Building a Stronger, More Predictable Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian Response SystemHumanitarian Response System

Humanitarian Reform Support Unit, OCHA

FOUR PILLARS OF REFORMFOUR PILLARS OF REFORM

PARTNERSHIP

Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN actors

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS

Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian

emergencies

HUMANITARIAN FINANCING

Adequate, timely and flexible financing

CLUSTER APPROACH

Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all

sectors

PILLAR 1PILLAR 1

PARTNERSHIP

Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN

actors

Links with Government and Links with Government and national authoritiesnational authorities

“ “Each State has the responsibility first and Each State has the responsibility first and foremost to take care of the victims of natural foremost to take care of the victims of natural disasters and other emergencies occurring on its disasters and other emergencies occurring on its territory. Hence, the affected State has the territory. Hence, the affected State has the primary role in the initiation, organization, primary role in the initiation, organization, coordination, and implementation of humanitarian coordination, and implementation of humanitarian assistance within its territory.”assistance within its territory.” GA Resolution GA Resolution 46/18246/182

In some cases government/local authorities lead In some cases government/local authorities lead the humanitarian response. In other cases, the humanitarian response. In other cases, particularly during conflict, their particularly during conflict, their willingness/capacity to lead the response may be willingness/capacity to lead the response may be compromised. compromised.

Strengthening Strengthening partnership and partnership and complementaritcomplementarityy

Humanitarian actors need to work as Humanitarian actors need to work as equal partners, respecting each other’s equal partners, respecting each other’s roles and mandatesroles and mandates

Partnerships may take different forms, Partnerships may take different forms, from joint programming to much looser from joint programming to much looser associationsassociations

Humanitarian Country Teams are now a Humanitarian Country Teams are now a requirement in all countries with HCsrequirement in all countries with HCs

Coordination with Coordination with national NGOs and other national NGOs and other actorsactors

Ensure that humanitarian Ensure that humanitarian responses build on local capacitiesresponses build on local capacities

Promote/support training and Promote/support training and capacity-building of local capacity-building of local humanitarian partnershumanitarian partners

Global Humanitarian Global Humanitarian PlatformPlatform

New process of UN/non-UN dialogue New process of UN/non-UN dialogue began with meeting in Geneva in July began with meeting in Geneva in July 20062006

Establishment of a Global Humanitarian Establishment of a Global Humanitarian PlatformPlatform

Humanitarian Community Partnership Humanitarian Community Partnership Teams to be piloted in 3 countriesTeams to be piloted in 3 countries

PILLAR 2PILLAR 2

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS

Effective leadership and coordination in humanitarian

emergencies

Strengthening the HC System Strengthening the HC System

Identifying Identifying SelectingSelecting Training Training Mentoring and SupportMentoring and Support Holding AccountableHolding Accountable

individuals that can deliverindividuals that can delivereffective leadership ineffective leadership inhumanitarian emergencieshumanitarian emergencies

A comprehensive strategy A comprehensive strategy for:for:

Actions to strengthen the HC system Actions to strengthen the HC system

1. Greater inclusiveness, transparency, and ownership in the appointment of Humanitarian Coordinators

2.2. Training and Induction Training and Induction

3.3. Support to HCs during Support to HCs during emergencies and in transitionemergencies and in transition

4.4. RC/HC “score card” to be RC/HC “score card” to be developeddeveloped

PILLAR 3PILLAR 3

HUMANITARIAN FINANCING

Adequate, timely and flexible financing

Actions to improveActions to improvehumanitarian financinghumanitarian financing

Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiativeinitiative

(being piloted in Burundi and DRC) (being piloted in Burundi and DRC)

Establishment of CERFEstablishment of CERF

Other initiatives (e.g. Common Funds Other initiatives (e.g. Common Funds and Emergency Response Funds at and Emergency Response Funds at country level)country level)

CERFCERF

General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/124 decided General Assembly Resolution A/RES/60/124 decided

to upgrade the CERF to US$ 500 million (US$ 50 to upgrade the CERF to US$ 500 million (US$ 50

million Loan component plus US$ 450 million Grant million Loan component plus US$ 450 million Grant

component).component).

