Buddhism Through Sounds

7/23/2019 Buddhism Through Sounds

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Fhpacoi Trcjgkt|Luff`hso V`rcum` [cubfs

Aioi N`gbpc A. Vs`grhbmTrhbkhpia, [H@B[, Mib`mtcnAhlriry [tieeAV]I, FìriosiaiAioi [cbioFhrgktcr, Vsgk`cnahbm Ocbistgry,

Fìriosiai

Or. Trinis` Fhawia[k`cca Vgik`gr, Ag`

Trce. [ibmhti Ogs`rioBimpur Wbhvgrshty

[pgkhia Vìbns tc,Iaa t`g Ocbisthk Crmibhzithcbs ibf t`g Aiois

]crns`cp [tiee, BHF Mibf`hbimir

Or. N. T. [conuwirOs. [. N [conuwirUhbiy @ishjiTrhyibni Lcrir[uvibh [urh

Os. [`hapi FisMuhfg

Fr. Jhmbgs` NìnirKccrfhbitcr, Bgw Ogfhi Fgshmb

Or. Irsìf lìhOgkìtrcbhks Ail

Or. K. [. \ic[gkrgtiry, @\FF, [hnnho

Fr. X. T. BgpiaJchbt [gkrgtiry, @\FF, [hnnho

Or. Vis`h Vgbzhbm\gsgirk` Kcbsuatibt, BHV, Mibmtcn

Or. Vis`h FgbsipiFhrgktcr, BHV, Mibmtcn

Or. Vgbzhb [iop`gaMgbgria Ahlrirhib, BHV, Mibmtcn

[hr Jhmogg NiagcbOushk Vgik`gr, Mibmtcn

Iknbcwagfmogbts


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Kcbkaushcb 97;

Euturg [kcpg Gxpgrhgbkg ibf Agirbhbm

Ibbgxurg 97=

Hbshm`ts 949

Ehbfhbms \gvhsgf Lrhge

GxpacrithcbsTrctctyphbm 948

Gxpacrithcbs Trctctyphbm

Vilag ce Kcbtgbts

Hbtrcfukthcb ;

Ilstrikt Octhvithcb Trgeikg Hbhthia Lrhge

\gsgirk` 9;

Ocbistgrhgs Uhshtgf Hbhthia hbvgsthmithcb

Luff`hso Luff`hso hb Vhlgt Vhlgtib Luff`hso ibf \gaitgf [cubfs


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HBV\CFWKVHCB

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[bgìa [conuwir|Bgw Ogfhi Fgshmb

V`hs prcjgkt prgsgbtgf ib cppcrtubhty tc nbcw t`gshmbhkibkg ce scubf ibf oushk hb Luff`hso, tcnbcw ilcut t`g sphrhtuia geegkt ce scubfs t`rcum`kìbthbm ibf oushkia hbstruogbts. Ht ceegrgf iwiy tc nbcw ocrg ilcut Luff`hso t`rcum` t`gogfhuo ce scubfs. Ht iasc ogbthcbs virhithcbsclsgrvgf hb Luff`hso furhbm t`g kcursg ce t`hsprcjgkt, ibf friws cut i kcopirhscb lgtwggb

t`g kurrgbt prikthkgs ibf tgik`hbms ce Luffìogbthcbgf hb virhcus tgxts.

V`g prcjgkts irtgeikt ceegrs ib cppcrtubhty tchbfuamg wht` t`g fheegrgbt scubfs clsgrvgffurhbm i Luff`hst priygr. V`g irtgeikt ceegrsib hbshm`t hbtc t`g virhithcbs clsgrvgf t`rcum`scubf is i ogfhuo. Ht hs ib ittgopt tc lg ilagtc sthr pgcpag tc qugsthcb cr tc nbcw ocrgilcut t`g gxhsthbm prikthkgs. Tgcpag irg cpgbtc hbtgrprgt t`g fheegrgbt scubfs usgf hb t`g

hbstiaaithcb ibf kcog up wht` t`ghr ogibhbmsibf gxpgrhgbkgs.

9.9Ilstrikt"@g w`c nbcws t`g sgkrgt ce t`g scubf nbcwst`g oystgry ce t`g w`cag ubhvgrsg"

- @izrit Hbiyit Nìb hb V`g Oysthkhsoce [cubf

[cubf hs iaa ircubf us ibf hts geegkts cb uoibskibbct lg fgbhgf. @ivhbm p`yshcacmhkia

is wgaa is psyk`cacmhkia geegkt cb us, htvgry ouk` ieegkts `cw wg lgìvg cr rgikttcwirfs i pirthkuair scubf. [cubf ìs t`gilhahty tc iatgr wht` cur gocthcbs, tc oingus ìppy cr sif> ilhahty tc kiao fcwb cur`girt lgits ibf iasc, tc oing us ibxhcus.

[hagbkg, tcc, hs ib hopcrtibt eiktcr tìthbugbkgs cur lgìvhcria rgikthcbs. [hagbkgibf [cubf irg hbtgr-rgaitgf. Cbg kibbctubfgrstibf t`g hopcrtibkg ce shagbkg wht`cut

ìvhbm scubfs ircubf. @cw gvgr scct`hbm ibfkiao shagbkg hs, tcc ouk` ce ht kib lgkcogubbgrvhbm tcc. Cbg ce t`g mccf kcolhbithcbsce shagbkg ibf scubfs kib lg gxpgrhgbkgf hbt`g Luff`hst ocbistgrhgs. V`g paiy ce shagbkgibf scubf hb t`ghr priygrs ibf kìbthbm agivgscbg ogsogrhzgf.


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V`rcum` oy nbcwagfmg ce tgk`bcacmy ibfscubf is ogfhuo, H tccn t`hs prcjgkt up is ikìaagbmg tc prgsgbt oy pchbt ce vhgw hb i wiytìt pgcpag agivg wht` ib gxpgrhgbkg ibf it`cum`t ilcut Luff`hso.

9. @cwi kcolhbithcb ce fheegrgbt scubfs ibf shagbkgìs t`g ilhahty ce ahm`tgbhbm up cur occfs croing us sgrgbg cr vhcagbt cr ibxhcus. H iawiysecubf ht hbtgrgsthbm> tc nbcw t`g ogibhbms tìtpgcpag cr kuaturgs caf ilcut scubfs ibf t`ghrfheegrgbt hbtgrprgtithcbs.

Gvgry rgahmhcb ìs scubf is hts cbg ce t`gkcrg prikthkgs. Lg ht t`g scubf ce lgaas cr t`grgpgththcbs ce oibtris, ht iawiys oings cbg stcpibf piy ittgbthcb tc t`go. Lghbm i Luff`hst,

nbcwhbm ocrg ilcut hts scubf ibf shmbhkibkgsceegrgf t`g rst stgp tcwirfs t`hs vist tcphk. Vcstirt wht`, oushkia hbstruogbts hb prikthkg hb t`gocbistgrhgs sggogf t`g pgregkt cpthcb. Hfgice mgtthbm tc nbcw oy rgahmhcb hb i lgttgr wiyiktgf is ib hbsphrithcb.


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`hs ecaacwgrs, ibf t`g sprgif ce `hs rgahmhcbshbkg t`gb hs i vist gaf tc stufy. Is t`g buolgrce sgirk`gs cb hbtgrbgthbkrgisgf, ubfgrstibfhbm wgbt eirt`gr. Imihb,birrcwhbm ht fcwb wis i bgkgsshty. Cpthcbswgrg ght`gr tc kcbkgbtritg cb t`g aheg ce Luffì,`hs tgik`hbms cr t`g sprgif ce Luff`hso cr cbtc t`g lgahges ce pgcpag ibf cw t`gy ecaacw ht.

ht. @irfay nbcwhbm ouk` ilcut Luff`hso, htwis ib cppcrtubhty tc nbcw ocrg ilcut t`hsrgahmhcb (sthaa fglitgf he hts i rgahmhcb, isquctgf ly ib gafgr eiohay ogolgr).

Luff`hso, i stcry ce `cog tc oiby hopcrtibt cafrgahmhcbs ahng @hbfuhso, Hsaio, K`rhsthibhty ibfLuff`hso. Oiby sk`cairs ivg rgsgirk`gf ibfwrhttgb vcauogs cb ht, ibf sthaa bct kcvgrgf httctiaay.

Ht wis furhbm i vhfgc fckuogbtiry V`g [tcryce Hbfhi, tìt t`g hfgi ce t`hs prcjgkt stirtgf.V`g hfgi wis tc kipturg t`g gssgbkg ce t`gubhqug Hbfhib kuaturg.

Ietgr rgifhbm ibf witk`hbm i egw ocrgfckuogbtirhgs, t`g vistbgss ce ht pcsgf iqugsthcb. V`g `hstcry ibf kuaturg ce Hbfhi hs scvist, sc rhk` ibf fhvgrsg, tìt tc kcvgr ht hb ishx-ocbt` rgsgirk` prcjgkt hs lirgay pcsshlag.Birrcwhbm ht fcwb wis i pgrscbia k`chkg.Lghbm i Luff`hst, ht wis gishgr tc fgkhfg cb

9.;Trgeikg

Ehm 9.9 Lisgf cb lccn V`g [tcry Ce Hbfhi ly Ohkìga ]ccf


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9Oihbay t`g ocbistgrhgs hb Fìriosiai ibfAifin` rgmhcb, tc ittgbf t`ghr priygrs ibf

hbtgrvhgw t`go, sc tìt H mgt ocrg hbshm`t cbt`g tcphk. I paib wis t`gb kìangf cut ecr iocbt`s acbm trhp tc [hnnho, Fìriosiai ibfAg`. V`g paib wis tc vhsht oixhouo buolgr ceocbistgrhgs ivchfhbm ouk` thog hb trivgaahbm.V`grg irg ùbfrgfs ce ocbistgrhgs hb t`gsgrgmhcbs ibf fgkhfhbm w`hk` cbgs tc vhsht wisfcbg is pgr t`g fhstibkgs ibf t`ghr hopcrtibkg


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9.6Hbhthia LrhgeLuff`hso, w`csg lgahges ibf prikthkgs irglisgf cb t`g tgik`hbms ce Trhbkg [hffìrtìMiutioi, nbcwb is Luffì, hs i whfgsprgifrgahmhcb. V`hs prcjgkt wcuaf gopìshzg ocrgcb Oiìyibi, ibf gspgkhiaay Uijriyibicr Fhiocbf Ug`hkag sgkt ce Oiìyibi.Uijriyibi, iasc nbcwb is Vibtrhk Luff`hsohs ecaacwgf hb Vhlgt ibf Bcrt` Hbfhi rgmhcb. Htikkgpts iaa t`g lishk kcbkgpts ce Oiìyibi,lut iasc hbkaufgs i vist irriy ce sphrhtuia ibfp`yshkia tgk`bhqugs, fgshmbgf tc gbìbkgLuff`hst prikthkg. Vibtrhk Luff`hso hs airmgaykcbkgrbgf wht` rhtuia ibf ogfhtithvg prikthkgs.Hb iaa t`gsg rhtuias, i kgrtihb sgt ce oushkiahbstruogbts irg usgf, kiaagf Ocbisthk \htuiahbstruogbts. V`gsg hbstruogbts sgrvg i kgrtihbpurpcsg> kiaa ht ceegrhbm ce scubf tc fghthgs crhbvckithcb ce mcfs.

