x 2/3
= 3kN/m2 x (3.7m/2) x 2/3
= 3.7kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 64
Total Live Load:
= Slab (D-F/3-5) + Slab (D-F/3-5)
=(5.33+3.7) kN/m
=9.03kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 11.31(1.4) + 9.03(1.6)
= 30.28kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (B-D/5):
Reaction Forces:
∑m = 0
RB(3.7) – (30.28 x 3.7)(1.85) = 0
RB(3.7) – 207.27 = 0
RB = 207.27/3.7
RB = 56.02kN/m -----1
∑fy = 0
RB+RA-(30.28 X 3.7) = 0 -----2
Substitute 1 into2,
56.02+ RA –(30.28 x 3.7) = 0
- RA = 56.45-112.04
RA = 56.02kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 65
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 56.02
Point 2 = 56.02 -(30.28x 3.7)
= 56.02 - 111.93
= 55.91
Point 3 = 56.02-55.91
= 0.11kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (56.02x 1.55) x ½
= 43.42
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 66
Beam D-E/5 (Ground Floor | Secondary Beam)
Dead Load:
1. Slab (D-E/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.7m/2)
= 6.66kN/m
2. Slab (D-E/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (2.59m/2) x 2/3
= 3.11kN/m
3. Brick wall weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
4. Beam self-weight = 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load =(6.66+3.11+5.7+0.48)kN/m
=15.95Kn/M
Live Load:
○1 Slab (D-E/3-5) = Kitchen x (3.7m/2)
= 3.0kN/m2 x (3.7m/2)
= 5.55kN/m
○2 Slab (D-E/5-6) = Store x (2.59m/2) x 2/3
= 2.5kN/m2 x (2.59m/2) x 2/3
= 2.16kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 67
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load = Slab (D-E/3-5) + Slab (D-E/5-6)
=(5.55+2.16)Kn/m
=7.71 Kn/M
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
=15.95(1.4)+7.71(1.6)
=34.67 Kn/M
Load Diagram of Beam (D/4-5):
Reaction Force:
∑m = 0
RB(2.59) – (34.67 x 2.59)(1.3) = 0
RB(2.59) –116.73 = 0
RB = 116.73/2.59
RB = 45.06kN -----1
∑fy = 0
RB + RA –(34.67 x 2.59) = 0 -----2
Substitute 1 into2,
45.06 + RA –89.80 = 0
RA = 44.74kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 68
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 44.74
Point 2 = 44.74 -(34.63 x 2.59)
= 44.74 - 89.69
= -44.95
Point 3 = -44.95+45.06
= 0.11kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (44.74 x 1.55) x ½
= 34.67kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 69
Beam D/1-3 (Ground Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load:
1. Slab (C-D/1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)
= 3.26kN/m
2. Slab (C-D/2-3) = 3.6kN/m2 x (1.6m/2)2/3
= 1.92kN/m
3. Slab (D-F/1-2) = 3.6kN/m2 x (4.11M/2)
= 7.4kN/m
○3 Brick Wall Weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
○4 Beam Self-Weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (D/1-2) = (3.26 + 7.4 +1.44+5.7)Kn/M
A-B = 17.8kN/m
Total Dead Load at (D/2-3) = (1.92 + 7.4 + 5.7 + 1.44) kN/m
B-C = 16.48kN/m
Live Load:
1.Slab (C-D/1-2) = Bathroom x (1.81m/2)
= 2kN/m2 x (1.81m/2)
= 1.81kN/m
2. Slab (C-D/2-3) = Bedroom x (1.6m/2)2/3
= 1.5kN/m2 x (1.6/2)2/3
= 0.8kN/m
○2 Slab (C-D/2-3) = Dining x (4.11m/2)
= 2.0kN/m2 x (4.11/2)
=4.11kN/m
Total Live Load:
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 70
Total Live Load at (D/1-2)= 5.98kN/m
Total Live Load at (D/2-3)= 4.91kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (D/1-2)= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
=17.8(1.4) + 5.92(1.6)
= 34.39kN/m
Ultimate Load at (D/2-3)= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 16.481(1.4) + 4.91(1.6)
= 30.93kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (D/1-3):
○1 Referring to Beam (C-D/ 2), Point Load at D1 =17.62 kN
∑m = 0
RC (4.19) – (30.93 X 1.6) (3.39) – (17.62) (2.59) – (34.39 x 2.59) (1.3) = 0
RC (4.19) – 167.76 – 45.64– 115.79 = 0
RC = 329.16/64.19
RC = 78.56kN/m -----1
∑fy = 0
RC + RA – 17.62 – (34.39 X 2.59) – (30.93 X 1.6) = 0 -----2
Substitute 1 into 2,
