Building construction 5

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - IV

Name : FairuzRoll No : Barc/8008/10Subject : Building ConstructionSemester - V

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

NAME: FAIRUZ

ROLL NO : BARC/8008/10

DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 1

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• Suspended ceiling is a secondary ceiling which is hung below the main ceiling. • Also referred as a drop ceiling, T-bar ceiling, false ceiling• Used for concealing the underside of the floor above • Used to offer acoustic balance and control in a room & improve insulation. • Consists of a grid work of metal channels in the shape of an upside-down "T“• Grid work are suspended on wires from the overhead structure • Grids modular size = 600x600mm• Each cell is filled with lightweight "tiles" or "panels" which simply drop into the grid. •Tiles can be selected with a variety of materials

Installation Of Suspended Ceiling:•Install splayed wires at 3.6m on center in four directions.•Provide adjustable compression struts, at center of splayed wires, and attach to the structure above.•Provide ceiling tile clips.•Provide 25mm minimum separation between the ceiling system and the enclosing walls•This separation is called seismic separation


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 2

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Installation Note:•Standard grid module systems should not be more than 1.5 m in any direction.•Hanger attachment devices is capable of carrying either 200 pounds or 3 times the ceiling design load•Members perpendicular to the wall at the unattached sides of the grid shall be tied together with the help of stabilizing bar (stabilized) to prevent their spreading.

(3.6m)

(3.6m)

(1.2 or 1.5m)

(1.8m)

(2.4m)

General Installation Requirements

(2.4m)

(2.4m)

(2.4m)

(2’=0.6m)

(3/4’=0.2m)

Typical Ceiling Grid Layout


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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Screw

Screw

Screw

Stabilizer bar

0.6m

2.4m

(3/4’=0.2m)

Screw

2.4m

0.6m

GridGrid

Unattached End of Grid

Attached End of Grid

Hanger Wires & Stabilizer Bar

(0.6m)

(2.4m)

(2.4m)

(2.4m)

(4’= 1.2m)(2’= 0.6m)


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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• Lighting fixtures, egress lighting, speakers, air terminals or mechanical services weighing up to 56 pounds can be supported by suspended ceiling• Sprinkler heads or other similar ceiling penetrations shall be provided with at least 2.54 cm of clearance in all directions surrounding the sprinkler head or extension.

Sprinkler Penetration

Fixture Support

Expansion joint


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 5

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Installation Of Timber Suspended Ceiling:• Grid system is formed with the help of wooden joists.• Modular grid size 400x600mm• Grid system is supported by hanger wire & wooden screws• Each cell is filled with lightweight “wooden panels" which simply drop into the grid.

Description of the material1 Cement Board Indoor2 Insulation material coat3 Batten and lath framework 400/600 mm4 Maxi Screw7 Joint Filler –14 fire protection plate GKF, 12.5 mm21 Direct hanger27 Dividing strips28 Filling29 Expansion joint (15-20mm gap)

Suspended ceiling with wooden framework

Direct fastening under solid ceilings

Connection to solid walls

Direct fastening under wooden ceilings


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STEEL

NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 6

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Installation Of Steel Suspended Ceiling:• Steel structure of suspended ceiling is composed of grids•Grid system is supported by hanger wire•Each cell is filled with lightweight “panels" which simply drops into the grid. Abbreviation:1. Primary profile 2. Secondary profile3. Fixing hooks4. Connector5. Hanger 6. Hanger wires

APPLICATION :I. Primary & Secondary profile : 60x27mm Application : Used as Grid.II. Connector: 27x61.5x100 mm Application: To connect two profilesIII. Fixer: 50x58x0.8 mm Application: Fixes secondary profile to

primary profileIV. Hangers / Hanger wires (dia 6mm):

90x58x1.5mm Application: Fixes primary profile to

ceiling


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NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 7

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Installation Of Aluminum Suspended Ceiling:• Aluminum structure of suspended ceiling is composed of grids•Grid system is supported by hanger wire & cleats•Each cell is filled with lightweight “panels" which simply drops into the grid.

Length : 3.6 m

Length : 1.2m

Length : 3.05 m


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NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 8

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Polyvinyl chloride (P.V.C.) tiles

• Are commonly used floor & suspended ceiling finish• They are small in size , usually 150mm, 225mm and 305mm• The tiles are made of a composite of PVC and fiber• Available in different colors, sizes, designs and patterns• Are used in residences, offices, and commercial areas• The main advantages of PVC tiles are:a. Are easy to install & maintenance free b. Offer excellent insulationc. Are water proof and fire retardant.d. Long lasting

Gypsum Board

• Is a panel made of gypsum plaster• It is pressed between two thick sheets of paper. • It is used to make interior walls and ceilings. • The main advantages of gypsum board are:a) Ease of installationb) Fire resistancec) Sound insulationd) Durability , Economy & Versatility

Acoustic Board

• Is a special kind of board made of sound absorbing materials. • Its job is to provide sound insulation.• Ceiling is porous. • When sound passes through an acoustic board, the intensity of sound is decreased. • The loss of sound energy is balanced by producing heat energy. • Used in auditoriums, halls, seminar rooms, libraries etc


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NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 9

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Special Consideration of fire insulation:

1. Tiles can provide the additional resistance.

2. A fire-resistance rating typically means the duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test

3. Fire resistance ratings for ceiling panels vary with respect to different material.

4. Fire resistance ratings are based on the materials used and preparation of each panel.

5. Regulations call for the control of fire, smoke and gases in ceiling voids.

6. Cavity barriers should be installed at the specified intervals.

7. Cavity barriers are primarily intended to delay the passage of fire.

8. Indicative tests have shown that stone wool, reinforced with a 25mm wire mesh, acts as a high efficiency filter to prevent the passage of smoke particles.