V`hs prcjgkt wcuaf iho tc usg scubf is iogfhuo tc prcvhfg ib hfgi ce Vhlgtib rhtuiahbstruogbts, usgf hb Luff`hst ocbistgrhgs ibft`ghr hopcrtibkg, ogibhbm ibf shmbhkibkg cet`ghr scubfs. Iasc, ht wcuaf prcvhfg i mahopsgce Luff`hso ibf sgg he Vhlgtib Luff`hso hsiby fheegrgbt tìb t`g prhohthvg Luff`hso tìtcrhmhbitgf hb Hbfhi.


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\ G [ G I \ K @

ht agifs tc \hm`tV`cum`ts ce bcb-ittikògbt cr rgbubkhithcb,acvhbm-nhbfbgss, ibf ìroagssbgss, w`hkìrg cppcsgf tc sgas`bgss, haawhaa, ibf krugatyrgspgkthvgay. \hm`t V`cum`ts rgsuat hb \hm`t[pggk`, \hm`t Ikthcb, ibf \hm`t Ahvgah`ccf,w`hk` t`rgg eiktcrs pgregkt cbgs ocriahty. V`gshxt` eiktcr hs \hm`t Geecrt w`hk` fgias wht` t`ggahohbithcb ce gvha stitgs ibf t`g fgvgacpogbtce mccf stitgs hb cbgsgae. V`hs sgae-purhkithcb hslgst fcbg ly i kirgeua hbtrcspgkthcb, ecr w`hk`\hm`t Ohbfeuabgss, t`g sgvgbt` eiktcr, hs gssgbthia.Geecrt, kcolhbgf wht` Ohbfeuabgss, prcfukgs\hm`t Kcbkgbtrithcb cr cbg-pchbtgfbgss ce t`gohbf, t`g ghm`t` eiktcr. I cbg-pchbtgf ohbf

rgsgolags i pcahs`gf ohrrcr w`grg gvgryt`hbmhs kagiray rggktgf wht` bc fhstcrthcb.

--Gxkgrpt erco V`g Luffì ibf @hs Vgik`hbmsly Birifi Oiìt`gri cb Ghm`tecaf Tit`



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@gbkg, ogrg lgahge hs fgt`rcbgf ibf ecr ht hssulsthtutgf lgahge lisgf cb nbcwagfmg.

Is ogbthcbgf hb V`g Luffì ibf @hs Vgik`hbms,eckushbm cb Ugfisibf Wpibhsìfs, Luffìsihf Fc bct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm cb ogrg grgsiy.Fc bct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm ly ogrg trifhthcb. Fcbct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm cb ikkcubt ce ruocurs.Fc bct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm just lgkiusg ht ikkcrfs

wht` ycur skrhpturgs. Fc bct ikkgpt ibyt`hbmly ogrgay kcbshfgrhbm t`g ippgiribkgs. Fcbct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm ogrgay lgkiusg ht imrggswht` ycur prgkcbkhgvgf bcthcbs. Fc bct ikkgptibyt`hbm ogrgay lgkiusg ht sggos ikkgptilag.Fc bct ikkgpt ibyt`hbm t`hbnhbm ib iskgthkhs rgspgktgf ly us. Lut w`gb ycu nbcw ecr

ycursgavgs, ikt ikkcrfhbmay.

Gvgb ecr `hs cwb tgik`hbms, `g isngf `hs

ecaacwgrs bct tc ikkgpt `hs tgik`hbms lahbfay,lut tc ubfgrstibf t`g ogibhbm lg`hbf t`go.Is t`g whsg tgst mcaf ly lurbhbm, kutthbm ibfrullhbm ht, sc irg ycu tc ikkgpt oy wcrfs ietgrgxiohbhbm t`go ibf bct ogrgay cut ce rgmirfecr og.

Luffì cb Mcf

Mcf hs rgegrrgf is i supgrùoib lghbmwcrs`hppgf is hts ìvhbm pcwgr cvgr biturgcr ùoib, prhbkhpia cljgkt ce eiht` ibf t`gkrgitcr ce ubhvgrsg. Luffì rgjgktgf t`g hfgice gxhstgbkg ce i krgitcr w`gt`gr hb t`g ecroce i lghbm cr i ecrkg. @g irmugf tìt Mcfw`c hs kiaagf t`g pgroibgbt ecrkg, kcbstibt,gtgrbia ibf ubkìbmhbm, cw hs sc pcsshlag hbt`g wcraf w`hk` hs gvgr kìbmhbm ibf hb w`hk`bct`hbm hs pgroibgbt.

Luffì cb \gahmhcb

Hb t`g Cxecrf fhkthcbiry, rgahmhcb hs fgbgf ist`g lgahge hb ibf wcrs`hp ce i supgrùoibkcbtrcaahbm pcwgr, gspgkhiaay i pgrscbia mcf cr

mcfs, i pirthkuair systgo ce eiht` ibf wcrs`hp, ipursuht cr hbtgrgst ecaacwgf wht` mrgit fgvcthcb.Luffì fgbhgs t`g gxhstgbkg ce mcf ibf tùst`g kcrg purpcsg ce rgahmhcb, is ogbthcbgfilcvg, hs fgegitgf.

Luff`hso hs bct gxiktay i rgahmhcb, hb t`g sgbsght fcgsbt fgoibf lahbf eiht` erco hts if`grgbts.

Luffì cb [ibn`yi systgo

Luffì ecaacwgf t`g Hbfhib p`hacscpgr Niphais[ibn`yi[ystgo. Ht siys t`g trut` oust lgsuppcrtgf ly prcce. V`grg hs bc trut` wht`cutprcce. Ecr t`g purpcsg ce prcvhbm t`g trut`,Niphai prcvhfgf twc ogibs ce prcce: pgrkgpthcbibf hbegrgbkg.

Ly pgrkgpthcb `g ogibt rgkcmbhthcb ibfhbtgrprgtithcb ce i prgsgbt cljgkt. Hbegrgbkg,`g fgbgf hb t`rgg stimgs

i. Erco kiusg tc geegkt, is erco t`gprgsgbkg ce kacufs tc rihb

l. Erco geegkt tc kiusg, is erco t`gsocng tc rg

k. Ly ibiacmy, is w`gb wg hbegr ercot`g eikt tìt he [bing ibf Krckcfhaglgacbm tc siog eiohay ibf [bing hs irgpthag, sc krckcfhag hs i rgpthag tcc.



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Luffì cb Niroi

V`g Luffìs aiw ce Niroiippahgf oihbay tcniroi ibf hts geegkt cb t`g prgsgbt aheg. Iat`cumìt scog paikgs, ht hs ogbthcbgf, geegkt ce pistaheg nirois is scog hbugbkg cb prgsgbt aheg,lut it scog paikgs, t`grg hs ogbthcb ce Luffìfculthbm t`g siog.

Luffì cb \glhrt`

]`hag tianhbm ilcut \glhrt`, Luffì fgbhgs t`ggxhstgbkg ce scua ibf tìt scua tings t`g lhrtìmihb. Luffì sihf, ùoib lcfy hs kcopcsgfce ecur gagogbts> girt`, witgr, rg ibf ihr.]`gb i lcfy fhgs, t`gsg gagogbts jchb t`g oissce shohair gagogbts cithbm hb t`g spikg. ]`gbt`g ecur gagogbts erco t`hs spikg jchb tcmgt`gri bgw lhrt` tings paikg. V`hs hs t`g rglhrt`Luffì ìs spcngb ilcut. V`gsg gagogbtsbggf bct ibf irg bct bgkgssirhay erco t`g sioglcfy w`hk` hs fgif. V`gy oiy lg friwb ercofheegrgbt fgif lcfhgs. Ht hs ocst hoprclilagtìt t`g gagogbts ce fgif lcfy kcog tcmgt`grtc ecro i bgw lcfy, he sc ìppgbs, rglhrt` cesiog sgbthgbt lghbm hs pcsshlag.

Fr. L. \ Iolgfnir hb `hs lccn V`g Luffìibf `hs Fìooi ìs ogbthcbgf fheegrgbkgshb Fìooi(Luffìs tgik`hbms) ibf rgahmhcb>\gahmhcb hs kcbkgrbgf wht` rgvgiahbm t`glgmhbbhbm ce t`hbms, w`hag Fìooi hs bct,V`g purpcsg ce rgahmhcb hs tc gxpaihb t`g crhmhbce t`g wcraf, w`hag t`g purpcsg ce Fìooihs tc rgkcbstrukt t`g wcraf. Hb Fìooit`grghs bc paikg ecr priygrs, phamrhoimgs, rhtuias

kgrgocbhgs cr sikrhkgs, ht cafs Ocriahty it t`g`hm`gst. Fìooihs bct ilcut pagishbm mcfsecr whs` euaaahbm cr ecr t`g sgirk` ce trut`.