78.56 + RA – 17.62 – 89.07 – 49.49 = 0
RA = 77.62kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 71
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 77.62
Point 2 = 77.62-(34.39 x 2.59)
= 77.62 - 89.07
= -11.45
Point 3 =-11.45-17.62
= -29.07
Point 4 = -29.07 - (30.93 x 1.6)
= -79.19
Point 5 = -79.19+78.56
=-0.63kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (44.74 x 1.55) x ½
= 34.67kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 72
d
Beam E-G/5 (Ground Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load
1. Slab (E-G/5-7) = 3.6kN/m2 x (5.08m/2) x 2/3
= 6.10kN/m
2. Slab (E-G/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.55/2) x 2/3
= 4.26kN/m
3. Slab (D-F/3-5)= 3.6kN/m2 x (3.7/2)
= 6.66kN/m
Load involved area =6.66Kn/m x 1.52/2.59
=3.91 kN/m
4. Brick Wall Weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
5. Beam Self-Weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (A-B) = 6.10 + 6.66 +3.91+ 5.7 + 1.44
= 17.15kN/m
Total Dead Load at (B-C) = 6.1+4.26+5.7+1.44
=17.5 Kn/M
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 73
Live Load:
○1 Slab (E-G/5-7) = PORCH x (5.08m/2) x 2/3
= 2.0kN/m2 x (5.08m/2) x 2/3
= 3.38kN/m
○2 Slab (F-G/3-5) = KITCHEN x (3.55/2) x 2/3
= 3.0kN/m2 x (3.55/2) x 2/3
= 3.54kN/m
○3 Slab (D-F/3-5) = KITCHEN x (3.7m/2)
= 3.0kN/m2 x(3.7m/2)
= 3.26kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (A-B) = 6.64kN/m
Total Live Load at (B-C) = 6.92kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (A-B) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 17.15(1.4) + 6.64(1.6)
= 34.63kN/m
Ultimate Load at (B-C) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 17.5(1.4) + 6.92(1.6)
= 35.57kN/m
Load Diagram of Beam (E-G/5):
1. Referring to Beam (F/3-5), Point Load at D/5 = 56.02kN/m
∑m = 0
RC(5.08) – (35.57 x 3.55) (3.29) – (56.02) (1.52) – (34.63 x 1.52) (0.76) = 0
RC(5.08) – 415.44 – 85.15 – 40 = 0
RC = 540.59/5.08
RC = 106.42kN -----1
∑fy = 0
RC + RA – 56.02 – (34.63 X 1.52) – (35.57 X 3.55) = 0 -----2
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 74
Substitute 1 into 2,
106.42 + RA – 56.02 – 52.64 – 126.27 = 0
RA = 128.51kN
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 =128.51 - 34.63(1.52)
=128.51 - 52.64
= 75.87
Point 2 = 75.87 - 56.02
= 19.85
Point 3 = 19.85 - 35.57(3.55)
= 19.85 -126.27
= -106.42
Point 4 =-106.42+106.42
=0kN
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (44.74 x 1.55) x ½
= 34.67kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 75
Beam D/3-6 (Ground Floor | Primary Beam)
Dead Load
1. Slab (B-C/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.21m/2)
= 5.78kN/m
2. Slab (D-E/5-6) = 3.6kN/m2 x (2.59/2)
= 4.66kN/m
3. Slab (B-D/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.21/2)
= 5.78kN/m
4. Slab (D-F/3-5) = 3.6kN/m2 x (3.7/2) x 2/3
= 4.44kN/m
Load involved area =6.66Kn/m x 1.52/2.59
=3.91 kN/m
5. Brick Wall Weight = 3m x 0.1m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
6. Beam Self-Weight = 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
Total Dead Load:
Total Dead Load at (A-B) = 5.78 + 4.44 + 1.44
= 11.66kN/m
Total Dead Load at (B-C) = 5.78+4.66+5.7+1.44
=17.58 Kn/M
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 76
Live Load:
1. Slab (B-C/5-6) = Corridor x (3.21/2)
= 4.0kN/m2 x (3.21/2)
= 6.42kN/m
2. Slab (D-E/5-6) = Store x (2.59/2)
= 2.5kN/m2 x (2.59/2)
= 3.24kN/m
3. Slab (B-D/3-5) = Corridor x (3.21/2)
= 4.0kN/m2 x (3.21/2)
= 6.42kN/m
4. Slab (D-F/3-5) = Kitchen x (3.7/2) x 2/3
= 3.0kN/m2 x(3.7/2) x 2/3
= 3.7kN/m
Total Live Load:
Total Live Load at (A-B) = 6.94kN/m
Total Live Load at (B-C) = 9.66kN/m
Ultimate Load:
Ultimate Load at (A-B) = TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 11.66(1.4) + 6.94(1.6)
= 27.43kN/m
Ultimate Load at (B-C) = TDL(1.4) + TLL(1.6)
= 17.58(1.4) + 9.66(1.6)
= 40.07kN/m
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 77
