Budgerigar

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BudgerigarFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Budgerigar

Temporal range: Paleocenerecent

Pre

O

S

D

C

P

T

J

K

Pg

N

Paleocenerecent

Bluecereindicates male
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleocenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleocenehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrian


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Flaking browncereindicates female in

breeding condition

Conservation status

Least Concern(IUCN 3.1)1!

Scientific classification

"ingdom# $nimalia

%&'lum# C&ordata

Class# $es

rder# %sittaciformes

*u+erfamil'# %sittacoidea

Famil'# %sittaculidae

*ubfamil'# Loriinae

,ribe# elopsittacini

-enus# Melopsittacus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_statushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_Concernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_Concernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_Listhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_Listhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_parrotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaculidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loriinaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_statushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_Concernhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_Listhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_parrotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaculidaehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loriinae


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-ould1/0

*+ecies# M. undulatus

Binomial name

Melopsittacus undulatus

(*&aw1/2)

,&e budgerigars natural &abitat is in

red

The budgerigar(Melopsittacus undulatus)/ b d r r/ , also known as common petparakeetor shell parakeetand informally nicknamed the budgie, is a small, long-tailed,seed-eating parrot.!dgerigars are the only species inthe"!straliangen!s Melopsittacus, and are fo!nd wild thro!gho!t the drier partsof"!straliawhere the species has s!r#i#ed harsh inland conditions for the last fi#emillion years.$%&!dgerigars are nat!rally green and yellow with black, scalloped markingson the nape, back, and wings, b!t ha#e been bred in capti#ity with colo!ring in bl!es,whites, yellows, greys, and e#en with smallcrests. !dgerigars are pop!lar pets aro!ndthe world d!e to their small si'e, low cost, and ability to mimic h!man speech. The originof the b!dgerigars nameis !nclear. The species was first recorded in *+, and today isthe third most pop!lar pet in the world, after the domesticateddogand cat.$&

The b!dgerigar is closely related to the loriesand the fig parrots.$&$&$&$0&They are one of

theparakeetspecies, a non-ta1onomical term that refers to any of a n!mber of smallparrots with long, flat and tapered tails. 2n both capti#ity and the wild, b!dgerigarsbreed opport!nisticallyandin pairs.

Contents

$hide&

iology

o .3#ol!tionary history

o

.%"natomy and physiology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gouldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gouldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_(feathers)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_(feathers)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_breedershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeding_pairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeding_pairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeding_pairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Biologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Evolutionary_historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Anatomy_and_physiologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gouldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial_nomenclaturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crest_(feathers)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_breedershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breeding_pairhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Biologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Evolutionary_historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Anatomy_and_physiology


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o .4ision

o .3cology

%!dgerigars and h!mans

o %.3tymology

o %.%"#ic!lt!re

o %.reeding

o %.5hick health

o %.6e#elopment

o %.5olo!r m!tations

o %.07imicry

8ee also

9eferences

ibliography

F!rther reading

Biology$edit&Evolutionary history$edit&

!volutionar" #istor"

Lories and lorikeets

Budgerigar

Fig +arrotsgenera

(Cyclopsittaand Psittaculirostris)

%&'logenetic c&art0!2!4!5!

The b!dgerigar has been tho!ght to be the link between thegeneraNeophemaandPezoporusbased on the barred pl!mage. $*&:owe#er,recent phylogeneticst!dies !sing 6;" se

Anatomy and physiology$edit&
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Visionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Ecologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Budgerigars_and_humanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Aviculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Breedinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Chick_healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Colour_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Mimicryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopsittahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaculirostrishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pezoporushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pezoporushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Forshaw266-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loriinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopsittinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Visionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Ecologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Budgerigars_and_humanshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Etymologyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Aviculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Breedinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Chick_healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Developmenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Colour_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Mimicryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#See_alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Referenceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Bibliographyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopsittahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaculirostrishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neophemahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pezoporushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Forshaw266-8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lories_and_lorikeetshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribe_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loriinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fig_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopsittinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wright-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-tokita-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-deKloet-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Schweizer-7https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=3