Lgkiusg Luff`hso fcgs bct hbkaufg t`g hfgice wcrs`hpphbm i krgitcr mcf, scog pgcpagfc bct sgg ht is i rgahmhcb. V`g lishk lgahgesce Luff`hst tgik`hbm irg strihm`tecrwirfibf prikthkia: bct`hbm hs xgf cr pgroibgbt>ikthcbs ivg kcbsgqugbkgs> kìbmg hs pcsshlag.

[c Luff`hso iffrgssgs htsgae tc iaa pgcpaghrrgspgkthvg ce rikg, bithcbiahty, kistg, sgxuiahty,cr mgbfgr. Ht tgik`gs prikthkia ogt`cfs w`hk`gbilag pgcpag tc rgiahsg ibf usg hts tgik`hbmshb crfgr tc tribsecro t`ghr gxpgrhgbkg.



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7bhbg mcfs krgitgf t`g wcraf, i wcraf hb w`hk`lhrt`, fgit`, oirrhimg ibf shknbgss iaa `ivgt`ghr paikg.He t`g wcrs`hppgr kib ittubg hosgaetc t`g mcfs t`rcum` rhtuia, `g kib euaa t`gkcsohk crfgr. Ly hbvcnhbm t`g Lcbfghthgs, hb

]`gb Luff`hso kiog tc Vhlgt, ht eikgfcppcshthcb erco t`g Lcb prhgsts. Hb crfgrtc oing paikg ecr Luff`hso hb Vhlgt, act ceLcb prikthkgs wgrg ogrmgf hbtc Luff`hsorgsuathbm hb t`g Fhauthcb ce Luff`hso.

Ehm


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eihagf tc oggt t`g Lcb prhgsts hb ib gbkcubtgrce ohrikag. V`g Lcb gagogbts hb t`g kcurtprckaihogf t`g ecrghmbgrs fgegit hb kagvgrtgros ibf rgkcbvgrtgf t`g luan ce t`g pcpuaithcbhbtc t`ghr bithvg eiht`. V`g nhbm fhf bct yhgafibf hbvhtgf t`g eiocus oistgr ce Vibtri, MuruTifoisiolìvi tc vhsht Vhlgt.

t`g mgros ce Luff`hso hb Vhlgtib scha.

Iat`cum` act ce geecrts wgrg oifg ecr oinhbmLuff`hso t`g bithcbia rgahmhcb, ht fhf bct tingrcct hb i ecrghmb scha is gisahy ibf quhknay is[rcb Vsib Miopc ohm`t ìvg t`cum`t. V`gprcmrgss ce Luff`hso wisbt socct` hb t`grst twc kgbturhgs. Lcbwis sc fggpay rcctgfhb t`g ohbf ce kcoocb oib tìt Luff`hso

eikgf i act ce ìrs` cppcshthcb erco t`g lcbprhgsts. Gvgb t`g kcoocb oib wis ocrgittubgf tc t`g oimhkia prcpgrthgs ce Lcbtìbt`g p`hacscp`hkia tgik`hbms ce Luff`hso.

Is tcaf ly Iut`cr Bhroia K. [hbì, hb IbHbtrcfukthcb tc t`g @hstcry ibf \gahmhcb ceVhlgt, t`g agmgbf mcgs ahng, V`g Lcb prhgstsfhsputgf t`g iut`crhty ce t`g Luff`hst ocbnsibf kìaagbmgf t`go tc pcagohks ibf oystgrhgs.

Uhktcry hb fcktrhbia fglitgs wis gisy ecrsk`cair ocbns w`c bc fcult gopìshzgf t`gfcktrhbg ce siavithcb ecr iaa. V`g gaf ce oimhkwis cwgvgr bct kcbvgbhgbt ecr t`g ocbns ercoHbfhi is egw ce t`go wgrg ifgpt hb ckkuat. Hbt`g sgkcbf ìae ce t`g 0t` kbgtury, furhbm t`grghmb ce Vrh-scbm-Fg-tsgb, t`g Luff`hst ocbns

[tirthbm ce Luff`hso hbVhlgt

Just is Iscni wis t`g mrgit Luff`hst gopgrcrecr Hbfhi, Vhlgtib if t`g nhbm [rcb-Vsib-Miopc(lcrb hb 59= IF). @g tccn twc prhbkgssgs, cbgerco K`hbi ibf cbg erco Bgpia, is hs whvgs.

Lct` wgrg fgvcut Luff`hst ibf mct Luff`hstskrhpturgs ibf hfcas ce Luffì. Vgopags wgrgluhat ibf hoimgs ce t`g Luffì wgrg hbstiaagf.

Ht hs ogbthcbgf hb i egw lccns tìt t`grg wisbc rgahmhcb hb Vhlgt it tìt thog. Vc ik`hgvg`hs iolhthcb ce hbtrcfukhbm khvhahzithcb hb `hspgcpag, g ippchbtgf i ohbhstgr, cb hs whvgsifvhkg ibf sgbt `ho tc Hbfhi tc mgt Luff`hstlccns. @g iasc hbvhtgf ocbns ibf sk`cairserco Bgpia ibf Hbfhi tc gxpcubf t`g Luffìsfcktrhbg.

Iut`cr ce Luff`hso ce Vhlgt cr Aioihso, A. I.]iffgaa, wrctg, [rcb Vsib Miopc, lghbm cbgce t`g mrgitgst nhbms ce Vhlgt ibf t`g rst pitrcbce agirbhbm ibf khvhahzithcb hb tìt kcubtry, ibfìvhbm wht` t`g ihf ce `hs whvgs rst paibtgf

Aioihso hs t`g biog mhvgb tc VhlgtibLuff`hso. Aioi ogibs tgik`gr cr `hm`prhgst ibf ht hs gquhviagbt tc t`g [ibsnrhttgro Muru. Hts t`g thtag mhvgb tc iaa t`gocbns w`c ting ocbisthk vcws.



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Vùs oiby ce t`g tgrrheyhbm murgs hb Vhlgtib irtirg t`g caf gbgohgs ce Luff`hso w`c bcw iktis Trctgktcrs. Hb t`g ]gst, t`gsg fgocbs wcuafìvg lggb gxtgrohbitgf hb mrho whtk`-ùbts,rit`gr tìb wgakcogf is prctgktcrs.

Ht hs lgahgvgf tìt Murus ocst pcwgreua wgipcbecr wirrhbm t`g fgocbs wis Uijri, syolcahkce t`g tùbfgrlcat ce Acrf Hbfri ibf `g usgf

spgaas erco t`g Oiìyibi fcktrhbgs, ly w`hk``g sìttgrgf `hs supgrbituria ifvgrsgrhgs.

Ibf sc t`g tgro Uijriyibikiog hbtc t`g phkturgecr t`g ecro ce Luff`hso ecaacwgf hb Vhlgt.

Ehm


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Ht hs prikthsgf oihbay hb t`g @hoiaiyib rgmhcbsbiogay Aifin`, [hnnho, Bgpia, Lùtib, Vhlgtibf scog pirts ce K`hbi. Hts ubhqugbgss ahgshb t`g usg ce Vibtrhk prikthkgs is ib ihf ecrgbahm`tgbogbt.

Uijriyibi Luff`hso hs iasc kiaagf GsctgrhkLuff`hso, is t`g tribsohsshcb ce kgrtihbtgik`hbms cbay ckkurs fhrgktay erco tgik`gr tc

stufgbt furhbm ib hbhthithcb cr gopcwgrogbtibf kibbct lg agirbgf erco i lccn.

UijriyibiV`g UijriUg`hkag cr t`g Fhiocbf Ug`hkaghs cetgb kiaagf is t`g t`hrf turbhbm w`gga ceLuff`hso (Oiìyibi ibf @hbiyibi lghbmt`g rst ibf sgkcbf). Ht hs iasc nbcwb isVibtriyibi, Oibtriyibi, Gsctgrhk Luff`hsocr t`g Vùbfgrlcat wiy.

Vibtriyibi:- t`g Vibtri Ug`hkag. Ht hs sc kiaagflgkiusg ce t`g usg ce Vibtrhk prikthkgs.

It scog paikgs, rgegrgbkgs kib lg ecubftìt Vibtrhk prikthkgs sggpgf hb Luff`hsot`rcum` Hbfhib kaisshkia kuaturgs. Hb tìtgri, Bcrt`-Gist Hbfhi: Lgbmia, Crhssi,Issio, Vibtri frgw hbsphrithcb erco ackiaoimhk ibf ckkuat irts. [hbkg Luff`hsowgbt tc Vhlgt it t`hs thog, Vibtri `cafs istrcbm pcshthcb hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso.

Oibtriyibi :- t`g Oibtri Ug`hkag. \gkhthbmce Oibtris tc oing t`g ohbf kagir ibfpgikgeua.

Uijriyibi hs lgst nbcwb is ib gxtgbshcbce Oiìyibi. Trhbkhpia Vs`grhbm hb `hshbtgrvhgw ogbthcbgf, t`grg hs sthaa i fglitghe Uijriyibi hs t`g t`hrf sk`cca ce Luff`hsocr he hts i lribk` ce Oiìyibi. Ecr t`go,t`gy kcbshfgr ht is i lribk` ce Oiìyibi.



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Byhbmoi Ti

Byhbmoi ahtgriaay ogibs Caf Crfgr ibf htsuhts t`hs cafgst sgkt ce Uijriyibi hb Vhlgt. Htwis ecrogf ly Tifoisiolìvi ibf ecr iacbm thog ht stiygf iwiy erco iaa t`g pcahthkiahssugs, w`hag ct`gr sgkts mct hbvcavgf hb pcahthkiahssugs. Ht wcrs`hps Muru Tifoisiolìvi hb ivirhgty ce ecros, fhvhbg ibf fgocbhkia.

Byhbmoi, t`g rgf ìt sgkt ce Aiois, crfgrgopìshzgs t`g mrgit pgregkthcb ibf hts tibtrhkprikthkgs irg oihbay lisgf cb t`g Caf Vibtrisibf cb t`g hbstrukthcbs ecubf hb @hffgbVrgisurgs. Ht hs ocrg bgir tc t`g Bithvg Lcbprikthkgs ibf kgahliky ibf ilsthbgbkg hs rirgayprikthsgf.