Load Diagram of Beam (D/3-6):
1. Referring to Beam (D-E/5), Point Load at B = 14.60kN/m
2. Referring to Beam (B-D/5), Point Load at B = 33.31kN/m
∑m = 0
Rc(7.09) – (40.07 x 3.39) (4.08) – (14.60 x 2.59) - (33.31 x 3.21) - (27.48 x 3.7)(1.85)= 0
Rc(7.09) – 554.22 – 37.81 - 106.93– 188.10 = 0
Rc = 887.06/7.09
Rc = 125.11kN -----1
∑fy = 0
Rc + Ra – 14.60 - 33.31– (27.48 X 3.7) – (40.12 X 3.39) = 0 -----2
Substitute 1 into 2,
125.11+ Ra – 101.68 – 14.60 - 33.31 – 136 = 0
Ra = 160.48kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 78
Shear Force Diagram
Point 1 = 160.48- 27.43(3.7)
= 58.99
Point 2 = 58.99-47.91
= 11.08
Point 3 =11.08 - 40.07(3.39)
= - 124.76
Point 4 = -124.76 + 125.11
Point 5 = 0.35
Bending Moment Diagram
Peak = (44.74 x 1.55) x ½
= 34.67kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 79
10.0 Column Analysis Report
9.1 Canisius Bong
Column A/3 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (3.05 x 1.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 4.73m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 17.03kN
○2 Roof Beam = (0.96 + 2.09 + 1.55) m x 1.44kN/m
= 4.60m x 1.44kN/m
= 6.62kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 17.03N + 6.62kN
= 23.65kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.05 x 1.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 4.73m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.09m x 1.55m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 17.03kN = 4.86kN
○2 Wall = (0.96m + 2.09m + 1.55m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Toilet
= 4.60m x 5.7kN/m = (0.96m x 1.55m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 26.22kN = 2.98kN
○3 Beam = (0.96m + 2.09m + 1.55m) x 1.44kN/m
= 4.60m x 1.44kN/m
= 6.62kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 17.03kN + 26.22kN + 6.62kN + 6.48kN = 4.86kN + 2.98kN
= 56.35kN = 7.84kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 80
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.05 x 1.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 4.73m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.09m x 1.55m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 17.03kN = 4.86kN
○2 Wall = (0.96m + 2.09m + 1.55m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Toilet
= 4.60m x 5.7kN/m = (0.96m x 1.55m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 26.22kN = 2.98kN
○3 Beam = (0.96m + 2.09m + 1.55m) x 1.44kN/m
= 4.60m x 1.44kN/m
= 6.62kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 17.03kN + 26.22kN + 6.62kN + 6.48kN = 4.86kN + 2.98kN
= 56.35kN = 7.84kN
Total Dead Load at Column A/3 Total Live Load at Column A/3
= 23.65kN + 56.35kN + 56.35kN = 7.84kN + 7.84kN
= 136.35kN = 15.68kN
Ultimate Load at Column A/3
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 136.35kN (1.4) + 15.68kN (1.6)
= 190.89kN + 25.09kN
= 215.98kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 81
Column E/5 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (2.06 x 3.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 7.31m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 26.32kN
○2 Roof Beam = (1.3 + 1.7 + 0.76) m x 1.44kN/m
= 3.76m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.41kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 26.32kN + 5.41kN
= 31.73kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (2.06 x 3.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Living Room
= 7.31m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.85m x 2.06m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 26.32kN = 15.24kN
○2 Wall = (1.3m + 1.7m + 0.76m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Bedrrom
= 3.76m x 5.7kN/m = (1.3m x 1.7m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 21.43kN = 3.32kN
○3 Beam = (1.3m + 1.7m + 0.76m) x 1.44kN/m ○3 Bedroom