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The anatomy of a male b!dgerigar

Wild b!dgerigars a#erage * cm (0 in) long, weigh +>+ grams (.>. o'), anddisplay a light green body colo!r (abdomen and r!mps), while their mantles (back andwing co#erts) display pitch-black mantle markings (blackish in fledgelings and immat!res)edged in clear yellow !nd!lations. The forehead and face is yellow in ad!lts b!t withblackish stripes down to the cere (nose) in yo!ng indi#id!als !ntil they change into theirad!lt pl!magearo!nd three to fo!r months of age. They display small, p!rple cheek

patches and a series of three black spots across each side of their throats (called throatspots). The two o!termost throat spots are sit!ated at the base of each cheek patch. Thetail is cobalt (dark-bl!e)? and o!tside tail feathersdisplay central yellow flashes. Theirwings ha#e greenish-black flight feathers and black co#erts with yellow fringes along withcentral yellow flashes, which only become #isible in flight or when the wings areo!tstretched. ills are oli#e grey and legs bl!eish-grey, with 'ygodactyltoes.$@&

!dgerigars in their nat!ral habitat in "!stralia are noticeably smaller than thosein capti#ity. This partic!lar parrot species has been bred in many other colo!rs andshades in capti#ity (e.g. bl!e, grey, grey-green, pieds, #iolet, white, yellow-bl!e), altho!ghthey are mostly fo!nd in pet stores in bl!e, green, and yellow. =ike most parrot species,b!dgerigar pl!mage fl!oresces !nder !ltra#iolet light. This phenomenon is possiblyrelated to co!rtshipand mate selection.$+&

The !pper half of their beaks is m!ch taller than the bottom half and co#ers the bottomwhen closed. The beak does not protr!de m!ch, d!e to the thick, fl!ffy featherss!rro!nding it, gi#ing the appearance of a downward-pointing beak that lies flat againstthe face. The !pper half acts as a long, smooth co#er, while the bottom half is A!st abo!ta half-si'ed c!p-piece. These beaks allow the birds to eat plants, fr!its, and #egetables.

The colo!r of the cere(the area containing the nostrils) differs between these1es, beingroyal bl!e in males, pale brown to white (nonbreeding) or brown (breeding) in females,and pink in immat!res of both se1es (!s!ally of a more e#en p!rplish-pink colo!r inyo!ng males). 8ome female b!dgerigars de#elop brown cere only d!ring breeding time,which later ret!rns to the normal colo!r. Bo!ng females can often be identified by as!btle, chalky whiteness that starts aro!nd the nostrils. 7ales that are either"lbino,

=!tino,6ark-eyed 5learor 9ecessi#e Cied(6anishpied or harle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactyly#Zygodactylyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captivity_(animal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-UV-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearflight_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearflight_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-sex-11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feathershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactyly#Zygodactylyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captivity_(animal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtshiphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-UV-10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproductionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearflight_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-sex-11


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!dgerigar flock in the wild (8WD!eensland, "!stralia)

2t is !s!ally easy to tell the se1 of a b!dgerigar o#er si1 months old, mainly by the cerecolo!rs, b!t beha#io!rs and head shape also help indicate se1.

" mat!re males cere is !s!ally light to dark bl!e, b!t can be p!rplish to pink in somepartic!lar colo!r m!tations, s!ch as 6ark-eyed 5lears, 6anish Cieds (9ecessi#e Cieds)and 2nos, which !s!ally display m!ch ro!nder heads. 7ales are typically cheerf!l,e1tro#erted, highly flirtatio!s, peacef!lly social, and #ery #ocal.$citation needed&

Females ceres are pinkish as immat!res and switch from being beigish or whitisho!tside breeding condition into brown (often with a cr!sty te1t!re) in breeding conditionand !s!ally display flattened backs of heads (right abo#e the nape region). Females aretypically highly dominant and more socially intolerant.$%&