[hr Jhmogg hb `hs hbtgrvhgw sihf, Byhbmoi

pi crfgr sthkns tc tcc ouk` tibtrhk prikthkgs.Byhbmoi-pi hs fhvhfgf hbtc sul sgkts lisgfcb t`g ifcpthcb ce fheegrgbt rgvgaithcbs. V`gsgsulsgkts irg biogf ght`gr ietgr t`g ecufgr crt`g pirgbt ocbistgry.

[gkts ce UijriyibiV`g Uijriyibi sgkts irg ecubfgf cb Oiìyibip`hacscp`hgs ibf fcktrhbgs> tibtri hs t`g ogt`cftc ecaacw t`g tgik`hbms. Tifoisiolìvi mctUijriyibi hb Vhlgt ibf agf t`g ecubfithcb cet`g Byhbmoi sk`cca. Aitgr hb t`g 99t` ibf9


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5 tc ivchf fgstrukthvg stcros,fhsgisg ibf fgit`> tc kcbtrca fgocbs ibf gvhasphrhts ibf aistay tc cvgrpcwgr t`g pisshcbs cet`g ohbf ibf gmc.

Vhlgtib rhtuias kib lg kitgmcrhsgf ubfgr t`rgg

typgs,

Ogfhtithcb ]crs`hp ibf hbwirf tribsecroithcb [pgkhia rhtuias ihohbm it t`g gahohbithcb

ce gvha ecrkgs, `giahbm purpcsgs ibf sc cb



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5=

Vhlgtib rhtuias kcbshst ce oiby tibtrhk prikthkgstìt kcbshst ce

\gpgththcb ce spgkhia rhtuia p`risgs croibtris

Wsg ce ib gxtgbshvg vckiluairy cevhsuia ihfs ahng kcsohk oibfiaifhimrios w`hk` hs usgf is i pit` tcsphrhtuia gbahm`tgbogbt

Wsg ce buogrcus Xcmitgk`bhqugs Hopcrtibkg ce i tgik`gr (muru)-fhskhpag (s`hs`yi) rgaithcbs`hp(piriopiri)

Wsg ce spgkhiahsgf rhtuias rcctgf hb t`gUijriyibi kcsocacmy ibf lgahges

Wsg ce rhtuia cljgkts suk` is t`gvijriibf lgaa (mìbti), ìbf-fruo(fioru), ibf oiby ct`gr syolcahktccas ibf oushkia hbstruogbts

Lirfc

Hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso, Lirfc, rgegrs tc t`g stitglgtwggb fgit` ibf t`g bgxt lhrt`. Trikthkgsecaacwgf hb Lirfc ceegr i pit` tc t`g scua cet`g fgif pgrscb ecr t`g bgxt lhrt`. Ht mcgs cbecr ircubf 68 fiys.

K`c

K`c cr K`f hs i spgkhia typg ce oysthkhso tìt kib lgkiaagf i lagbf ce t`g Hbfhib Luff`hso Lcbpc ce Vhlgt.

K`f ahtgriaay ogibs "kutthbm t`rcum`" ibf t`grgecrgiasc nbcwb is "Kutthbm V`rcum` t`g Gmc". Ht kcoprhsgsce spgkhk ogfhtithcb ogt`cfs ibf i tibtrhk rhtuia. Htkuts t`rcum` `hbfribkgs ibf clskurithcb, scogthogskiaagf 'fgocbs' cr 'mcfs'. Gxiopags ce fgocbs irghmbcribkg, ibmgr ibf, hb pirthkuair, t`g fuiahso cepgrkghvhbm t`g sgae is hb`grgbtay ogibhbmeua, kcbtrirytc t`g Luff`hst fcktrhbg ce bc-sgae.



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purpcsg. Cbg kib gxpgrhgbkg i scct`hbm kiaoshagbkg cr i rgaixhbm r`ytò ce kìbthbm. Iasc,t`g usg ce oushkia hbstruogbts furhbm priygrskrgitg i ogsogrhzhbm itocsp`grg w`hk`pagisgs t`g ohbf.

Is i ocbn agirbs t`g Luff`hst skrhpturgs ibf t`g

scogt`hbm sc tribshgbt, ahstgbhbm tc oushk sgrvgstc isshst t`go hb agtthbm mc ce lct` fgshrg ibft`g hbfhvhfuia sgbsg ce sgae.

Hb Vhlgtib Luff`hst ocbistgrhgs, oushk ibfscubf irg ib hbtgmria pirt ce lct` aiy ibfocbisthk prikthkg ibf sgrvg i eubkthcbia rgahmhcus

[cubf, Oushk ibf t`ghrHopcrtibkgOushk kib aurg ycu iwiy hbtc i tribkg cr gvgbput ycu hb gkstisy. Oushk kib lg vhshcbiry iswgaa.

- \htuia Hbstruogbts: V`g Vccas ce V`gVrifg

[cubf ìs i sphrhtuia purpcsg, ib gafgr hbt`g eiohay if sihf w`hag gxpaihbhbm ilcut t`ghopcrtibkg ce wcrf Iuofurhbm ogfhtithcb.Wbfcultay, scubf iffs ib ubfgbhilag, ubhqugiuria gagogbt tc t`g rgahmhcus shtgs. Ht kib lgvgry wgaa whtbgssgf hb Vhlgtib ocbistgrhgs.

Hb Luff`hso, cbg hs bct suppcsgf tc nggp

ittikògbts wht` oitgrhihsthk t`hbms is bct`hbmhs pgroibgbt. Oushk, iasc, nggps s`hethbmkcbthbucusay wht` thog ibf spikg ibf sc ht hssihf tc tgik` pgrecrogrs ibf ahstgbgrs ilcut t`ggvgr kìbmhbm wcraf. [gib ]haahios hb [ikrgf[cubf: Gxpgrhgbkhbm oushk hb ]craf \gahmhcbsìs sihf, [hbkg t`gy (ocbns) kibbct pcssgss


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hbtc shagbkg, prcfukhbm ib gocthcbia hopiktcb t`g ogfhtithbm ohbf. Luff`hst p`hacscp`y hsissckhitgf wht` bct`hbmbgss ibf t`hs suffgbilsgbkg ce scubf krgitgs i vchf w`hk` kibfgphkt bct`hbmbgss. V`hs oiy iasc `gap t`gocbn tc gxpgrhgbkg (hb i ohkrckcsohk crshouaitgf wiy) stitg ce vchf w`hk` hs iascissckhitgf wht` stitg ce gbahm`tgbogbt.

Triygr ]`ggas: Hbfhkithcb cemgbgritgf ogrht

It iaa t`g Luff`hst Ocbistgrhgs, cbg whaa bfrcws ce priygr w`ggas, mcafgb cr lriss lirrgasit scog paikgs cr wccfgb it ct`gr, hb virhgfshzgs. Tgcpag kib lg sggb rctithbm t`go is t`gygbtgr cr agivg t`g ocbistgrhgs, siyhbm oibtris.V`gsg priygr w`ggas irg ogibt tc lg spub hbkacknwhsg fhrgkthcb> cbg rctithcb mgbgritgsogrhts ecr t`g cbg w`c rctitgs ht. V`grg irghbskrhlgf wht` t`g oibtri, Co Oibh Tifog@uo9.

Aioi Vs`grhbm sihf, He ycu rctitg t`g priygrw`gga cbkg, ht hs gquhviagbt tc siyhbm t`g oibtri

prceibg_ hs lrgik`gf ibf kcbtikt hs oifg wht`t`g Vribskgbfgbt.

Kìbthbm hs i kcoocbay ikkgptgf sphrhtuiaprikthsg. H ittgbfgf oiby sgsshcbs ce hbfhvhfuiaibf mrcup kìbthbm. V`g r`ytòhk rhsg ibfacw ce t`g kìbthbm scubfs ibf t`g suffgbshagbkgs ckkurhbm hb hbtgrvias is i sgrgbg geegktcb cbg w`c kìbts ibf iasc cb t`g cbg w`c

`girs ht. Ht oiy ting cbg iwiy erco t`g bcroiakcbskhcusbgss tc i stitg ce tribkg.

Vhlgtib ocbns prikthsg i wiy ce kìbthbmw`grg t`gy kib oibhpuaitg t`ghr vchkg ibfprcfukg fheegrgbt phtk`gs ibf liss. V`hs prikthsghs iasc nbcwb is cvgrtcbg shbmhbm. I act cekcbkgbtrithcb ibf prikthkg hs rgquhrgf tc rgikì agvga ce mccf cvgrtcbg shbmhbm w`hk` `gapstc mihb i ocrg eckusgf stitg ce ohbf. Iasc,t`g fheegrgbt tgopcs ibf t`g liss, prcfukgs ifggpgbhbm geegkt tìt gagvitgs t`g ohbf ercot`g surrcubfhbm bchsgs.

[cubf hs iasc usgf is t`g rgahmhcus tcca. Ecrhbstibkg, acuf, acbm sgsshcbs ce kìbthbm hb t`gVhlgtib ocbisthk trifhthcb kib suffgbay turb

tgxt, g ogocrhzgs t`go hb i pirthkuair r`ytòibf iasc nggphbm hb ohbf t`g hbstruogbts tc lgusgf hb w`hk` sgkthcb ce t`g tgxt. Vùs, oushkiakìbthbm `gaps hb ogocrhzhbm t`g tgxt ibf t`gusg ce hbstruogbts.

[cubfs hb Vhlgts ocbistgrhgs irg ogibt tc sgrvgcbg cr ocrg ce t`g ecaacwhbm rgahmhcus gbfs:hbfhkitg t`g mgbgrithcb ce ogrht, syolcahzg

Vhlgtib Luff`hst kcsocacmy, tc fhsscavg t`gprikththcbgrs sgbsg ce sgae, ibf lg usgf is ibceegrhbm.