= 3.76m x 1.44kN/m = (0.76m x 1.7m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 5.41kN = 1.94kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 26.32kN + 21.43kN + 5.41kN + 6.48kN = 15.24kN + 3.32kN + 1.94kN
= 59.64KN = 20.5kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 82
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (2.06 x 3.55) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Dining Room
= 7.31m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.85m x 2.06m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 26.32kN = 7.62kN
○2 Wall = (1.3m + 1.7m + 0.76m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Family Area
= 3.76m x 5.7kN/m = (1.3m x 1.7m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 21.43kN = 4.42kN
○3 Beam = (1.3m + 1.7m + 0.76m) x 1.44kN/m ○3 Car Porch
= 3.76m x 1.44kN/m = (0.76m x 1.7m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 5.41kN = 2.58kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 26.32kN + 21.43kN + 5.41kN + 6.48kN = 7.62kN + 4.42kN + 2.58kN
= 59.64kN = 14.62kN
Total Dead Load at Column E/5 Total Live Load at Column E/5
= 31.73kN + 59.64kN + 59.64kN = 14.62kN + 20.5kN
= 151.01kN = 35.12kN
Ultimate Load at Column E/5
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 151.01kN (1.4) + 35.12kN (1.6)
= 211.41kN + 56.19kN
= 267.6kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 83
Column E/7 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (2.06 x 3.31) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 6.82m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 24.55kN
○2 Roof Beam = (1.3 + 1.34 + 0.76 + 1.97) m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.37m x 1.44kN/m
=3.41kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 24.55kN + 3.41kN
= 27.96kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.83 x 3) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedrrom
= 11.49m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.3m x 3m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 41.36kN = 5.85kN
○2 Wall = (1.3m + 2.53m + 3m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Bedroom
= 6.83m x 5.7kN/m = (2.53m x 3m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 38.93kN = 11.39kN
○3 Beam = (1.3m + 2.53m + 3m) x 1.44kN/m
= 6.83m x 1.44kN/m
= 9.84kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 41.36kN + 38.93kN + 9.84kN + 6.48kN = 5.85kN + 11.39kN
= 96.61kN = 17.24kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 84
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (2.06 x 3.31) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Living Area
= 6.82m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.3m x 1.34m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 24.55kN = 6.97kN
○2 Wall = (1.3m + 1.34m + 0.76m + 1.97m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Living Area
= 5.37m x 5.7kN/m = (1.3m x 1.97m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 30.61kN = 10.24kN
○3 Beam = (1.3m + 1.3m + 0.76m + 1.97m) x 1.44kN/m ○3 Car Porch
= 5.37m x 1.44kN/m = (0.76m x 1.34m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 7.73kN = 2.04kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3 ○4 Car Porch
= 6.48kN = (0.76m x 1.97m) x 2.0kN/m2
= 2.99kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 24.55kN + 30.61kN + 5.37kN + 6.48kN = 6.97kN + 10.24kN + 2.04kN + 2.99kN
= 67.01kN = 22.24kN
Total Dead Load at Column E/7 Total Live Load at Column E/7
= 27.96kN + 96.61kN + 67.01kN = 17.24kN + 22.24kN
= 191.58kN = 39.48kN
Ultimate Load at Column E/7
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 191.58kN (1.4) + 39.48N (1.6)
= 268.21kN + 63.17kN
= 331.38N
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 85
9.2 Joyce Wee
Column A/1 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (3.155 x 2.09) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 6.59m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 23.72kN