When females get older, their ceres tend to be brown !s!ally, females are often morebossy and r!de with their own gender, b!t with males they get along better? !s!ally whenb!dgies of different gender are p!t together, they tend to be more kind to each other.8ome will not e#en fight or peck at each other for their life time. $citation needed&

Vision$edit&

=ike many birds, b!dgerigars ha#etetrachromaticcolo!r #ision,b!t all fo!r classesof cone cellsoperating sim!ltaneo!sly re

Ecology$edit&

Female b!dgerigar at"lice 8prings 6esert Cark

!dgerigars are nomadic birds fo!nd in open habitats, primarily in scr!blands,open woodlands, and grasslandsof "!stralia. The birds are normally fo!nd insmallflocks,b!t can form #ery large flocks !nder fa#o!rable conditions. The nomadicmo#ement of the flocks is tied to the a#ailability offoodand water.$@&6ro!ghtcan dri#eflocks into more wooded habitat or coastal areas. They feed ontheseedsofspinife1,grassseeds,and sometimes ripeningwheat.$@&$&

;at!ralised feralb!dgerigars ha#e been recorded since the @+s in the 8t.Cetersb!rg,Florida,area of the Enited 8tates, b!t are m!ch less common now than they
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland,_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromatichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromatichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_visionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_visionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-UV-10https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Springs_Desert_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrublandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasslandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triodia_(plant_genus)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wild_budgie-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland,_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachromatichttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_visionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_cellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-UV-10https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Springs_Desert_Parkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrublandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasslandhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droughthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triodia_(plant_genus)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grasshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seedhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wild_budgie-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feralhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Petersburg,_Floridahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida


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were in the early @*+s. 2ncreased competition from 3!ropean starlingsand ho!sesparrowsis tho!ght to be the primary ca!se of the pop!lation decline. $&

Budgerigars and humans$edit&Etymology$edit&

!dgerigar at Fort Worth ooin Te1as. The bl!ecereat the top of the beak shows that this is a

male

"lternati#e common names incl!de shell parrot, warbling grass parakeet, canary parrot,'ebra parrot, flight bird, scallop parrot and the alternate spellings b!dgerygah andbetcherrygah.$&"ltho!gh more applicable to members of the gen!sAgapornis,the namelo#ebird has been applied to them from their habit of m!t!al preening. $&

8e#eral possible origins for the 3nglish name Gb!dgerigarG ha#e been proposedH

" mispron!nciation or alterationof Iamilaraaygidjirrigaa$ i iri a & ,$0&$*&possiblyinfl!enced by the "!stralianslangword Gb!dgeryG,meaning GgoodG.

8imilarly, from gijirragaafrom the B!waalaraay.$@&Thenomadic nat!re of "!stralias aboriginals wo!ld lenditself to forming common ling!istic references, and sincenone had any written lang!age, differences inpron!nciation and the presentation thereof ares!bAecti#e within the constr!cts of Western hearing.

" compo!nd of Gb!dgeryG, GgoodG and garGcockatooG.$%+&The word Gb!dgeryG, also spelt GbooAeryG, was formerlyin !se in"!stralian 3nglishslang meaning GgoodG.

The b!dgerigar was first described by Ieorge 8hawin *+, and gi#en its c!rrentbinomial name by John Io!ldin *+. The gen!s name Melopsittacuscomesfrom Ireekand means Gmelodio!s parrotG.$%&The species name undulatusis =atinforG!nd!latedG or Gwa#e-patternedG.$%%&Io!ld noted the term betcherrygahwas !sed byindigeno!s people of the=i#erpool Clainsin ;ew 8o!th Wales.$%&While many referencesmention GgoodG as part of the meaning, and a few specify Ggood birdG, it is

