BTEC 1st Dip Sport Anatomy and Fitness

Training

The human joints

Carlos Munoz

Session aims• To know the 3 classifications of joints

(P1)

• To know the 6 different synovial joints (P1)

• To know the different movement terms and definitions and how they relate to activity (P2, M1, D1)

Questions to discuss in partner voices!

Q: What do you think a joint is?A: A joint is where two bones meet. It can be movable or fixed.

Q: Why do you think we have joints?

A: If we did not have joints we would find simple tasks like eating very difficult. Any movement needing bending would be impossible!!!!

Where in our body do we find movable joints?

Did you locate the joints in our body correctly?

The Classification of joints

1) Fixed/immoveable joints

• No movement occurs at the joint

2) Slightly moveable joints

• Allow a little bit of movement and are linked by cartilage

3) Freely moveable/synovial joints

• There are 6 types of synovial joints and they allow different degrees of movements

The 6 synovial joints

Synovial joints

Hinge Hinge joint

Gliding

Saddle

Condyloid Pivot

Ball & Socket

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXoMa2bVC18

The Hinge Joint• It is like the hinge of a door• It allows movements to occur back and forth

(i.e. Flexion and extension) • Includes the elbows, knees, fingers, toes)

• The joints contain a ball and a socket

• Found at the hips and shoulders

• Provides movement in nearly all directions

Ball and socket joint

• The joints between the vertebrae

• When one bone slides over another

Gliding joint

Condyloid joint

• It allows straightening, bending, side to side movements

• It is found at the wrist

Saddle joint

• It allows movement backwards, forwards, side to side

Pivot joint

• It acts like pivot and allows rotational movements

• Found at the neck

What did we learn today?

What are the names of the different types of joints?

Where can they be found?

What do joints enable us to do?

Types of movement• Flexion

– Bending the joint, this can occur at the knee when kicking a ball

• Extension – This means the straightening of the

joint, this can occur at the elbow when you shoot in netball

• Adduction • This means movement

towards the body and occurs at the shoulder when a person does the pulling action in the breast stroke

• Abduction• This means

movement away from the body, and occurs at the hip during a start jump

• Circumduction • This means that the limb moves in a

circular movement towards the middle of the body. It can occur at the hip when performing a golf swing

• Rotation – This means that the limb

moves in a circular movement towards the middle of the body and occurs at the hip when performing the drive in golf