Kìbthbm Oibtris : Isi syolcahso ce Luff`hstkcsocacmy ibf is i rgahmhcustcca

Is i syolca ecr Vhlgtib Luff`hst Kcsocacmy,ecr scubf ht hs sihf, Ly shbmhbm kgrtihb oibtris,priygrs, cr rgkhtithcbs, cr ly paiyhbm kgrtihbhbstruogbts tcmgt`gr cr iacbg i ocbn kibgstilahs` i kcbfuht ly w`hk`, tgopcrirhay,t`g ahbg lgtwggb t`g twc rgiaos ^sikrgf ibf



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=4

cbkg. Xcu fc lif t`hbms hb aheg, siyhbm t`hsoibtrirgfukgs t`g kcubt ce t`go ibf fcgsmccf ecr ycu.

Is pgcpag sphb t`gsg rcws ce priygr w`ggas,t`ghr rctithcb prcfukgs i fhsthbkt scubf, w`hk`

k`ibmgs is pgr t`g oitgrhia usgf. Cbg hb t`gvhkhbhty ce ocbistgry ibf `girhbm t`hs scubfkib murg cut t`g scurkg ce t`g scubf. Ispriygr w`ggas irg spub wht` i mccf purpcsg,ht wcbt lg wrcbm tc siy t`it t`g scubf ce t`gsgpriygr w`ggas shmbhgs mgbgrithbm ogrhts.

Ehm


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=9

[cubf tc fhsscavg t`gTrikththcbgr's [gbsg ce [gae

]`gb priyhbm hb oiss, i Luff`hst ocbn kib, itagist tgopcrirhay, fhsscavg hs bcthcbs ce sgae ibflgkcog pirt ce i airmg oushkia, rgahmhcus mrcup.Is g girs hs cwb vchkg mgtthbm ogrmgf hb t`gvchkgs ce oiby, g eckusgs ocrg cb t`g ubhtgf

scubf ce t`g mrcup. Mrcup kìbthbm hb ubhscboings t`g sgae mgt ilscrlgf hbtc t`g kcooubhty.

Hfgi ce fhsscavhbm t`g sgbsg ce sgae hs wgaagxpaihbgf ly Mgceergy @haa hb `hs pipgr Oushkibf [cubf hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso: I Kcaagkthcbce Ehgaf \gkcrfhbms, V`g scubfs girf hb t`gprikthkg ce Luff`hso irg bct shopay bchsg,lut iktuiaay sgrvg i sphrhtuia purpcsg ecrt`g prikththcbgr. Oushk ibf hbstruogbts kibsyolcahzg t`g biturg ce t`g ubhvgrsg is ht hs

ubfgrstccf hb t`g Luff`hst trifhthcb, t`gy kiblg usgf is ib ceegrhbm tc t`g Luffìs cr ct`grfghthgs, ibf kib lg usgf tc haauohbitg cbg ceLuff`hso's kcrg prhbkhpags: t`g hfgi ce bc-sgae.

Iasc, t`grg irg buolgr ce priygr w`ggas, w`hk`wgrg fhsthbkt erco ct`grs, hb t`ghr ùmg shzgsibf t`gy wgrg kcbbgktgf tc lgaas. Cbg euaarctithcb, wcuaf strhng t`g lgaa. V`g scubf celgaa kib lg `gaf is t`g rgprgsgbtithcb ce t`ggeegkt ce t`g priygr w`gga.

Triygrs ibf Hbstruogbts:

Hbfhkithcb ce Mgbgrithcb ceOgrht

Ocbns kib lg sggb ceegrhbm priygrs tc t`gmcfs ibf fghthgs hb t`g ocbistgrhgs. I egwoushkia hbstruogbts ikkcopiby t`ghr rgkhtithcbce oibtris. ]`gb isngf ilcut t`g purpcsgce oushkia hbstruogbts hb t`g priygr, t`g ocstkcoocb ibswgr wis ecr t`g hbvckithcb cemcfs. V`gy kiaa upcb t`g mcfs ecr gap, whs`

euaaaogbts, ecr lagsshbms gtk.

Ht hs lgahgvgf tìt t`g priygrs ibf t`g oushkhb t`g rhtuias pgrecrogf ly t`g ocbns hb t`gocbistgrhgs hbvcng t`g lagsshbms ce whsfcoibf kcopisshcb. Ibf sc t`g scubfs ce t`gsgpriygrs ibf rhtuiahsthk hbstruogbts hbfhkitg ogrht.

Kìbthbm ibf OushkiaHbstruogbts: Is i \htuia Ceegrhbm

Hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso, vg ceegrhbms irg oifg tct`g mcfs, cbg ecr gik` sgbsg. Ecr t`g sgbsg cescubf, oushk kib ting t`g ecro ce ib ceegrhbm,ouk` ahng ceegrhbms ce eccf, ahqucr, cr jubhpgrw`hk` irg sc kcoocb it Vhlgtib Luff`hst

ocbistgrhgs. Hb Vhlgt, iaocst iaa rgkhtithcbsce skrhpturg ibf priygrs kib lg t`cum`t ce isi nhbf ce ceegrhbm. Ht kib lg sihf, Oushk hbkgrgocbhgs is ib ceegrhbm tc pagisg t`g girsce t`g fghty> ht hs ahng hbvhthbm i mugst tc ycur`cog ibf ceegrhbm t`g lgst ycu ìvg.

Ehm


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= lg ht Acrf Uhs`bus rg goibithbm sìbn`,biogf Tibk`jibyi, pcssgsshbm kcbtrca cvgrt`g vg kaissgs ce lghbms cr Irjubs kcbk`Fgvfitti, ahtgriaay ogibhbm Mcf Mhvgb, w`csgtrhuopìbt laist strukn tgrrcr hb gbgoy. Is ilittag `crb t`g kcbk` hs inhb tc t`g ocfgrblumag, is ib golago ce pcwgr, iut`crhty ibfscvgrghmbhty.

Ht hs paiygf hb @hbfu tgopags hb priygrs, is ibiusphkhcus shmb. Hts sikrgf laist hs lgahgvgf tclibhs` gvha sphrhts, ivgrt bituria fhsistgrs ibf

skirg iwiy iroeua krgiturgs. Hts scubf hs iasclgahgvgf tc lg pagishbm tc Bimis, t`g sphrhtsw`c hbugbkg oiby p`gbcogbi, gspgkhiaaywgit`gr. Ht hs usgf tc kiaa Nulgr, t`g mcf cewgiat`.

V`g agmgbf hs, kcbk` wis prgsgbtgf tc Luffì

Kcbk` [`gaa

Vhlgtib: Fubm-Nir[ibsnrht: [ìbn`[cubf tgxturg: Fggp ibf \gscbibtKitgmcry: ]hbf

Ehm


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==

Kcbk` s`gaa hb t`g ocbistgrhgs irg `hmàycrbiogbtgf. V`gy irg fgkcritgf ly mcaf, shavgr,mgos cr stcbgs. Vhp hs siwgf cr sibfgf cee crt`g ocut` hs scogthogs shavgr paitgf.

Kcbk` s`gaa hs cbg ce t`g Ghm`t iusphkhcussyolcas ce t`g Luff`hst trifhthcb, ibf ogibs ceTurg ohbf. V`g w`htg kcbk` hs usuiaay fgphktgfvgrthkiaay, wht` i shan rhllcb t`rgifgf t`rcum` htsacwgr gxtrgohty. Is i ìbf `gaf ittrhlutg, ht hs`gaf hb t`g aget ìbf ce t`g fghthgs syolcahshbmwhsfco.

Ht hs iasc usgf is i shmbia cr i kiaa it scogpaikgs, ahng is i wirbhbm ecr t`g ipprcik`hbmìha stcro. Ht hs usgf ecr fhstrhluthcb ce austriawitgr tc pirtkhpibts hb t`g kgrtihb rhtgs ibfrhtuias. Hts scubf rgohbfs eihtèua ce t`ghr fihayfuthgs. Ht hs usgf lgecrg kgrgocbhgs tc suoocbt`g ocbns hbtc t`g priygr ìaa cr tc shmbia t`glgmhbbhbm ce i tgik`hbm sgsshcb.

Ht hs t`g rst hbstruogbt tìt hs tium`t tc t`g ocbnshb t`g ocbistgrhgs. Ht hs usgf is ib ceegrhbm ecrt`g hbvckithcb ce mcfs, iacbmwht` oiby ct`grhbstruogbts.

Ehm


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=0

Ehm


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=8

Ghm`t iusphkhcus syolcas

V`g ghm`t iusphkhcus syolcasce Luff`hso irg t`g ocst wgaanbcwb mrcup ce Luff`hsttrifhthcb. V`gsg ghm`t syolcasce mccf ecrtubg rgprgsgbt

t`g ceegrhbms prgsgbtgf lyt`g mrgit Ugfhk mcfs tc[`inyioubh Luff`i upcb `hsittihbogbt ce gbahm`tgbogbt.

i. w`htg piriscal. w`htg kcbk` s`gaak. i trgisurg visgf. i vhktcrhcus libbgrg. i mcafgb w`gga

e. i pihr ce mcafgb s`gsm. ib gbfagss nbct`. i actus



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04

tubg hs paiygf, `cwgvgr ht hs bct bgkgssirytìt lct` t`g paiygrs paiy hb ubhscb, sahm`thrrgmuairhthgs irg sihf tc pgreuog t`g ogacfy.Ecr fheegrgbt fghthgs, tubgs ce Myiahbmfheegrs.Iasc ecr fheegrgbt sgkts, fheegrgbt tubgs irgpaiygf.

Myiahbmcetgb bfs hts crhmhbs hb Hbfhi. Ht hsshohair tc t`g Hbfhib oushkia hbstruogbt [`g`bih,

w`hk` hs paiygf cb iusphkhcus ckkishcbs. Itscog paikgs ht hs iasc ogbthcbgf tìt ht ìshts crhmhbs hb K`hbi. Myiogibs K`hbi ibfahbmogibs utg. Aioi Vs`grhbm sihf, H tccqugsthcb scogthogs he Myiahbmhs erco Hbfhi crK`hbi.