name deri#ed from their migratory nat!re. With seasonal changes that left parts of the=i#erpool Clains barren, they wo!ld mo#e to areas with resid!al water, that still prod!ced
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_starlinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_sparrowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_sparrowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth_Zoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth_Zoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Lendon73-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Lendon73-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agapornishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agapornishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Lendon73-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamilaraay_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Australian_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Australian_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slanghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slanghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gouldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Liddell1980-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Plainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Plainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-24https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_starlinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_sparrowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_sparrowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-15https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=6https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Worth_Zoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beak#Cerehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Lendon73-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agapornishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Lendon73-16https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamilaraay_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Australian_languageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-17https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-18https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slanghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-19https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockatoohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-20https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Englishhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Shawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gouldhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Liddell1980-21https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_languagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-22https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Plainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-23https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-24


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the seeds they so!ght. y following the birds, the aboriginals co!ld locate water, and alsoother game and food plants. Th!s, the birds co!ld lead them to Ggood foodG.

Aviculture$edit&

The b!dgerigar has been bred in capti#ity since the *+s. reeders ha#e worked toprod!ce a #ariety of colo!r, pattern, and feather m!tations, incl!dingalbino,bl!e,cinnamon-ino (lacewinged), clearwinged, crested,dark, greywinged, opaline, pieds,spangled,dil!te (s!ff!sed), and #iolet.

3nglish Gb!dgieG (left), as compared to wild-type b!dgerigars

3nglish or GshowG b!dgerigars are abo!t twice as large as their wild co!nterparts, andwith a larger si'e and p!ffier head feathers ha#e a boldly e1aggerated look.The eyesandbeakcan be almost totally obsc!red by these fl!ffy head feathers. 3nglishb!dgerigars are typically more e1pensi#e than wild-type birds, and ha#e shorter life spanof abo!t se#en to nine years. reeders of 3nglish b!dgerigars often e1hibit their birdsat animal shows.7ost capti#e b!dgerigars in the pettrade are more similar in si'e andbody conformation to wild b!dgerigars.

!dgerigars are social animals and re

interaction with h!mans or with other b!dgerigars. !dgerigars, and especially females,will chew material s!ch as wood.When a b!dgerigar feels threatened, it will try to perchas high as possible and to bring its feathers close against its body in order to appearthinner.

Tame b!dgerigars can be ta!ght to speak,whistle,and play with h!mans. oth malesand females sing and can learn to mimic so!nds and words and do simple tricks, b!tsinging and mimicry are more prono!nced and better perfected in males. Females rarelylearn to mimic more than a do'en words. 7ales can easily achttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=9https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=8https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Budgerigar_Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilute_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beakhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Show_(animal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistlinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuttlebonehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-25https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercisehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_fancier's_lunghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersensitivity_pneumonitishttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-26https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=9


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:ead detail of a male b!dgerigar

reeding in the wild generally takes place between J!ne and 8eptember in northern

"!stralia and between "!g!st and Jan!ary in the so!th, altho!gh b!dgerigarsare opport!nistic breedersand respond to rains when grass seeds become mostab!ndant. $@&They show signs of affection to their flockmates by preening or feeding oneanother. !dgerigars feed one another by eating the seeds themsel#es, and thenreg!rgitating it into their flockmates mo!th. Cop!lations in some areas ha#e increased asa res!lt of increased water a#ailability at farms.;estsare made in holes in trees, fenceposts, or logs lying on the gro!nd? the fo!r to si1eggsare inc!bated for *>% days, withthe yo!ng fledgingabo!t + days after hatching.$@&$&

2n the wild, #irt!ally all parrot species re

7ost health iss!es and physical abnormalities in b!dgerigars are genetic. 5are sho!ld betaken that birds !sed for breeding are acti#e, healthy, and !nrelated. !dgerigars that arerelated or which ha#e fatty t!mo!rs or other potential genetic health problems sho!ld notbe allowed to breed. Carasites (lice, mites, worms) and pathogens (bacteria, f!ngi and