○2 Roof Beam = (3.155 + 2.09) m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.245m x 1.44kN/m
= 7.55kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 23.72kN + 7.55kN
= 31.27kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.155 x 2.09)m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 6.59m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.09m x 3.155m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 23.72kN = 9.89kN
○2 Wall = (3.155m + 2.09m) x 5.7kN/m
= 5.245m x 5.7kN/m
= 29.9kN
○3 Beam = (3.155m + 2.09m) x 1.44kN/m
= 5.75m x 1.44kN/m
= 7.55kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 23.72kN + 29.9kN + 7.55kN + 6.48kN = 9.89kN
= 67.65kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 86
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.155 + 2.09) m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 6.59m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (3.155m x 2.09m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 23.72kN = 9.89kN
○2 Wall = (3.155m + 2.09m) x 5.7kN/m
= 5.245m x 5.7kN/m
= 29.9kN
○3 Beam = (3.155 + 2.09) m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.245m x 1.44kN/m
= 7.55kN
○4 Column = 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 23.72kN + 29.9kN + 7.55kN + 6.48kN = 9.89kN
= 67.65kN
Total Dead Load at Column A/1 Total Live Load at Column A/1
= 31.27kN + 67.65kN + 67.65kN = 9.89kN + 9.89kN
= 166.57kN = 19.78kN
Ultimate Load at Column A/1
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 166.57kN (1.4) + 19.78kN (1.6)
= 233.198kN + 31.648kN
= 264.85kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 87
Column D/3 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (3.66 x 3.94) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 14.42m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 51.91kN
○2 Roof Beam = (2.09 + 1.61 + 2.05) m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.75m x 1.44kN/m
= 8.28kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 51.91kN + 8.28kN
= 60.19kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.36m2 + 2.98m2 + 3.79m2) x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 10.13m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.09m x 1.61m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 36.468kN = 5.05kN
○2 Wall = (2.09m + 1.61m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Corridor
= 3.7m x 5.7kN/m = (3.66m x 1.85m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 21.09kN = 27.08kN
○3 Beam = (2.09m + 1.61m + 2.05m) x 1.44kN/m
= 5.75m x 1.44kN/m
= 8.28kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 36.47kN + 21.09kN + 8.28kN + 6.48kN = 5.05kN + 27.08kN
= 72.32kN = 32.13kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 88
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (1.61 + 2.05)m x (2.09 + 1.85)m x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= (3.66m x 3.94m) x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.09m x 1.61m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 51.91kN = 5.05kN
○2 Wall = (2.05m + 2.09m + 1.61m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Corridor
= 5.75m x 5.7kN/m = (1.85m x 1.61m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 32.78kN = 11.91kN
○3 Beam = (2.05 + 2.09 + 1.61 + 1.85) m x 1.44kN/m ○3 Kitchen
= 7.6m x 1.44kN/m = (3.94m x 2.05m) x 3.0kN/m2
= 10.944kN = 24.231kN
○4 Column = 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 51.91kN + 32.78kN + 10.944kN + 6.48kN = 5.05kN + 11.91kN + 24.23kN
= 234.62kN = 41.19kN
Total Dead Load at Column D/3 Total Live Load at Column D/3
= 60.19kN + 72.32kN + 102.11kN = 32.13kN + 41.19kN
= 234.62kN = 73.32kN
Ultimate Load at Column D/3
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 234.62kN (1.4) + 73.32kN (1.6)
= 328.47kN + 117.312kN