NOT a substitute for donor contributions to the CAPNOT a substitute for donor contributions to the CAP

Fully funded CERF represents 4% of global Fully funded CERF represents 4% of global

humanitarian funding (USD 500 million out of USD humanitarian funding (USD 500 million out of USD

13 billion)13 billion)

Central Emergency Response Fund Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) (CERF)

Created to help ensure timely, adequate and flexible funding

Two Windows:Two Windows:

Rapid ResponseRapid Response

Under-Funded EmergenciesUnder-Funded Emergencies

CERF CriteriaCERF Criteria

Activities that remedy, mitigate or avert direct physical harm or threats to a population or major portion thereof

Also common humanitarian services that are necessary to enable life-saving activities

Funds will target Funds will target core core life-saving life-saving activities activities as per as per the assessment the assessment of the RC/HCof the RC/HC

CERF CERF Commitments and Commitments and

pledgespledges

In 2006 the CERF committed more than In 2006 the CERF committed more than

$250 million to over 340 projects in 35 $250 million to over 340 projects in 35 countriescountries

At the High-Level Conference on the At the High-Level Conference on the CERF in December 2006, 49 donors CERF in December 2006, 49 donors pledged pledged

$344 million for 2007$344 million for 2007

2/3 funds for rapid response and 1/3 for 2/3 funds for rapid response and 1/3 for under-funded emergenciesunder-funded emergencies

Commitments in 2006:Commitments in 2006: USD 250 millionUSD 250 million

(to 35 countries)(to 35 countries)

Pledges for 2007:Pledges for 2007: USD 344 millionUSD 344 million

CERF Rapid Response CERF Rapid Response Funds and Flash AppealsFunds and Flash Appeals

Situations requiring CERF funds should normally Situations requiring CERF funds should normally generate a Flash Appealgenerate a Flash Appeal

HC requests CERF funding for the highest-HC requests CERF funding for the highest-priority Flash Appeal projects simultaneously as priority Flash Appeal projects simultaneously as the Appeal is preparedthe Appeal is prepared

CERF provides the initial injection of funds for CERF provides the initial injection of funds for the most urgent life-saving projects to cover the the most urgent life-saving projects to cover the time lag between issuance of the Flash Appeal time lag between issuance of the Flash Appeal and receipt of funds from donorsand receipt of funds from donors

Flash Appeal Table with Flash Appeal Table with CERF AllocationsCERF Allocations

Sector Full requirements ($)

Approved CERF allocations

Unmet requirements

COORDINATION AND SUPPORT SERVICES

2,081,591 174,613 1,906,978

ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

239,108 239,108

EDUCATION 300,000 300,000

FOOD 5,256,811 1,199,219 4,057,592

HEALTH 2,402,125 2,402,125

MULTI-SECTOR 4,820,350 1,328,833 3,491,517

PROTECTION / HUMAN RIGHTS / RULE OF LAW

1,918,046 1,918,046

SHELTER AND NON-FOOD ITEMS 939,137 698,450 240,687

WATER AND SANITATION 1,658,700 733,700 925,000

TOTAL 19,615,868 4,134,815 15,481,053

PILLAR 4PILLAR 4

CLUSTER APPROACH

Adequate capacity and predictable leadership in all

sectors

AIMAIM High standards of predictability, High standards of predictability,

accountability and partnership in accountability and partnership in all sectors or areas of activityall sectors or areas of activity

More strategic responsesMore strategic responses

Better prioritization of available Better prioritization of available resourcesresources

IASC Guidance Note on IASC Guidance Note on the Cluster Approachthe Cluster Approach

June 2006 IASC issued Preliminary Guidance Note

(invited comments from all stakeholders)

Dec 2006 IASC issued Revised Guidance Note

“ The Guidance Note will continue to be reviewed periodically and

revised as necessary…”

