APractical Training ReportOnCONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTLY BUILDINGSubmitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGYInCIVIL Engineering

2012-2013(1JUNE,2012-30JULY,2012)Submitted To: Submitted By:Er. Ishwar Chand Sharma Amar Chand GehlotHead Of Department 7th sem/4th year (09EAYCE009)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ARYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & RESEARCH CENTRESP-40, RIICO INDUSTRIAL AREA, KUKAS, JAIPUR, RAJASTHANRAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA

Department of Civil Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the practical training seminar report on Construction Of Multistory Residential Building at Jaipur from period of training is submitted by in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering has been found satisfactory and is approved for submission.

Mr. Ishwar Chand Sharma Mr.N.C.SaxnaHead Of Department Senior Professor(Seminar Co-ordinator) (Seminar Co-ordinator) Civil Engg. Civil Engg.

ACERC, Jaipur ACERC, Jaipur

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very grateful to the manager of project of Multistory Residential Building because they allowed me for practical training in their construction work.The Rajasthan Housing Board under takes the construction. I completed my practical training in building construction at Indra Gandhi Nagar, Sector 5,Division 11, Jaipur. I am highly grateful to Mr. Ashok Ji (Project Manager), Mr. Mohan (SUPERVISOR), and the staff of the site whose initiatives, continuous guidance, encouragement, valuable suggestions and involvement, helped me during my 30-days practical training. They all were very cooperative persons in executing my work.

Amar Chand Gehlot

PREFACEIn the light of practical aspect of engineering we have to complete a training of 30 days. The object of this training in degree course is to correlate the theory with the practical aspect and to make students familiar with practical difficulties, which arises during working on the field so that they can face challenges boldly while actually working in the field.The field of civil engineering today has become so vast that it is difficult to know its boundaries. Usually unskilled persons are engaged in this field thus it is important and necessary to have persons with technical knowledge, so that the work can be performed with proper specification, standard and designs.While making this training report every care has been taken to avoid any mistake. Yet it is difficult to attain perfection, as it is my first experience to write such a report.

Amar Chand Gehlot

INDEX:

1.Introduction2.About the company3.About the project4.About the building5.Types of building6.Type of structure7.MaterialCementAggregatesReinforcementWater8.Equipment and machines Batching Machine Grinding Machine Transportation machine compactor 9.Footing10.Building drawings11.Brick masonary Introduction Size and weight of brick Structure of brick Type of brick masonry Tools used in brick masonry Bond in brick work Procedure of brick work 12.Plastering

INTRODUCTION:

ABOUT THE PROJECT1.NAME OF PROJECTMULTISTOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (G+3)

AREA 3025 m

3.WORK (MASORS)MRUDHUR CONSTRUCTION

4.PROJECT MANAGERMR. ASHOK JI

5.SVPERVISORMR. MOHAN RAM

6.COMPANYRAJASTHAN HOUSING BOARD,JAIPUR

7.LOCATION OF SITEINDRA GANDHI NAGAR, JAIPUR

8.DATE OF STARTING TRAINING1-6-2012

9.DATE OF COMPLETING TRAINING30-6-2012

10.DURATION OF PROJECT

1 YEAR AND 3 MONTH

11.COST OF PROJECT2.05 CRORE

12.DURATION OF TRAINING30 DAYS

13.

14.

15.

ABOUT THE BUILDING It project is a multi-storey residential building of Rajasthan housing board. This building is constructing for middle class people. Rajasthan housing board has divided the residential buildings in different group as mentioned below-HIG (HIGH INCOME GROUP) : This group includes the flats of cost is more than 15 lac.MIG (MIDDLE INCOME GROUP) : This group includes the flats of cost varies between 5 to 15 lac.LIG (LOW INCOME GROUP) : This group includes the flats of cost is less than 5 lac.This building insists In MIG (Middle Income Group).It is a four storey building (G+3).Entire building is constructed in two combined apartments. The number of flats in each floor is four in each apartment. Each flat consists two bed room, a living room and a kitchen (2 BHK) with separate bathroom and toilet. The height of each floor is 3 meter. The dimensions of all flats were same.Dimensional detail of a flat:Living Room : (3.18*4.00) meterBed Room (1) : (3.00*3.30) meterBed Room (2) : (2.70*3.30) meterKitchen : (1.80*2.50) meterToilet : (2.1*1.20) meterBath Room : (1.20*1.20) meterWater Closet : (0.90*1.20) meterSingle window has provided in living room, bed rooms and kitchen .Each flat consists a balcony in front and rear sidaes of apartments.

MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION

CEMENT: - The function of cement is to combine with water and to form cement paste. This paste first sets i.e. it becomes firms and then hardens due to chemical reaction, called hydration, between the cement and water. On setting & hardening, the cement binds the aggregate together into a stone like hard mass & thus provides strength, durability & water-tighten to the concrete. Quality of cement is based on grade of cement. The grades of cement are as-33 Grades43 Grades53 GradesAt the site Portland cement of 43 grades (BIRLA CEMENT) is used.The cost per beg = 248 rupeesThe initial setting time of cement =The final setting time of cement =AGGREGATE: - Aggregates are small pieces of broken stones in irregular size and shapes.Neat cement is very rarely used in construction works since it is liable to shrink too much and become cracks on setting. More over, it will be costly to use neat cement in construction work. Therefore cement is mixed with some inert strong & durable hard materials.They also reduce the cost of concrete because they are comparative much cheaper as cement.

TYPES OF AGGREGATES:Fine AggregateCoarse Aggregate

FINE AGGREGATE (SAND): - The aggregate, which pass through 4.75 mm, I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 75 micron (.075mm) I.S. sieve is known as fine aggregate.

FUNCTION OF FINE AGGREGATE: -The function of using fine aggregate in a concrete mix is to fill up the voids existing in the coarse aggregate and to obtain a dense and strong concrete with less quantity of cement and increase the workability of the concrete mix.

COARSE AGGREGATE: -The aggregate, which pass through 75 mm I.S. sieve and entirely retain on 4.75 I.S. sieve is known as coarse aggregates. At the site the coarse aggregate was 10mm & 20mm (graded).

FUNCTION OF COARSE AGGREGATE: -The coarse aggregates are used in mixing of concrete. It is mixed cement, sand with water. These aggregates increase the strength of bonding in aggregates. Coarse aggregates are used in construction of plan cement concrete(PCC), foundation, beams and columns etc.

GRADING OF CONCRETE: -

The art of doing gradation of an aggregate as determined by sieve analysis is known as grading of aggregate. The grade of concrete is depends on size of aggregates.The principle of grading is that the smaller particles will fill up the voids between large particles. This results in the most economical use of cement paste for filling the voids & binding together the aggregate in the preparation of concrete.

Thus proper grading of fine & coarse aggregate in concrete mix produces a dense concrete with less quantity of cement.

REINFORCEMENT: - The material that develops a good bond with concrete in order to increase its strength is called reinforcement. Steel bars are highly strong in tension, shear, bending moment, torsion and compression.

FUNCTION OF REINFORCEMENT: Reinforcement working as a tension member because concrete is strong in compression and week in tension so reinforcement resists the tensile stresses in the concrete members. At the site contractor using the high strength steel bars and T.M.T. (Thermo Mechanically Treated) bars of diameter 8 mm, 10 mm, 16 mm, & 32 mm as per requirement of design.

WATER: - It is an important ingredient of concrete because it combines with cement and forms a binding paste. The paste thus formed fills up the voids of the sand and coarse aggregate bringing them into close adhesion.In this project source of water is a tube well which is closely spaced to the building. The quality of water is good and can be used for drinking purpose aiso.

R.C.C.: - Though plain cement concrete has high compressive strength and its tensile strength is relatively low. Normally, the tensile strength of a concrete is about 10% to 15% of its compressive strength. Hence if a beam is made up of plain cement concrete, it has a very low load carrying capacity since its low tensile strength limits its overall strength. It is, there reinforced by placing steel bars in the tensile zone of the concrete beam so that the compressive bending stress is carried by concrete and tensile bending stress is carried by steel reinforcing bars. Generally in simply supported and Cantilever beams the tension zone occurs at bottom and top of beam respectively.

EQUIPMENTS AND MACHINES:

BATCHING MACHINE: The measurement of materials for making concrete is known as batching. The machines which used for batching is known as batching machine.