9. Cavity barriers must satisfy the requirements of current Building Regulations

10. Where services penetrate a barrier its effectiveness must be maintained by effective and approved sealing.

11. All fire sprinklers piping and layout to be approved by the fire department

12. Fire sprinklers head should have 0.6 m oversize ring or adaptor through the ceiling to allow for at least 0.31 m of movement in all directions

13. For fire resistive main runners, all expansion relief cutout should be within 1m of a vertical support wire

Fire Sprinkler Head


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 10

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Heat Insulation :•Ability of the building fabric to resist air to air heat transfer is• Heat insulation in building can be done by Double glazing & Solar Design of a building

1. Double glazing:

• Also known as Insulated Glazing

• Are double or triple glass window panes separated by an air

• Used to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building envelope.

• Thickness of such glass ranges from 3 mm to 10 mm

2. Solar Design: • Windows, walls

& floors are made to collect, store & distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter & reject solar heat in the summer.

• Unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices

1. Exterior pane

4. Interior pane5. Frame6. Spacer7. Seal9. Window sill

INSULATED GLAZING

SOLAR BUILDING DESIGN


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 11

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Sound Insulation :

• Ability of the building fabric to resist the transmission of airborne and impact sound.

Heavy weight walls :

• Ability of the building fabric to resist the transmission of airborne and impact sound.

• They provide high levels of airborne sound insulation• It is due to the effect of the Mass Law.• Cavities can increase sound insulation by the principle of isolation • Cavity walls with wire ties behave little better in practice than a double skin of

bricks

Light weight walls :

• Can provide adequate levels of airborne sound insulation if attention is paid to the principles of isolation and air tightness.

• Each side of the wall is built on separate timber frames • An absorbent blanket of mineral fibre is used to provide acoustical isolation

between the sides of the wall.• The mass provided by multiple layers of dense plasterboard contributes to the

insulation of the wall.

Brick Wall for Sound Insulation

Timber Wall for Sound Insulation


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 12

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Floors:

• Concrete floors provides insulation against airborne sound but not against impact sound.• Insulation layer is provided against impact sound• Older methods of construction increased the mass of timber floors by the use of

sand pugging within the joist space. • More recent methods of mass enhancement include the use of thick layers of

composite floorboard or multiple layers of plasterboard.• The insulation of a floor must be maintained at all junctions with the surrounding

walls in order to prevent flanking transmission. • The separation of the two parts of a floating floor must continue around all the

edges by the use of resilient materials and airtight techniques.

Windows:

• Glass has relatively high density so increasing the thickness of glass provides improved sound insulation because of the Mass Law.

• Air cavities can provide worthwhile increased sound insulation if their width is greater than 150 mm.

• The cavity should be lined with absorbent material to minimize resonance• The two frames must be isolated from one another by insulation layer

Floating Timber Floor Double Window


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 13

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Flooring Detail

Wall Detail

Basic Acoustic Layout


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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Basic Acoustic Layout Side Wall Detail

Rear Wall Detail


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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• Cold storage is a sealed structure which is maintained at temperature below zero to store perishable items

• In cold storage plants, the cost of insulation of cold storage rooms amounts to a substantial part of the total cost of the installation.

• As the thickness of the insulation is increased, its cost goes up, but the cost of refrigeration decreases.

• Walls, floors, and doors are to be insulated.

• Foundation and Floor. Almost all cooling facilities built nowadays are constructed on an insulated concrete slab with a reinforced, load-bearing perimeter foundation wall. The slab should be built sufficiently above grade to ensure good drainage away from the building, particularly around doors.

• The floor should also be equipped with a suitable inside drain to dispose of wastewater from cleaning and condensation.

For the floor: For the ceiling For the walls:

Insulated Door:


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

SHEET NO: 16

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• A cavity wall is an external wall of a building • It consists of two layers separated by a gap• Most common form of construction is brick wall or block construction • Cavity wall insulation will prevent both heat & acoustic transfer • Insulating board such as “Celotex, Isolation board or foam” is used as cavity wall insulation.Installation Of Cavity Wall Insulation:1. Walls are constructed, leading with the

initial 1.4m of inner leaf containing the first 2 rows of wall ties, spaced 600mm apart

2. Pace the cavity ties, with holding back ties in between, to be embedded.(detail 1 &fig 2)

3. Board support ties to be 2mm galvanized wire with fish tail ends

4. Excess mortar to be cleaned from the cavity face of the leading leaf

5. The initial 2 rows of is board sheets are placed on edge against the leading leaf with shiplap joint installed to shed moisture away from inner leaf & secured with holding back ties (Fig 2)

6. A run of boards may commence below a damp proof course level to provide some edge insulation for the floor

7. Insulation board can be placed in a damp position without losing excessive thermal performance in long term

8. Construct the outer leaf taking care to keep the residual cavity clean and secure the cavity ties (Fig 3)

9. Insulation board is easily trimmed on site using a sharp blade or hacksaw to nearby notch board edges and wall ties and fit snugly around window and door frames.


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DATE : 25/12/12

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DATE : 25/12/12

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NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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• A sliding door is a type of door which opens horizontally by sliding, whereby the door is either mounted on or suspended from a track.

• Types of sliding doors include pocket doors, Arcadia doors, and bypass doors.

• Sliding doors are commonly used for shower doors, glass doors, screen doors, and wardrobe

doors.


NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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NAME: FAIRUZ


DATE : 25/12/12

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Building construction 5

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