New global cluster leadsNew global cluster leadsTechnical areasTechnical areasNutritionNutrition UNICEFUNICEFWater/SanitationWater/Sanitation UNICEFUNICEFHealthHealth WHOWHOEmergency Shelter:Emergency Shelter: Conflict IDPsConflict IDPs UNHCRUNHCR

DisastersDisasters IFRC ‘Convenor’IFRC ‘Convenor’

Cross-cutting areasCross-cutting areasCamp Coord/Mgmt:Camp Coord/Mgmt: Conflict IDPsConflict IDPs UNHCRUNHCR

DisastersDisasters IOMIOMProtection: Protection: Conflict IDPsConflict IDPs UNHCRUNHCR

Disasters & civiliansDisasters & civiliansin conflict (non-IDPs)in conflict (non-IDPs)

HCR/OHCHR/UNICEFHCR/OHCHR/UNICEFEarly RecoveryEarly Recovery UNDPUNDP

Common service areasCommon service areasLogisticsLogistics WFPWFPTelecommunicationsTelecommunications OCHA/UNICEF/WFPOCHA/UNICEF/WFP

Responsibilities of Responsibilities of global cluster leadsglobal cluster leads

Normative Normative - Standard setting and consolidation of Standard setting and consolidation of

‘best practice’‘best practice’

Build response capacityBuild response capacity- Training and system development at

local, regional and international levels- Surge capacity and standby rosters- Material stockpiles

Operational SupportOperational Support Emergency preparedness Advocacy and resource mobilization

Global Cluster AppealGlobal Cluster Appeal

Appeal for USD 39 million launched in March Appeal for USD 39 million launched in March 20062006

USD 27 million received (70%)USD 27 million received (70%)

Report on use of these funds due in February Report on use of these funds due in February 20072007

New Appeal to be launched in March 2007New Appeal to be launched in March 2007Thereafter, agencies to cover costs through their Thereafter, agencies to cover costs through their

own regular fundraising mechanismsown regular fundraising mechanisms

Country levelCountry level

Where possible, cluster lead Where possible, cluster lead arrangements at the country level should arrangements at the country level should mirror those at the global level. This mirror those at the global level. This principle should, however, be applied principle should, however, be applied flexibly, taking into consideration the flexibly, taking into consideration the local context and capacities of agencies local context and capacities of agencies already on the groundalready on the ground

TOR for sector/cluster TOR for sector/cluster leads at the country leads at the country levellevelSector/cluster lead agencies are accountable to the HC Sector/cluster lead agencies are accountable to the HC for for facilitatingfacilitating a process at the sectoral level aimed at a process at the sectoral level aimed at ensuring:ensuring:

Inclusion of key humanitarian partnersEstablishment of appropriate coordination mechanismsCoordination with national/local authorities, local civil society etc.Participatory and community-based approachesAttention to priority cross-cutting issues Needs assessment and analysisEmergency preparednessPlanning and strategy developmentApplication of standardsMonitoring and reportingAdvocacy and resource mobilizationTraining and capacity buildingProvision of assistance and services as a last resort

CHAP/CAPCHAP/CAP

CHAPs/CAPs should clearly reflect CHAPs/CAPs should clearly reflect the agreed sectoral structure, the agreed sectoral structure, indicating which agencies are the indicating which agencies are the designated sector/cluster leadsdesignated sector/cluster leads

Role of HC and OCHA at Role of HC and OCHA at the country levelthe country level

Ensure coherent overall response with Ensure coherent overall response with effective coordination amongst sectoral groups effective coordination amongst sectoral groups

Ensure sectors are provide with the necessary Ensure sectors are provide with the necessary common services and tools, particularly for common services and tools, particularly for information management, needs assessment, information management, needs assessment, contingency planning, development of contingency planning, development of CHAP/CAP etc.CHAP/CAP etc.