GRINDING MACHINE :This is a power mechanically operated machine which is used to mix the concrete. It consists a hollow cylindrical part with inner side wings. In which cement, sand, aggregates and water is mix properly.

TRANSPORTATION:The process of carrying the concrete mix from the place of its mixing to final position of deposition is termed as transportation of concrete. There are many methods of transportation as mentioned below-Transport of concrete by pansTransport of concrete by wheel barrowsTransport of concrete by tipping lorriesTransport of concrete by pumpsTransport of concrete by belt conveyorsAt this site belt conveyors were used.

COMPACTORS:When the concrete has been placed, it shows a very loose structure. Hence, it must be compacted to remove the air bubbles and voids so as to make it dense and solid concrete to obtain a high strength. There are two method- of compaction.Manual compactionMechanical compactionGenerally in large projects mechanical compactors are used . There are various mechanical compactors which uses according to requirement as needle and screed vibrators needed to compact the column and floor respectively.

FOOTING:It is part of structural transfer the load of superstructure through columns to soil strata. Combined FootingIsolated FootingRaft FootingIn this project RAFT footing is provided. STAIRS:Stairs are defined as the access to reach one floor to another floor. Stairs are designed so as it gives maximum comfort and safety. There are several types of stairs .Straight flight stairsHalf turn stairsCircular stairsSpiral stairs

In this project DOGG _ LEGGED STAIRS (Half Turn Stairs) are provided. BRICK MASONARYThe bricks are obtained by moulding clay in rectangular block of uniform size and then drying and burning these blocks. Brick masonry easy to constrct compare stone masonry. It is less time consuming and there is no need of skilled labour to construct it. The bricks do not require dressing and the arty of laying bricks is so simple.

CLASS OF BRICK:On the basis of quality and performance of brick is classified in three parts-CLASS A CLASS B CLASS CAt this site A class brick is used.

SIZE AND WEIGHT OF BRICKSThe bricks are prepared in various sizes. On the basis of size , BIS bricks are categories in two parts-MODULAR BRICKS:BIS recommends a standard size of brick which is 190mm*90mm*90mm. With mortar thickness, size of such a brick become 200mm*100mm*100mm.TRADITIONAL BRICKS:The brick of which size varies and not standardized known as traditional brick.WEIGHT OF BRICK:It is found that the weight of 1 cubic meter brick earth is about 1800 kg. Hence the average weight of a brick will be about 3 to 3.5 kg.

STRUCTURE OF BRICKSTRETCHER:If brick laid along its length then front view of brick is known as stretcher.HEADER:If brick laid along its width , then front view of brick is known as header. FROG:It is top of brick. It provides strong bonding between two courses of masonry by filling the mortar. It also consists the name of company.QUEEN CLOSER:This is obtained by cutting the bricks longitudinally in two equal parts.BAT:This is piece of brick , considered in relation to the length of brick as half bat, three quarter bat, etc.

TYPES OF BRICK MASONARY:Brick work is classified according to quality of mortar, quality of brick and thickness of joints. They types of brick work as follows-

BRICK WORK IN MUD MORTAR:IN this type of brick work mud is used to fill up the joints. Mud is mixer of sand and clay. The thickness of mortar joint is 12mm. BRICK WORK IN LIME MORTAR:In this type of brick work, lime mortar is used to fill up the joints. Lime mortar is mixer of lime and sand the thickness of joints does not exceeds 10mm.BRICK WORK IN CEMENT MORTAR:In this type of brick work ,cement mortar is used to fill up the joints. Cement mortar is mixer of cement and sand in ceftain ratio. The ratio Of cement and sand varies according to construction as in brick masonary it generally kept 1:6.The thickness of joint does not exceeds 10mm. The brick work with cement mortar provide high adopted in building construction. At this site cement mortar is used in brick work. The ratio of Cement to sand is 1:6.

TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRY:The tools used in brick masonry are trowel, spirit level, plumb bob, square, hammer, straight edge.