#ir!ses), are contagio!s and th!s transmitted between indi#id!als thro!gh either direct orindirect contact. ;est bo1es sho!ld be cleaned between !ses.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_breedershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_egghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_egghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_egghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wild_budgie-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captivity_(animal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchlinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseaseshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunistic_breedershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farmshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_egghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fledgehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-forshaw-9https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-wild_budgie-14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captivity_(animal)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-Talk_Budgies.C2.A0.E2.80.94_Breeding-27https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchlinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=10https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deathhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases


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8play legis a relati#ely common problem in baby b!dgerigars and other birds? one theb!dgerigars legs is bent o!tward, which pre#ents it from being able to stand properly andcompete with the other chicks for food, and can also lead to diffic!lties in reprod!cing inad!lthood. The condition is ca!sed by yo!ng b!dgerigars slipping repeatedly on the floorof a nest bo1. 2t is easily a#oided by placing a small

They de#elop feathersaro!nd three weeks of age. (Kne can often easily note the colo!rm!tation of the indi#id!al birds at this point.) "t this stage of the chicks de#elopment, the

male !s!ally has beg!n to enter the nest to help his female in caring and feeding thechicks. 8ome b!dgerigar females, howe#er, totally forbid the male from entering the nestand th!s take the f!ll responsibility of rearing the chicks !ntil they fledge.

6epending on the si'e of the cl!tch and most partic!larly in the case of single mothers, itmay then be wise to transfer a portion of the hatchlings (or best of the fertile eggs) toanother pair. The foster pair m!st already be in breeding mode and th!s either at thelaying or inc!bating stages, or already rearing hatchlings.

"s the chicks de#elop and grow feathers, they are able to be left on their own for longerperiods of time. y the fifth week, the chicks are strong eno!gh that both parents will becomfortable in staying o!t of the nest more. The yo!ngsters will stretch their wings togain strength before they attempt to fly.They will also help defend the bo1 from enemies,mostly with their lo!d screeching. Bo!ng b!dgerigars typically fledge (lea#e the nest)aro!nd their fifth week of age and are !s!ally completely weaned between si1 to eightweeks old. :owe#er, the age for fledging, as well as weaning, can #ary slightlydepending on whether its age and the n!mber of s!r#i#ing chicks. Ienerally speaking,the oldest chick is the first to be weaned. Tho!gh it is logically the last one to be weaned,the yo!ngest chick is often weaned at a yo!nger age than its older sibling(s). This can bea res!lt of mimicking the actions of older siblings. =one s!r#i#ing chicks are often weanedat the yo!ngest possible age as a res!lt of ha#ing their parents f!ll attention and care.

:and-reared b!dgies may take slightly longer to wean than parent-raised chicks. :andfeeding is not ro!tinely done with b!dgerigars, d!e to their small si'e, and beca!seyo!ng parent raised birds can be readily tamed.

Colour mutations$edit&Main article:Budgerigar colour genetics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraddle_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraddle_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=11https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altricialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altricialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altricialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_(feather)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_geneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_geneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spraddle_leghttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=11https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altricialhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down_(feather)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Featherhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flighthttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=12https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_genetics


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"d!lt females (top) display beige to brown ceres, while ad!lt males (bottom) typically ha#e bl!e

ceres or p!rplish-pink in albinistic and recessi#e pied #arieties.

"ll capti#e b!dgerigars are di#ided into two basic series of colo!rs? namely, white-based(bl!e, grey and white) and yellow-based (green, grey-green and yellow). Cresently, atleast % primary m!tations(incl!ding #iolet) occ!r, enabling h!ndreds of possiblesecondary m!tations (stable combined primary m!tations) and colo!r #arieties (!nstable

combined m!tations).Mimicry$edit&Main article:Talking bird

7ale specimens of b!dgerigars are considered to be one of the top fi#e talkingchampions amongst parrot species, alongside the"frican grey, theama'on, andtheeclect!s parrots, and thering-necked parakeet.$citation needed&

C!ck, a male b!dgerigar owned by "merican 5amille Jordan, holds the world record forthe largest #ocab!lary of any bird, at ,0%* words. C!ck died in @@, with the record firstappearing in the @@ edition of I!inness World 9ecords.$%*&$%@&

2n %++, recordings of a b!dgerigar called 4ictor got some attention from the media.