Myiahbmìs i virhilag phtk`gf tubhbm ibfhs vgry fhekuat tc oistgr ibf `gbkg i ocbnspgbfs i act ce thog hb pgregkthbm ht. Ht rgquhrgslrgit`hbm hb erco bcsg ibf lrgit`hbm cut ercoocut`, ibf sc khrkuair lrgit`hbm(lrgit`hbmpcwgr) hs rgquhrgf ibf ht bggfs tc lg wgaafgvgacpgf. Ht hs iawiys paiygf hb i pihr tcivchf fhskcbthbuhty w`hag t`g

KairhbgtKairhbgt cr Myi-ahbm, hs prgsgbt hb iaocst iaaLuff`hst kgrgocbhgs, gxkgpt gxcrkhso. Ht mhvgspgikgeua tubgs ibf `gbkg hs usgf ecr pgikgeuafghthgs, is ib ceegrhbm cr ecr t`ghr hbvckithcb. Hths iasc usgf ecr wgakcohbm t`g mrgit rhbpck`gcr aioi.

Kairhbgt

Vhlgtib: Myiahbm@hbfh: [`g`bih[cubf tgxturg: @hm` bctgs ce ogacfyKitgmcry: ]hbf

Ehm


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09

Myiahbmsirg oifg ce wccf, ocstay tgin crlaikn rcsgwccf. Ocut`-phgkg ìs i liolcccr wccfgb ogolribg ibf hs crbiogbtgf wht`mcaf cr shavgr ibf golgfgf wht` stcbgs. V`gcrbiogbtgf ocut` phgkg hs cetgb kcopirgf whtì cbgy-kcol kiaahbm myiahbmsscubf is swggtis cbgy. [gvgria (ocstay = ibf scogthogs 0)ogtia rhbms irg ircubf t`g wccfgb sìet irgprgsgbt> sgvgb cags ecr sgvgb fheegrgbt phtk`gs

ibf cbg `cag ecr t`g tùol cb t`g ct`gr shfg.V`g lgaa sìpgf gbf ce t`g truopgt hs iasc`hmày fgkcritgf wht` mhafgf kcppgr cr kcriacr mgo stcbgs.

[ahm`t fheegrgbkgs irg ecubf hb t`g myiahbmsceNimyusgkt.

Ehm


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0 t`g fruo `gaps

ycu tc bf i wiy. -Lccn: \htuia Hbstruogbts: V`g Vccas cet`g Vrifg

Fruo cr Bmi, hs usgf hb iaa t`g rhtuias crkgrgocbhgs. [cogthogs cbg cr scogthogs oiby

irg paiygf tcmgt`gr. V`g oihb purpcsg ce t`gfruo hs tc suppcrt t`g rgkhtithcb ce priygrs.Bmihs iasc lgahgvgf tc stgify t`g prikththcbgrspsyk`c-p`yshkia gbgrmy ibf sc ht hs usgf ecrogfhtithcb purpcsgs is wgaa. Ib gxpgrhgbkgfocbn kib lgit t`g fruo hb r`ytò wht` `hslrgit`hbm cr t`g lgits ce `hs `girt.

Fheegrgbt nhbfs ce fruos irg hb usimg (phkturgcb t`g bgxt pimg). Lhm fruos irg paiygf cbay hb

spgkhia rhtuias> cbg suk` rhtuia hs, it t`g gbf cegvgry ygir, i fruo rhtuia pgrecrogf tc sulfugt`g gvha sphrhts ce t`g caf ygir.

Iaa nhbf ce fruos irg bct tubgf tc i spgkhkphtk`, t`gy ìvg i rytòhkia eubkthcb ibf irgbct ogacfhcus.

Fruo

Vhlgtib: Bmi[ibsnrht: Fubfùl`[cubf tgxturg: LissKitgmcry: Tgrkusshcb

Ehm


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89

V`g oitgrhia usgf ecr t`g snhb hs ocstay ibhoiasnhb ce fggr, cx cr luaa ecr lhm fruos cr mcit crs`ggp ecr t`g soiaagr fruos. I wccfgb eriogecr suppcrt ibf i wccfgb kurvgf sthkn hs usgfecr lgithbm t`g fruo.

Hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso, fruos bf t`ghr crhmhberco t`g caf rgahmhcb Lcb. Ht hs lgahgvgf tc lgib caf oust-ìvg hbstruogbt ecr iaa sìoibs.

Hb i ocbisthk rhtuia, fruos irgpaiygf ly t`g acwgst ribn ceocbns. Ht hs tium`t tc ycubm ocbns(5 tc = ygirs ce img) hb crfgr tcikkustco t`go tc t`g r`ytòs cet`g rgkhtithcb. V`hs hs lgahgvgf tclg i vgry geegkthvg wiy tc lgkcogeiohahir wht` t`g lishks ce rhtuia, ist`g w`cag ahturmy hs kcopcsgf ispgr t`g lgits.

V`g fruo hs ocstay paiygf tcmgt`grwht` t`g kyolias ibf ìs tcstrhktay ecaacw t`g r`ytò ce t`gkyolias. V`g lgits irg stgify whtìkkgagribfcs kcohbbm hb it t`ggbf ce kgrtihb rytòhk ecrouais.Ikkcrfhbm tc t`g hopcrtibkg cet`g rhtuia, cr ikkcrfhbm tc t`g thogivihailag tc pgrecro ht, t`g bmi hs

lgitgb sacway cr quhknay.

Ehm


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8 t`g tgopcce t`g priygr hs agf ly t`g strhngs ce kyolias.

Vwc kyolias ecro i pihr, rgprgsgbthbm oiagibf egoiag ispgkt, t`g kyolia rgprgsgbthbm

oiag ispgkt hs hb rhm`t ìbf ibf t`g egoiagispgkt hs hb t`g aget. [hr Jhmogg sihf, V`g twckyolias syolcahsg [`hvi ibf [ìnth.

Kyolias irg usgf is t`g sgbscry(scubf) ceegrhbmtc t`g mcfs ibf irg fgphktgf is twc mcafgbkyolias irribmgf syoogtrhkiaay, fripgf shanrhllcb accpgf lgtwggb t`ghr kgbtria ìbfags.

KyoliasVhlgtib: \ho[ibsnrht: Nirtiai[cubf tgxturg: @hm` Thtk`gf kais`hbm

scubfKitgmcry: Tgrkusshcb

Ehm


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87

\carho

V`g \carhocr \caoc, hs usgf ecr t`g hbvckithcbce writèua ispgkt ce Lcf`hsittvi. Ht hs i rcubfkyolia, t`g fcog kcvgrhbm iaocst ìae ce t`gfhiogtgr ce V`gb is t`g twc kyolias strhng, ht kiusgsi airmg sureikg tc rgscbitg.

V`g spikg lgtwggb t`g twc kyolias virhgs

ikkcrfhbm tc fheegrgbt trifhthcbs. ]`gb strhnhbmt`g kyolias, ilcut cbg t`hrf ce t`g ct`gr kyolias`cuf lg vhshlag.

V`g sahm`tay acwgr tubgf kyolia hs gaf wht` t`grhm`t ìbf, syolcahshbm t`g oiag ispgkt, h.g.

Ehm


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85

ogt`cf. V`g ct`gr cbg rgprgsgbts t`g egoiagispgkt h.g. whsfco.

V`g hm` cvgrtcbgs prcfukgf ly t`hs hbstruogbtirg ocst eiskhbithbm. V`g scubf ce t`gsg `hm`phtk`gs kcopagtgay aas t`g issgolag `iaa ibfmhvgs i spgkhia ivcur tc t`hs oushk.

V`g oitgrhia usgf ecr kyolias hs oifg ce ibiaacy, nbcwb is Tibk`f`iitu, kcbshsthbm cemcaf, shavgr, zhbk, kcppgr ibf lrcbzg. Fheegrgbtmrifithcb ce t`gsg ogtias fgtgrohbgs t`g quiahtyce t`g scubf. I hm`gr pgrkgbtimg ce mcaf ibfshavgr socct`gbs t`g scubf.

Ehm


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8=

ViolcurhbgFioiru cr Bikùbmhs hbfhspgbsilag tc pgrecrokgrtihb tibtrhk rhtuias. Ht hs usgf cbay ly t`g gifocbn. V`gy oirn hbtgrvias hb rgkhtithcb, friwt`g ittgbthcb, wht` ct`gr hbstruogbts, ce t`g mcfslghbm hbvcngf ibf hbfukgf i suhtilag stitg ceohbf hb t`g gxcrkhst furhbm t`g rgkhtithcb ce`hs spgaas.

Fioiruhs pihrgf wht` Nibm-ahbmibf Lgaa ecrt`g k`cprikthkgs. V`gy irg iawiys `gaf hb t`grhm`t ogt`cf ìbf.

Vwc typgs ce fioirusirg hb usg, nipiahnifioru, tìt hs oifg cut ce ùoib snuaa ibfwccfgb fioru.

V`g Vibtrhk cr NipiahniFioiru, ib ittrhlutg

ce writèua Luff`hst fghthgs, hs oifg ce t`gkribhuos ce etggb cr shxtggb ygir caf Lriòhblcy ibf mhra, is t`gy irg ce t`g rhm`t shzg ecroinhbm i fioiru. Cetgb t`g aget shfg ce t`gfioiruhs ecubf sahm`tay soiaagr, is ht hs ce t`gpulgskgbt mhra.

Violcurhbg

Vhlgtib: Bikùbm[ibsnrht: Fioiru[cubf tgxturg: \ittahbm scubfKitgmcry: Tgrkusshcb

Ehm


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80

oiag cr ogt`cf ibf ce lct` oiag ibf egoiagfghthgs cr tibtrhk prikththcbgrs. Hts eubkthcb hs tchbvcng iaa ce t`g Luffìs ibf Lcf`hsittvis,hbsphrhbm t`go wht` suprgog jcy. V`g oiagfioiru prckaihos t`g scubf ce mrgit lahss,

ibf ht hs ergqurbtay pihrgf wht` t`g lgaa `gafhb t`g aget egoiag ìbf, w`hk` prckaihos t`gscubf ce gopthbgss.