BONDS IN BRICK WORK:There various bonds which provided in brick work to increase the stability of walls. Various types of bonds are as follows-Stretcher BondHeader BondEnglish BondFlemish BondSTRETCHER BOND :The bricks are laid along its length in all courses. A half and three quarter bat is used in alternative courses to break the verticality of joints.HEADER BOND:The bricks are laid along its width in all courses. A half and three quarter bat is also used in alternative courses to break the verticality of joints.ENGLISH BOND:This bond is widely used in practice. It is consider the strongest bond. Alternate courses consists of stretcher and header. A queen closer is put next to quoin header to break the verticality of joints. Generally such types of bond is provided in walls width is 9 inches.At this site ENGLISH BOND is prefer in main wall and STRETCHER BOND in partation walls.FLEMISH BOND:This is also widely used because it gives better appearance to English bond. It also provide good strength. Stretcher and header is provided in each course alternatively. A queen closer is put next to quoin header in each alternate courses to break the verticality of joints.THICKNESS OF WALLS:Thickness of wall depend on load, strength of material ,length of wallet. In this project the thickness of main wall is 9 inches and partition wall is 4.5 inches.

PROCEDURE OF BRICK MASONRY:In frame structure brick work starts after construction of foundation, column, beam, and slabs. Following procedure is adopt to construct the brick masonry-1. Initially clean and wet the surface on which brick wall is be constructed.2. Set a straight alignment by using threads in both side of a wall .3. Prepare the cement mortar.4. At this site cement sand ratio is 1:6 for all walls.5. Mortar is laid on surface base and then bricks are laid over it .6. Prepare a course and then again laid the mortar on existing course and provides bricks in such a way that the vertical joint should not stand in a line.7. To break the verticality of joints generally English or Flemish bond is adopted. 8. Use the plumb bob to check the verticality at regular interval.9. Also use square to check the wall is constructing straight or not.10. After each 1meter height of wall provide a layer of reinforced cement concrete of 1.5 to 2 inches.11. It will increase the strength of structure.

PLASTERThe term plastering is used to discribe thin cover that is applied on the surface of walls.It removes uneveness of surface of walls.sometimes it is use for decorative purpose also.MORTAR FOR PLASTERINGSelection of type of mortar depends on various factors such as suitability of building material,atmospheric conditions,durability etc.there are mainly three type of mortar which can be used for the purpose of mortarLime mortar Cement mortarWater proof mortarLIME MORTARThe main content of lime mortar is lime that is mixed with correct proportion of sand.Generally fat lime is recommended for plaster work because the fat lime contains 75% of Cao and it combines with CO2 of atmosphere and gives CaCO3 quickly.Thus,the lime sets quickly,but it imparts low strength.So it can be use only for plaster work.The sand to be used for preparing lime mortar for plastering work should be clean,coarse and free from any organic impurities.CEMENT MORTARThe cement mortar consist of one part of cement to four part of clean and coarse sand by volume.The materials are throughly mix in dry condition before water is added to them.The mixing of material is done on a watertight platform .It is batter than lime mortar.it is widely used in construction work.WATER PROOF MORTARWater proof mortar is prepared by mixing one part of cement,two part of sand and pulverised alum at the rate of 120Nperm3 of sand.In the water to be used,0.75 of soft soap is dissolve per one litre of water and this soap water is added to the dry mix.TOOLS FOR PLASTERINGGauging Trowel Metal Float Floating RulePlumb Bob Sprit Level BrushesMETHOD OF PLASTERING According to the thickness of wall there are three method of plastering.One coat methodTwo coat methodThree coat methodONE COAT METHODIt is in the cheapest form of construction that plaster is applied in one coat.This method is quitely used in rural areas for the construction of low category and cheap house.TWO COAT METHODFollowing procedure is carried out for two coating plaster workClean the surface and keep it well watered on which plaster wor to be done.If it is found that the surface to be plastered is very rough and uneven,a preliminary coat is applied to fill up the hollows before the first coat of plaster is put up on the surface.Now the first coat is applied on the surface.The usual thickness of first coat for brick masonry is 9mm to10mm.Second coat of plaster is applied after about 6 hours and the thickness of second caot is usually about 2mm to 3mm.It is finished as per requirement.THREE COAT METHODThe procedure for plaster in three coats is the same as above except that the num of coats of plaster is three.Table :

Name of coatThicknessa

First coatRendering coat9 to 10 mm

Second coatFloating coat6 to 9 mm

Third coatFinishing coat3 mm

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