4ictors owner, 9yan . 9eynolds of 5anada, stated 4ictor was able to engage inconte1t!al con#ersation and predict the f!t!re. $+&$&Tho!gh some belie#e the animal wasable to predict his own death as was claimed, $%&f!rther st!dy on the s!bAect is diffic!ltwitho!t the bird. The recordings still remain to be #erified by scientific analysis.$&5riticsarg!e 4ictors speech in the recordings is not coherent eno!gh to be determined asspoken in conte1t.$&

Cet b!dgies ha#e contin!ed to make headlines all o#er the world for their mimicry, talkingability, and charm. Kne b!dgie, named 6isco, has become an internet s!perstar. $&"s of%+, 6isco has been #iewed o#er ,+0,0 times on his Bo!T!be channel. $&8ome of6iscos most pop!lar key phrases incl!de, G2 am not a crookG and G;obody p!ts baby birdin a cornerMG$0&

See also$edit&
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=13https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_grey_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-necked_parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-necked_parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-necked_parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=14https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=14https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=13https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talking_birdhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_grey_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_parrothttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring-necked_parakeethttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinness_World_Recordshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-28https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-30https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-32https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-33https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-34https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-35https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-36https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar#cite_note-37https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=14


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!dgerigar colo!r genetics

Whipper (b!dgerigar)

8parkie (b!dgerigar)

Talking bird

References$edit&

. Jump up BirdLife nternational!"#$"%& 'Melopsittacusundulatus'&()N *ed List of Threatened+pecies&,ersion "#$"&$&nternational (nion for)onser-ation of Nature& *etrie-ed $. /uly"#$"&

%. Jump up '0r& Marshall1s Philosophy on Breeding23hibition Budgerigars'& Bird 4ealth& "##5& Archi-ed

from the originalon "##56#76$$& *etrie-ed 5No-ember "#$8&

. Jump up Perrins9 )hristopher9 ed& !"##8%& 'Parrots9Lories9 and )ockatoos'& The Ne 2ncyclopedia ofBirds !$ ed&%& ;3ford: ;3ford (ni-ersity Press&+BN.&doi:$#&$#&PM0$7.>8=88&

. NJ!mp !p toHabcTokita9 M Ciyoshi T Armstrong CN!"##=%& '2-olution of craniofacial no-elty in parrotsthrough de-elopmental modularity andheterochrony'&2-olution F 0e-elopment 9!.%: >">6$5"G&"##=#$


13/19

@. NJ!mp !p toHabcdef@orsha9 /oseph Michael ?illiam T&)ooper !$@? Kctober %++.

. NJ!mp !p toHab'The ?ild Budgerigar'!article%&*etrie-ed "> April "##.&

. Jump up Cranty %++

. NJ!mp !p toHabLendon9 Alan 4& !$=6#&

%. Jump up 'ndigenous Bird Names of the 4unter *egionof Ne +outh ?ales'& Australian Museum ebsite&+ydney9 Ne +outh ?ales: Australian Museum& "##


14/19

%. Jump up 'Birds ;nline Life span of a budgie'&*etrie-ed ". 0ecember "##>&

%. Jump up 4endrick9 0& /& @au39 /& A& Marshall9 * !/uly$


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to 5!ckoos. =yn1 3dicions, arcelona. 28; *-*0-%%-@

Further reading$edit&

The dictionary definition of b!dgerigarat Wiktionary

6ikimedia Commons &as

media related toBudgerigar.

6ikimedia Commons &as

media related

toDomesticated

budgerigars.