[nuaa fioiruhs bct i kcoocb hbsruogbt hb usg.Ht is lggb libbgf ly t`g aiw. ]ccfgb fioru

Wsg ce oiag ibf egoiag snuaas syolcahsgs t`gubhcbg ce oiag ibf egoiag gbgrmhgs. \clgrtLggr hb `hs lccn V`g ìbflccn ce VhlgtibLuff`hst [yolcas ìs sihf, ]`gb rittagf,t`g twc eikgs ce t`g fioiru, is kc-jchbgfifcagskgbt oiag ibf egoiag snuaas scubfhbmtcmgt`gr, sgxuiaay syolcahzgs t`g ubhcb ceogt`cf ibf whsfco is rgaithvg ibf ilscautglcf`hk`htti.

[oiaa fioirus, oifg cut ce ocbngy snuaas, hbt`g paikg ce uoib snuaas, irg iasc cltihbilag.

V`g fioiruhs lgahgvgf tc lg hb`grhtgf ercoHbfhi. Hts crhmhb fitgs likn tc t`g giray @irippibkhvhahzithcb, w`grg ht ippgirs is i phktcmriohb t`g ibkhgbt Hbfus viaagy skrhpt. Ikkcrfhbmtc @hbfu oyt`cacmy, fioiruhs t`g rhm`t ìbfittrhlutg ce Acrf [`hvi, w`c vhlribtay scubfst`g fioirutc krgitg t`g oiag r`ytò, w`hk`

ubfgrahgs t`g egoiag ogacfhk strukturg is t`geilrhk ce ubhvgrsg (Viaiibf \imihb [ibsnrht).

@grg hs ib gxkgrpt erco \clgrt Lggrs lccnV`g ìbflccn ce Vhlgtib Luff`hst [yolcas:Fioiruhs iawiys gaf ibf paiygf hb t`g rhm`t,

Ehm


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88

t`g snhbs, w`gb t`gy irg kut, scingf hb witgribf frhgf is t`gy cum`t tc ìvg i shohair phtk`.

[cog fioirusirg tgbshcbgf ly i acbm zhmzimkcrf t`rgifgf lgtwggb t`g fruosnhbs, sc tìt htsphtk` oiy lg rihsgf ly squggzhbm t`g aitt hkg cestrhbms it hts wihst (shohair tc t`g Hbfhib oushkiahbstruogbt Vilai).

V`g twc fruo`gifs ce t`g Bikùbmrgprgsgbtt`g ubhcb ce ippgiribkg ibf gopthbgss, htstwc strhngrs rgprgsgbt t`g ubhcb ce ogt`cf ibfwhsfco ibf hts vg kcacurgf shan tiha rgprgsgbtst`g Ehvg Luffìs.

I fgkcrithvg lrckifg ìbms erco t`g kgbtriawihst ce t`g fioru, w`hk` kib lg ce vg-kcacurgf shan rhllcbs. ]`gb bct hb usg, t`hsacbm tiha hs kchagf ircubf t`g fruos wihst ibft`g fioiruhs stcrgf hb i fruo-sìpgf piffgf

kact` kisg.

hs t`g ocst gstilahs`gf typg ce fioiruhb usg.V`g wccfgb Luff`hst Fioiru, hs eis`hcbgfhb t`g ecro ce twc `caacw `gohsp`grgs, jchbgfit t`ghr fcogf ipgxgs. Hts fhiogtgr hs ircubfecur hbk`gs. Agit`gr cr kact` hs usgf tc kcvgr t`gtwc `gohsp`grgs. [pgkhia kirg hs tingb ecr lct`

Ehm


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944

hopgroibgbkg, w`hk` suoocbs iaa t`g sphrhtstc t`g mrgit egist ce t`g prikththcbgrs cwblcfy, is `ippgbs hb t`g k`crhtg.

Ehm


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949

Ehm


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94 ibf ht wis ecaacwgf lyi virhgty ce pcayt`ghsthk ecros, t`g krgithcb cew`hk` wis prclilay eikhahtitgf ly t`g MrgkhibIrt hbugbkgs t`gb prgviagbt hb Bcrt`grb Hbfhi.Fheegrgbt ecros ce Luffì's hoimg, crhmhbiaayhbtgbfgf tc rgprgsgbt fheegrgbt gpck`s hb hs aheg,wgrg ietgrwirfs hfgiahzgf hbtc virhcus KgagsthiaLuffìs, erco w`co t`g uoib Luffìs wgrg`gaf tc lg fgrhvgf is oitgrhia rggxgs.

]`gb H isngf hb t`g eiohay ilcut t`g hfcasit `cog ibf t`g priygrs ceegrgf, H wis tcaf,nggphbm hoimgs cr hfcas stirtgf is i tcca ecrkcbkgbtrithcb. Aitgr cb, ht ocvgf cb tc i ilhtibf tc ceegrhbm priygrs.

K`chs i eiocus rhtuia hb Vhlgtib Luff`hsotìt fgias wht` tibtrhk prikthkgs, gxcrkhso, ibflirfc. Iaa t`gsg rhtuias fcbt bf iby paikg hbt`g prhohthvg Luff`hso lut irg whfgay ecaacwgfis pgr t`g geegkt ce Lcb-pi, t`g bithvg rgahmhcbce Vhlgt.

Lirfc, tians ilcut i lgttgr aheg ietgr fgitìbf tùs i sgrhgs ce rhtuiahsthk prikthkgs irgecaacwgf tc muhfg t`g scua ce i fgif pgrscb

tc i lgttgr aheg. Luffì fgbhgs t`g gxhstgbkgce scua is ht hs bct sggb ly ibycbg cr prcvgfhb ibywiy. Ht hs lgahgvgf tìt is i lcfy fhgs,t`g scua tings rglhrt` hb ecro ce ibct`gr uoiblcfy. Is ogbthcbgf girahgr, Luffìs hfgice rglhrt` wis gbhthrgay fheegrgbt. @g lgahgvgfhb t`g rgmgbgrithcb ce oittgr ibf bct hb t`grglhrt` ce t`g scua. V`hs lgahge ce Luffì hs hbimrggogbt wht` skhgbkg tìt gbgrmy hs bgvgracst lut kìbmgs ecro.

\ghbkirbithcb ce mrgit aiois bfs i act ceogbthcb hb Vhlgtib Luff`hso, w`hk` hs shohairtc t`g kcbkgpt ce rglhrt` ibf tùs, kcbtrifhktt`g tgik`hbms ce Luffì.

V`grg hs bc fgbhia tìt iaa t`g rhtuias ecaacwgfoust lg ivhbm i kgrtihb rgiscb lg`hbf ht. Lut

t`g qugsthcb hs he t`g rgiscbs irg piriaaga tct`g oihb tgik`hbms ce Luffì3 Oiby ce t`gbcvhkg ocbns H hbtgrvhgwgf, cbay nbgw t`glrcifgr phkturg. ]`gb isngf w`y t`g usg ceoushkia hbstruogbts, t`ghr ibswgrs wgrg, wctc lifg aioi bg lcai ìh ( ht ìs lggb tcafly t`g `hm`gr aioi) cr nggtilc oghb ahnììh (hts lggb wrhttgb hb t`g lccns). [uk` typgce lahbf eiht` hs qugsthcbilag. Is ogbthcbgfgirahgir hb sgkthcb ;.


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940

Iaa t`g ocbistgrhgs H vhshtgf ìf fheegrgbtayfgkcritgf, iaa nhbfs ce stitugs ce Luffì ibft`g ct`gr Lcf`hsittvis ibf t`g mcfs t`gy ecaacw.@hmày crbiogbtgf stitugs ibf it scog paikgsce mcaf wis i kcoocb skgbg. It oiby paikgsùmg ibf tiaa stitugs irg luhat ibf t`gy irgoijcr ittrikthcb ecr tcurhsts. H kcuafbt gap lutt`hbn w`gt`gr t`hs hs wìt iaa t`hs ìs lgkcog,Vcurhst Ittrikthcb. Iasc, t`grg hs i ùmg oirngtce t`gsg stitugs ecr pgcpag w`c ahng tc luy ht.

Iaa t`hs sggos `hmày kcoogrkhiahzgf.

Ikkcrfhbm tc t`g Luffì, gxhstgbkg hs i fybiohkprckgss> is pirt ce w`hk`, iaa sgbthgbt lghbms,hbkaufhbm uoibs, irg kium`t up hb ib hbbhtgkykag ce lhrt`, mrcwt`, fgkiy ibf fgit`. V`hsprckgss hs syolcahkiaay fgphktgf hb Luff`hstirt ly i w`gga - t`g ]`gga ce Aheg.

V`hs w`gga gxpaihbs `cw rglhrt` hbtc bgxt aheg

hs lisgf cb t`g lgìvhcur hb pist ahvgs. Hbt`g kgbtrg ce t`g w`gga, phm, sbing ibf kcknhs sggb, rgprgsgbthbm, mrggf, aust ibf ìtrgfrgspgkthvgay. Cutgr shx sgkthcbs s`cws t`g shxstitgs ce gxhstgbkg. Iaa ahvhbm lghbms irg lcrbhb cbg ce t`g shx stitgs, ogbthcbgf lgacw:

i. Lghbms hb gaa: V`g acwgst ibf wcrstrgiao, wrikngf ly tcrturg ibfkìriktgrhzgf ly immrgsshcb.

l. @ubmry M`csts: V`g rgiao ce ubmrysphrhts> kìriktgrhzgf ly mrgit krivhbmibf gtgrbia stirvithcb.

k. Ibhoias: V`g rgiao ce ibhoias ibfahvgstckn, kìriktgrhzgf ly stuphfhty ibfsgrvhtufg.

f. Isuri: V`g rgiao ce ibmgr,

jgiacusy, ibf kcbstibt wir. V`gisuri irg fgohmcfs, sgoh-lagssgflghbms. V`gy irg pcwgreua, grkgibf quirrgascog> ahng uoibs, t`gyirg pirtay mccf ibf pirtay gvha.

g. @uoibs: V`g ùoib rgiao>lghbms w`c irg lct` mccf ibf gvha.Gbahm`tgbogbt hs wht`hb t`ghr mrisp,

ygt ocst irg lahbfgf ibf kcbsuogfly t`ghr fgshrgs.

e. Fgvi: V`g rgiao ce givgbay lghbmsaagf wht` pagisurg. V`g fgvi cafmcfahng pcwgrs> scog rghmb cvgrkgagsthia nhbmfcos> ocst ahvg hb fgahm`teuaìpphbgss ibf spagbfcr. V`gy ahvg ecrkcubtagss imgs, lut gvgb t`g fgvi

lgacbm tc t`g wcraf ce sueegrhbm, ecrt`ghr pcwgrs lahbf t`go tc t`g wcrafce sueegrhbm ibf aa t`go wht` prhfgibf tùs gvgb t`g fgvimrcw caf ibffhg.

