Bubble Ppt23

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INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

SEMINAR


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INDEX1. INTRODUCTION

2. SONOLUMINESENCE

3. IDEA OF SONOFUSION

4. BASIC REQUIREMENT5. WORKING OF SONOFUSION

6. ACTION IN THE FLASK

7. FUSION REACTION

8. ADVANTAGES9. APPLICATION

10. FUTURE SCOPE


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INTRODUCTION

The power generation is based on principle ofsonofusion.Sonofusion was derived from a related

phenomenon, sonoluminescence.At one day it may become a revolutionary new

energy source.

Sonofusion Research team from various

organizations have joined forces to formedacoustic fusion technology energy consortium(AFTEC) in Jan14,2005 to promote thedevelopment of sonofusion.


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SONOLUMINESCENCE

When a gas bubble in liquid is excited by anultrasonic acoustic waves, it can emit short flashes oflight of extreme temperatures inside the bubble.

These flashes of light, known as sonoluminescence,occur as the bubble implodes.Chemical reactions occurs &yield of photons and ions

formedGas bubbles in liquid convert sound energy into

liquid.It is also called as single bubble sonoluminescenece

involve a single gas bubble trapped inside flask by apressure field.


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THE IDEA OF SONOFUSION

Technically known as acoustic inertial confinementfusion.

it is derived from a related phenomenon

sonoluminesence In sonofusion, the piezoelectric crystal attached to a

liquid-filled flask which send pressure waves throughthe fluid, exciting the motion of tiny gas bubbles.

High temperatures and pressure compress the interiorbubble.

This leading to conditions suitable for thermonuclearfusion.


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BASIC REQUIREMENT FOR SONOFUSION

1. Vacuum pump

2. Liquid Scintillator

3. Neutron source

4. Wave generator5. Chamber liquid

6. Microphone & Speaker

7. Photomultiplier tube

8. Dueterated acetone(C3D6O)9. Piezoelectic crystal


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HOW SONOFUSION WORKS

Action of vacuum pump to remove natural occuring gasbubbles in liquid because they cant withstand hightemparature&presure.

Fill the flask with deuterated acetone because this atoms

can easily undergoes fusion&fluid can withstand hightension without unwanted bubble.

For initiation an oscillating voltage of 20kHz applied tothe ring through wave generator&amplifier, then itcontract&expand, flask send pressure wave(max

1500kpa ,min -1500kpa) through liquid.Fire a pulsed neutron generator when pressure reaches to

lowest point.


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ACTION IN THE FLASK

Stage (1)

The fast moving

neutrons may knock

atoms nuclei&give theirkinetic energy to liquid

molecules flying in the

flask create a bubble

cluster(about 1000

bubbles) in the

deuterated acetone

liquid.


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Stage (2)

By firing neutron

generator in low

pressure i.e, negative

pressure in the liquidmakes the bubbles swell

100000 times in size

(from nano to

millimeter-scale).


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Stage (3)The liquid pressure turns

positive and compresses

the bubble, causing them

to implode with great

violence&creates

spherical shockwaves

within bubbles.


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Stage(4)The implosion creates an

instantaneous pressure of

10 trillion kilopascalsand temperature of more

than 100 million degree

C, making the deuterium

fuse.


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FUSION REACTION

Deuterium-Deuterium fusion has two probableoutputs, helium and a 2.45-MeV neutron or tritiumand a proton.

The energy of 2.45MeV neutron can be harnessed in areactor to create water vapor &drive an electricitygenerator.


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ADVANTAGESIt is self sustaining.

Easily control.

Produce more energy than it consumes.Low cost.

Easily available raw materials.

Environmental friendly.


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APPLICATIONSCompact detectors for security applications.

To analyze molecular structure of materials.

Machines that cheaply manufacture new synthetic

materials & efficiently produce tritium, which is used formedical imaging to watch dials.

1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be

equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.


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FUTURE SCOPE

The technology might one day, in theory, lead to a

new source of energy. It may result in a new class of

low cost energy.

To Create a full-size electricity producing nuclear

generator.


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CONCLUSION For more than half a century, thermonuclear fusion has

held out the promise of cheap, clean and virtually limitless

energy.

1 gram of deuterium,an isotope of hydrogen,would be

equal to produced by burning 7000liters of gasoline.

Deuterium abundent in ocean water ,1 cubic kilometer of

seawater could supply all the worlds needs for severalhundred years.


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REFERENCE

www.purdue.edu

www.iter.org

www.washington.edu

Fuels& combustion-samir sarkarPrinciples of inorganic chemistry-puri,sharma,kalia.


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THANK YOU

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