6ikis+ecies&as information

related to#Melopsittacus

undulatus

World Carrot Tr!stCarrot 3ncyclopedia L 8peciesCrofiles

" Tr!e "mbassadorH the !dgerigar9eferenced articleon b!dgerigars

!dgerigar genomein3nsembl

&ide!

t

e

Budgerigar mutations

Colour mutations

Blue

Cinnamon

Clearwing

7ark

7ilute

7ominant Clearbod'

-re'wing

Ino

*late

*e89linked Clearbod'

:iolet

$allo% mutations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8487334229https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8487334229https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=17https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domesticated_budgerigarshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domesticated_budgerigarshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domesticated_budgerigarshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispecieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispecieshttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttp://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/budgerigar/http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/budgerigar/http://www.holisticbirds.com/pages/budgie0601.htmhttp://pre.ensembl.org/Melopsittacus_undulatus/Info/Indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemblhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemblhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Budgerigar_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Budgerigar_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Budgerigar_mutations&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearwing_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilute_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_Clearbody_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywing_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-linked_Clearbody_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8487334229https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8487334229https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edit&section=17https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domesticated_budgerigarshttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Domesticated_budgerigarshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispecieshttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttps://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttp://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/budgerigar/http://www.holisticbirds.com/pages/budgie0601.htmhttp://pre.ensembl.org/Melopsittacus_undulatus/Info/Indexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensemblhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Budgerigar_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Budgerigar_mutationshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Budgerigar_mutations&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearwing_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilute_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_Clearbody_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywing_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ino_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-linked_Clearbody_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_budgerigar_mutation


16/19

;nglis& Fallow

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_Grey_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Grey_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recessive_Grey_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowface_I_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowface_II_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackface_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mottled_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaline_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saddleback_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spangle_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearflight_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crested_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feather_Duster_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Half-sider_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_geneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breedinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_controlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Numberhttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85017599http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85017599https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_Filehttp://d-nb.info/gnd/4065320-1http://d-nb.info/gnd/4065320-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_specieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Birds_of_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Broad-tailed_parrotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Platycercinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Talking_birdshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Animals_described_in_1805https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Feral_parrotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scottish_Fallow_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_Grey_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Grey_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recessive_Grey_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowface_I_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowface_II_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blackface_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mottled_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opaline_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saddleback_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spangle_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearflight_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive_Pied_budgerigar_mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crested_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feather_Duster_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Half-sider_budgerigar_mutation&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigar_colour_geneticshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_breedinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_controlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Numberhttp://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85017599https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Authority_Filehttp://d-nb.info/gnd/4065320-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categoryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:IUCN_Red_List_least_concern_specieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Birds_of_Australiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Broad-tailed_parrotshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Platycercinihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Talking_birdshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Animals_described_in_1805https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Feral_parrots


17/19

31tant Caleocene first appearances

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Extant_Paleocene_first_appearanceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyContributionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Budgerigar&type=signuphttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_contenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Randomhttps://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=enhttps://shop.wikimedia.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&oldid=699996814https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=infohttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121221https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Budgerigar&id=699996814https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Budgerigar&returnto=Budgerigar&oldid=699996814&writer=rdf2latexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&printable=yeshttps://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellensittichhttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BBhttps://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periquitohttps://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttps://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andulka_vlnkovan%C3%A1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Extant_Paleocene_first_appearanceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyTalkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:MyContributionshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Budgerigar&type=signuphttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=edithttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Pagehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Featured_contenthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_eventshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Randomhttps://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=enhttps://shop.wikimedia.org/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Contentshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Abouthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portalhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_ushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizardhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPageshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&oldid=699996814https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&action=infohttps://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121221https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Budgerigar&id=699996814https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Budgerigarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Budgerigar&returnto=Budgerigar&oldid=699996814&writer=rdf2latexhttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Budgerigar&printable=yeshttps://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellensittichhttps://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A9https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BBhttps://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periquitohttps://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melopsittacus_undulatushttps://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andulka_vlnkovan%C3%A1


18/19

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