Ilcvg fgskrhpthcb, he tingb syolcahkiaay, oingsscog sgbsg ibf kib lg ikkgptgf. Lut lgahgvhbmtìt lghbms irg lcrb is m`csts cr fgvicrfgohmcfs, lisgf cb t`g pist aheg ikthcbs, hs

scogt`hbm tìt hs wht`cut prcce ibf prcpgrgxpaihbithcb.



109/166

948

Ehm ;.9 ]`gga ce aheg fgphktgfhb Vhlgtib Luff`hst Irt hs s`cwb



110/166

994

gxpaihbgf, Xg sil lijibi utbi zirurh bi`hìh. prirt`bi nirbi zyifi zirurh ih. (paiyhbmiaa t`gsg hbstruogbts hs bct hopcrtibt. Triyhbmhs ocrg hopcrtibt.)

Aclsibm T`. Aìaubmpi hb `hs pipgr VhlgtibOushk: [ikrgf ibf [gkuair ìs ogbthcbgfVrut` kib lg fhskcvgrgf t`rcum` trivgrshbmoiby pit`s> oushk fgbhtgay hs cbg suk` ivgbughb t`g aheg ce Vhlgtib hbhthitgs. Lut ht hs iawiys i

ogibs tc ib gbf, bct ib gbf hb htsgae.

Iaa t`gsg rhtuias, lgahges, ceegrhbms ibf oushkiahbstruogbts kib lg kiaagf ikkgsscrhgs tc t`gp`hacsp`y ce Luff`hso. V`gsg irgbt utocstbgkgsshty lut ib iffhthcb tc `gap hb ik`hgvhbmt`g bia pit`. Luff`hst wiy ce aheg, hs i shopag,paihb ibf rgiscbilag. Ht s`cufbt lg kcbeusgfwht` trifhthcbs cr fheegrgbt wiys ce prikthkg.V`gsg irg just fheegrgbt kcvgrs ce t`g lccn, w`hag

lccn ce mccf ikthcbs ibf purg ohbf rgoihbst`g siog. V`g uathoitg mcia ce Luff`hso hsrgiahzithcb ce gbahm`tgbogbt, w`hk`gvgr t`gwiy hs.

Hb Fìooipifi, Luffì ìs spcngb ilcutkcopisshcb tcwirfs iaa ahvhbm lghbms, tìt iaairg kipilag ce eggahbm sueegrhbms ibf sc iaa lgtrgitgf gquiaay. Hb Mibmtcn, H mct t`g kìbkg tcìvg i fhskusshcb wht` t`g cwbgr ce t`g ctga Hwis stiyhbm hb. @g wis gxpaihbhbm ilcut cwohsfggfs kib ieegkt us hb bgxt lhrt`s ibf tìtwg kib lcrb is ibhoias, w`hk` hs kcbshfgrgfi sphrhtuia sgtlikn. Hb t`g w`gga ce aheg, stitg ceibhoia hs gaf sybcbyo tc t`g stitg ce stuphfhty

ibf sgrvhtufg. Irg wg putthbm ibhoias cb iacwgr agvga3

V`grg hs i strcbm lgahge hb oinhbm ceegrhbmstc Luffì ibf t`g ct`gr mcfs ibf fhgthgs.Eacwgrs, eccf, cha ecr aiops ibf oiby ct`grt`hbms irg ceegrgf is i shmb ce rgspgkt ibf tcpagisg t`go. I ocbn gxpaihbgf, ]`gb imugst kcogs tc ycur `cusg, ycu oing iaa t`girribmgogbts tc oing ho kcoecrtilag. [hohair

wiy, ht hs fcbg tc pagisg t`g mcfs. V`grg hsbtiby ahoht tc t`g t`hbms tìt irg prgsgbtgf. Hb iegw eiocus ocbistgrhgs, t`grg wgrg ubfrgfsce ahtrgs ce cha ceegrgf tc ahm`t t`g aiops. It scogpaikgs, pikngts ce sbikns ahng Nunurg wgrg iascshm`tgf. Hb i egw rhtuias, iakc`ca hs ceegrgf tc t`g

Mcfs. ]`gb isngf, rgiscb mhvgb wis, Vhlgths i kcaf paikg ibf ohan is ib ceegrhbm hs bctpcsshlag. @gbkg, iakc`ca hs ceegrgf.

Taiyhbm oushkia hbstruogbts hs iasc kiaagf ibceegrhbm. Ht hs kcbshfgrgf is i wiy ce wgakcogw`hag hbvcnhbm t`g mcfs. ]`gb isngf `cwt`g usg ce t`gsg hbstruogbts stirtgf, t`g ocstkcoocb ibswgr wis ht ìs lggb mchbm cb ecr

ygirs. ]`gb isngf, w`y fheegrgbt hbstruogbts

ecr fheegrgbt fhgthgs, kcbbgkthcb tc t`g nhbf cescubf t`gy prcfukgf wis oifg. I sgbhcrocbn pchbthbm tc t`g hopcrtibkg ce fheegrgbtoushkia hbstruogbts sihf, siibp lggb lijibgsg h iiygmi, sìbn` yi fruo lijibg sg bi`h,vihsg `h fgvh fgvticb ng ahyg vhl`hbb priniirng yibtri ìhb. nhsh ng ahyg rifubm, nhsh ng ahygnibmahbm (sbing rgspcbfs tc lggb, t`g sbingkìrogr hbstruogbt, ibf bct tc kcbk` s`gaacr fruo. [iog wiy ecr fheegrgbt mcfs ibf

fhgthgs, hbstruogbt hs fheegrgbt). Yugsthcb tìtrihsgf wis, w`c fgkhfgf w`hk` hbstruogbths suhtilag ecr w`hk` mcf3 Oiy lg ht hs t`gtgxturg ce scubfs prcfukgf, lut imihb, wìthe i writèua fhgty hs hbtgrgstgf hb t`g scubf cemyiahbm rit`gr tìb rifubm3 Ib ct`gr ocbn


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\gvhsgf CljgkthvgFgvhkg i ogibs tìt wcuaf hbhthitg i t`cum`tprckgss hb t`g usgr tc nbcw ocrg ilcut Luff`hsoibf hts p`hacscp`y. Ib hbstiaaithcb tìt wcuafusg oushkia hbstruogbts is i ogfhuo tc krgitgiwirgbgss iocbmst pgcpag ilcut t`g kurrgbtLuff`hst prikthkgs ibf paibt i t`cum`t tc kirrycut t`g kcopirhscb lgtwggb prhohthvg Luff`hso

ibf Vhlgtib Luff`hso.

;. [cogt`hbm tc acmhkiaaysgg ibf kcopirg t`g t`hbms ibf eiht`s prgsgbtircubf us> Lut imihb, scogt`hbm tìt hs bctùrthbm t`g eggahbms cr eiht` ce ib hbfhvhfuia.

Vc fgphkt t`hs, i egw gxpacrithcbs wgrg t`cum`tce> tìt wcuaf put t`g eikts hb ercbt ce t`giufhgbkg ibf rgst whaa lg aget tc t`g iufhgbkgtc oing i ogibhbm cut ce ht.

Gxpacrithcb 9 :Hbtgrikthvg wglshtg hbt`g ecro ce kcohk strhpHbhthia gxpacrithcb ecr hbtgrikthvg wglshtg wistc fgshmb i kcohk strhp sgtup hbvcavhbm ikcbvgrsithcb lgtwggb Miutioi Luffì ibf

Muru Tifoisiolìvi fhskusshbm Luff`hso,Muru Tifoisiolìvi mhvhbm Luffì t`gupfitgs shbkg `g fhgf ibf Luffì qugsthcbhbmMuru Tifoisiolìvi ilcut t`g bgw t`hbms ghs gbkcubtgrhbm. Hfgi lg`hbf t`hs gxpacrithcbwis, usgr whaa mgt ib hfgi ilcut t`g kìbmgscr prcmrgss tìt is ippgbgf cvgr t`g ygirs.



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9; V`ghr pcshthvg ibf bgmithvg pchbts

wgrg wghm`gf. Khrkuht skrhlg, i pgb t`it t`itusgs kcbfukthvg shavgr hbn, wis t`g lgst cpthcblut wis bct ivihailag. Ib AF\ khrkuht sggogft`g bgxt lgst cpthcb.

Ehm 6.= Cpthcbs ecrkcopagthbm t`g khrkuht



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Trctctypg 9Ietgr wghm`hbm t`g cpthcbs, t`g rst prctctypgstirtgf wht` i shopag AF\ khrkuht. V`g cutahbgsce t`g hbstruogbts wgrg ttgf wht` i egw AF\s.Is t`g trikhbm wis fcbg ushbm i laikn pihbt,ahm`t wis mgtthbm clstruktgf ibf t`g viaug cfAF\s mivg virhithcb ibf t`us trhmmgrhbm t`gscubf ce t`g hbstruogbt trikgf.

Ifjikgbt murg hs t`g khrkuht fhimrio t`it wisecaacwgf ecr kcbbgkthbm t`g AF\ tc t`g irfuhbc

tc mgt t`g rgifhbms.

Ehm 6.0 Khrkuht fhimrioecr AF\



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Ehm 6.8i [gtup ce kibvis`ivhbm AF\ khrkuht



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Ehm 6.8l Taikgogbt ceAF\



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Trctctypg

Buddhism Through Sounds

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