Ensure that coordination structures are adapted Ensure that coordination structures are adapted over time to reflect the capacities of over time to reflect the capacities of government structures and the engagement of government structures and the engagement of development partnersdevelopment partners

When to use the When to use the cluster approachcluster approach

    In the event of a sudden major new emergency In the event of a sudden major new emergency

requiring a multi-sectoral response with the requiring a multi-sectoral response with the participation of a wide range of international participation of a wide range of international humanitarian actors, the cluster approach should be humanitarian actors, the cluster approach should be used from the start in planning and organizing the used from the start in planning and organizing the international responseinternational response

The cluster approach should eventually be used in all The cluster approach should eventually be used in all countries with Humanitarian Coordinatorscountries with Humanitarian Coordinators

The cluster approach should be used in all The cluster approach should be used in all contingency planning for major new emergenciescontingency planning for major new emergencies

Activating clusters in Activating clusters in major new emergenciesmajor new emergencies

Within the first 24 hoursWithin the first 24 hours 1. HC (or RC) consults relevant partners, proposes

leads for each major area.2. HC sends proposal to ERC3. ERC shares proposal with Global Cluster Lead

Within 24 hours of receiving proposal from HCWithin 24 hours of receiving proposal from HC

1.1. ERC ensures agreement at global levelERC ensures agreement at global level

2.2. ERC communicates agreement to HC and ERC communicates agreement to HC and partnerspartners

3.3. HC(or RC) informs host government and all HC(or RC) informs host government and all partnerspartners

Application of the Application of the cluster approach in cluster approach in

20062006

New emergencies:New emergencies: PakistanPakistan

LebanonLebanon

Indonesia Indonesia (Jogjakarta)(Jogjakarta)

PhilippinesPhilippines

Ongoing emergencies:Ongoing emergencies: DRCDRC

LiberiaLiberia

SomaliaSomalia

UgandaUganda

IASC Interim Self-Assessment IASC Interim Self-Assessment of Implementation of the of Implementation of the

Cluster Approach in the FieldCluster Approach in the FieldFindings:Findings: Potential to improve overall effectiveness of Potential to improve overall effectiveness of

humanitarian responsehumanitarian response

Helps focus attention on long-standing gap areas Helps focus attention on long-standing gap areas (Lebanon vs. Darfur)(Lebanon vs. Darfur)

Deployment of additional capacity to address unmet Deployment of additional capacity to address unmet needsneeds

Creates a greater spirit of working togetherCreates a greater spirit of working together

Many challenges remainMany challenges remain

Challenges:Challenges:

Need to provide clear policy guidance to avoid Need to provide clear policy guidance to avoid confusion in the fieldconfusion in the field

Need to translate agreed policies into user-friendly Need to translate agreed policies into user-friendly checklists and SOPschecklists and SOPs

Agencies to appoint sector/cluster leads with the Agencies to appoint sector/cluster leads with the requisite skillsrequisite skills

Need to provide training to sector/cluster leadsNeed to provide training to sector/cluster leads Need for strong HCs and effective inter-cluster Need for strong HCs and effective inter-cluster

coordinationcoordination Global cluster leads to provide the necessary Global cluster leads to provide the necessary

support to country-level clusterssupport to country-level clusters

Humanitarian ReformHumanitarian Reform Where to go for help?Where to go for help?

Key documents:Key documents: Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen Guidance Note on Using the Cluster Approach to Strengthen

Humanitarian Response Humanitarian Response IASC Interim Self Assessment of the Cluster ApproachIASC Interim Self Assessment of the Cluster Approach Specific cluster guidance, provided by global cluster leadsSpecific cluster guidance, provided by global cluster leads

For assistance:For assistance: www.reliefweb.int/humanitarianreformwww.reliefweb.int/humanitarianreform Humanitarian Reform Support Unit: Humanitarian Reform Support Unit: hrsu@un.orghrsu@un.org CERF Secretariat: CERF Secretariat: cerf@un.orgcerf@un.org IASC website: IASC website: www.humanitarianinfo.org/iascwww.humanitarianinfo.org/iasc Humanitarian Reform Website coming soon!Humanitarian Reform Website coming soon!