= 445.78kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 89
Column D/6 (Acting on Ground Floor Only)
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (1.7 + 1.34)m (1.61 + 3.83)m x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Corridor
= (3.04m x 5.444m) x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.61m x 1.7) x 4.0kN/m2
= 59.54kN = 10.95kN
○2 Wall = (1.7m + 3.83m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Living Room
= 5.53m x 5.7kN/m = (1.61m + 3.83m) x 1.34m x 4.0kN/m2
= 31.52kN = 29.16kN
○3 Beam = (1.7 + 3.83 + 1.34 + 1.61) m x 1.44kN/m ○3 Storeroom
= 8.48m x 1.44kN/m = (1.7m x 3.83m) x 2.5kN/m2
= 12.214kN = 16.28kN
○4 Column = 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 51.54kN + 31.52kN + 12.21kN + 6.48kN = 10.95kN + 29.16kN + 16.28kN
= 109.75kN = 56.39kN
Total Dead Load at Column D/6 Total Live Load at Column D/6
= 109.75kN = 56.39kN
Ultimate Load at Column D/6
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 109.75kN (1.4) + 56.39kN (1.6)
= 153.65kN + 90.22kN
= 243.87kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 90
9.3 Tan Wing Hoe
Column B/3 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (2.95 x 3.505) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 37.22 kN
○2 Roof Beam = (2.95 + 3.505) m x 1.44kN/m
= 14.89 kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 37.22kN + 14.89kN
= 52.11kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (2.95 x 3.505)m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 10.16m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.95 x 3.505m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 36.58kN = 15.51kN
○2 Wall = (2.95 + 1.55 + 1.91m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Bathroom
= 6.41m x 5.7kN/m =(1.91 x 1.55)m x2.0kN/m2
= 36.54kN =5.92kn
○3 Beam = (3.155m + 2.09m) x 1.44kN/m ○3 Stairs
= (2.95 + 3.505) m x 1.44kN/m =(1.4 x 1.91) x 1.5kN/m2
= 14.89 kN =4.01
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 36.58kN + 36.54kN + 14.89kN + 6.48kN = 15.51kN + 5.92kN + 4.01kN
= 94.49kN =25.44 kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 91
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (2.95 x 3.505)m2 x 3.6kN/m2 ○1 Bedroom
= 10.16m2 x 3.6kN/m2 = (2.95 x 3.505m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 36.58kN = 15.51kN
○2 Wall = (2.95 + 1.55 + 1.91m) x 5.7kN/m ○2 Bathroom
= 6.41m x 5.7kN/m =(1.91 x 1.55)m x2.0kN/m2
= 36.54kN =5.92kn
○3 Beam = (3.155m + 2.09m) x 1.44kN/m ○3 Stairs
= (2.95 + 3.505) m x 1.44kN/m =(1.4 x 1.91) x 1.5kN/m2
= 14.89 kN =4.01
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 36.58kN + 36.54kN + 14.89kN + 6.48kN = 15.51kN + 5.92kN + 4.01kN
= 94.49kN =25.44 kN
Total Dead Load at Column B/3 Total Live Load at Column B/3
= 52.11kN + 94.49kN + 94.49kN = 25.44kN + 25.44kN
= 241.09kN = 50.88kN
Ultimate Load at Column B/3
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 241.09(1.4) + 50.88kN (1.6)
= 337.53kN + 81.41kN
= 418.94kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 92
Column G/5 (Connected to All Floors)
-Roof Level-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Roof Slab = (2.53 x 3.58) m2 x 3.6kN/m2
= 32.61kN
○2 Roof Beam = (2.53 x 3.58) m x 1.44kN/m
= 13.04kN
Total Dead Load at Roof Level
= 51.91kN + 8.28kN
= 60.19kN
-First Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (4.03m2 + 4.82m2) x 3.6kN/m2 1.Bedroom
= 31.86kN - (2.97x1.5)m x 3,6kN/m = (2.015 x 1.85m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 30.96kN - 16.04
= 14.92kN = 3.73kN
○2 Wall = (2.53m + 2.015m + 1.85m + 1.79m) x 5.7kN/m 2. Corridor
= 8.19m x 5.7kN/m = (2.53m x 1.85m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 46.69kN = 18.72kN
○3 Beam = (2.53m + 2.015m + 1.85m + 1.79m) x 1.44kN/m 3. Bedroom
= 8.19m x 1.44kN/m =(3.03 x 2.53m) x 1.5kN/m2
= 11.79kN = 11.50kN
○4 Column = (0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m) x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at First Floor Total Live Load at First Floor
= 14.92kN + 46.69kN + 11.79kN + 6.48kN = 3.73kN + 18.72kN + 11.50kN
= 79.88kN = 33.95kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 93
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
○1 Slab = (3.49 + 2.53)m x 3.6kN/m2 1. Porch =(2.53 + 1.695)m x 2.0kN/m
= (6.02) x 1.5kN/m2
= 21.67kN = 8.45kN
○2 Wall = (2.53m) x 5.7kN/m 2. Kitchen
= 2.53m x 5.7kN/m = (1.79m x 2.53m) x 3.0kN/m2
= 14.42kN =12.96kN
○3 Beam = (2.53) m x 1.44kN/m
= 2.53m x 1.44kN/m
= 3.64kN
○4 Column = 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 21.67kN + 14.42kN + 3.64kN + 6.48kN = 8.45kN + 12.96kN
= 46.21kN = 21.41kN
Total Dead Load at Column G/5 Total Live Load at Column G/5
= 60.19kN + 79.88kN + 46.21kN = 33.95kN + 21.41kN
= 186.28kN = 55.36kN
Ultimate Load at Column G/5
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 186.28kN (1.4) + 55.36kN (1.6)
= 260.79kN + 88.58kN
= 349.37kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 94
Column E/8 (Acting on Ground Floor Only)
-Ground Floor-
Dead Load: Live Load:
1. Slab = (1.94 +1.295)m (1.94 + 2.53)m x 3.6kN/m2 1. Porch
= (3.235m x 4.47m) x 3.6kN/m2 = (1.94m x 2.53) x 2.0kN/m2
= 52.06kN = 9.82kN
2. Wall = 1.94 x 5.7kN/m 2. Living Room
= (1.94x 1.295m) x 4.0kN/m2
= 11.06kN = 10.05kN
3. Beam = (1.94 + 1.295 + 2.53) m x 1.44kN/m
= 5.765m x 1.44kN/m
= 8.3kN
4. Column = 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
Total Dead Load at Ground Floor Total Live Load at Ground Floor
= 52.06kN + 11.06kN + 8.3kN + 6.48kN = 10.05kN + 9.82kN
= 77.9kN = 19.87kN
Total Dead Load at Column E/8 Total Live Load at Column E/8
= 77.9kN = 19.87kN
Ultimate Load at Column E/8
= TDL (1.4) + TLL (1.6)
= 77.9kN (1.4) + 19.87kN (1.6)
= 109.06kN + 31.79kN
= 140.85kN
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 95
11.0 Appendix
Slab System
If Ly/Lx > 2, one-way slab system
If Ly/Lx ≤ 2, two-way slab system
Beam Calculation
Beam self-weight = beam size x density of reinforced concrete
Slab dead load = thickness x density of reinforced concrete x Lx/2 (Trapezoid)
= thickness x density of reinforced concrete x Lx/2 x 2/3 (Triangular)
Slab live load = live load (UBBL) x Lx/2 (Trapezoid)
= live load (UBBL) x Lx/2 x 2/3 (Triangular)
Brick wall dead load = wall height x thickness x density of bricks
Column Calculation
Beam self-weight = beam size x density of reinforced concrete x length
Slab dead load = thickness x density of reinforced concrete x tributary area
Slab live load = live load (UBBL) x tributary area
Brick wall self-weight = thickness x wall height x density of bricks x length
Column self-weight = width x length x height x density of reinforced concrete
BUILDING STRUCTURE PROJECT 2: BEAM AND COLUMN 96
Assumption of Dead Load and Live Load
Assumptions on Dead Loads Acting on Structure
(F) Slab self-weight
= 0.15 x 24kN/m3
= 3.6kN/m2
(G) Brick wall self-weight
= Wall thickness x Wall height x Density
= 0.1m x 3.0m x 19kN/m3
= 5.7kN/m
(H) Primary Beam self-weight
= Beam size x Concrete density
= 0.2m x 0.3m x 24kN/m3
= 1.44kN/m
(I) Secondary Beam self-weight
= Beam size x Concrete density
= 0.1m x 0.2m x 24kN/m3
= 0.48kN/m
(J) Column self-weight
= Column size x Concrete density
= 0.3m x 0.3m x 3.0m x 24kN/m3
= 6.48kN
*All dead loads (slabs, walls, beams, columns) are assumed to have a standard size.
* Dead load factor: 1.4
Assumptions on Live Loads Acting on Structure
(L) Bedroom :1.5kN/m2
(M) Living Room :4.0kN/m2
(N) Dining Room :2.0kN/m2
(O) Kitchen :3.0kN/m2
(P) Corridor :4.0kN/m2
(Q) Bathroom :2.0kN/m2
(R) Study Room :1.5kN/m2
(S) Car Porch :2.0kN/m2
(T) Stairs :1.5kN/m2
(U) Family Area :2.0kN/m2
(V) Store Room :2.5kN/m2
*All assumptions on live loads are referred to 4th schedule of UBBL for live loads per
room functions.
* Live load factor: 1.6