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BUILDING SCIENCE 2 ARC3413

PROJECT 2 INTEGRATION PROJECT COMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: Ken Wong Chun Thim ID: 0315534

TUTOR: MR AZIM SULAIMAN

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE A)

1.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS 3 1.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL 7 1.3 PSALI 11

2.0 LIGHTING CALCULATION (SPACE B)

2.1 DAYLIGHT ANALYSIS 12 2.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING PROPOSAL 16 2.3 PSALI 20

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SPACE A

DAYLIGHTING

According to MS1525, Daylight Factor distribution is as below.

Daylight Factor (%) Distribution

> 6 Very bright with thermal and glare problem

3 - 6 Bright

1 - 3 Average

0 - 1 Dark

The table shown below describe the nearest example to the idea of illuminance range.

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux Bright sunlight

20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1,000 – 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday

400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination

<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

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Floor plans & section

Semi open air reading area with discussion tables on first floor level. Illuminance for this space is needed for reading and discussion activities to take place. The skylights provide reflected daylight into the space while the west façade is shaded by the brick façade system.

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Floor Area (m2) 64.7

Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2) 4(1.4x2) + 6(0.9x2) = 22

Required Illuminance, Lux from Daylight Factor (3% - 6%)

3.0% of daylight factor

𝟑𝟑% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 600 Lux

6% of daylight factor

𝟔𝟔% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 1200 Lux

Illuminance from the space , Lux 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔.𝟕𝟕 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐% = 𝟑𝟑𝟔𝟔%

34% x 0.1 = 3.4%

𝟑𝟑.𝟔𝟔% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

Ei = 680 Lux

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Based on the table for daylight factor in MS1525, the space has adequate uniform daylighting with the average value of 3.4 with illuminance of 680 lux.

Annual daylight factor analysis

Considering this is semi open air space for reading and discussion, the three tables located at the facade have slightly reduced light which provides a better environment for reading. The variety of light in this space allows both reading and discussions to take place in brightly lit areas.

1.5% of daylight factor

𝟏𝟏.𝟓𝟓% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 300 Lux

The illuminance for the reading area is 300 Lux which corresponds to the standard of IES and MS1525 for reading activity.

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SPACE A

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

Surface Reflectance Table

Function Material Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value

Ceiling Concrete finish Grey Absorptive 0.3

Wall Concrete with paint finishing

White Reflective 0.33

Window Glass Transparent Reflective 0.06

Type of luminaire used as showed below:

Type of fixture Mount fixing

Type of light bulb

LED

Wattage Range (W) 20 W

Colour rendering Index (CRI)

82

Colour Temperature (K) 2700 K

Colour Designation Warm White

Lumens 3000 lm

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Location Space A

Dimension of room (m) Length (L) = 10.4m

Width (W) = 6.2m

Height (H) = 6.1m

Total Floor Area, A (m²) 64.7 m²

Type of Lighting Fixture Ceiling mounted

Height of luminaries (m) 3.5

Height of work level (m) 0.8

Mounting height (m) 2.7

Reflection factors Ceiling: 0.3

Wall: 0.3

Room Index, RI (K)

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐿𝐿 𝑥𝑥 𝑊𝑊

(𝐿𝐿 + 𝑊𝑊) 𝑥𝑥 𝐻𝐻

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 10.4 𝑥𝑥 6.2

(10.4 + 6.2) 𝑥𝑥 6.1

= 0.64

Utilization factor, UF 0.3

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8

Number of light required

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐸𝐸 𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴

( 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑈𝑈𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹)

MS1525 recommended reading area to have illumination level – 400 Lux

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐸𝐸 𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴

( 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑈𝑈𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹)

= 400 𝑥𝑥 64.7(3000 𝑥𝑥 0.3 𝑥𝑥 0.8)

= 35.9

= 36 lamps

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Spacing to Height ratio (SHR)

𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑅𝑅 = 1𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑥𝑥 √

𝐴𝐴𝑁𝑁

𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑅𝑅 = 1

2.7 𝑥𝑥 √64.736

= 0.50

𝑆𝑆

2.7 = 0.50

S = 1.35

Fittings Layout Fittings Required = 10.41.35

= 7.7 = 8 Rows

Number of lamps in each row = 36 8

= 4.5 lamps = 5 lamps

Spacing along wall = 6.2 8

= 0.775 m

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Mounted lights in green are of 5 lamps in 8 rows and extra lights in blue are added to cover the trapezoidal shape of the space. By using this fitting layout, the required illuminance of

400 lux can be achieved for optimal reading and discussion activities.

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SPACE A

PSALI

By comparing the lighting contour analysis and fitting layout, the 40 (+8) luminaries can be controlled with three switches. The blue switches can be used when daylight is not available (early morning and night). The red switches will be switched on at around 3.00pm as there will be not enough daylight at that area. The green switches will only be switched on in the evening as daylight is available throughout the afternoon.

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SPACE B

DAYLIGHTING

According to MS1525, Daylight Factor distribution is as below.

Daylight Factor (%) Distribution

> 6 Very bright with thermal and glare problem

3 - 6 Bright

1 - 3 Average

0 - 1 Dark

The table shown below describe the nearest example to the idea of illuminance range.

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux Bright sunlight

20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1,000 – 2,000 lux Typical overcast day, midday

400 lux Sunrise or sunset on a clear day (ambient illumination

<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/sunrise

<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, sunset/sunrise

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Floor plans & section

The space chosen is an outdoor reading and discussion area on the first floor and mezzanine level between first and second floor. There are two skylight openings from the sawtooth roof above. With a ceiling height of 6 metres.

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Floor Area (m2) 56.0

Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2) 9.2 x 2 = 18.4

Required Illuminance, Lux from Daylight Factor (3% - 6%)

3.0% of daylight factor

𝟑𝟑% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 600 Lux

6% of daylight factor

𝟔𝟔% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 1200 Lux

Illuminance from the space , Lux 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏.𝟔𝟔𝟓𝟓𝟔𝟔 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐% = 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐.𝟗𝟗%

32.9% x 0.1 = 3.29%

𝟑𝟑.𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟗% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

Ei = 658 Lux

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Based on the table for daylight factor in MS1525, the space has adequate uniform daylighting with the average value of 3.29 with illuminance of 658 lux.

Annual daylight factor analysis

This outdoor space is geared towards discussion areas, the two tables are located near the east facing façade of brick façade system. Although light is filtered from the façade, the skylight above provides ample sunlight for the discussion area to create a space with moderate temperature for the occupants while having ample light for activity. The inner reading area is located 500mm below the discussion area, therefore creates a space with comfortable lighting for reading. Based on the diagram above, the green area ranges from 2.5 – 4.0 daylight factor. The illuminance for the inner reading area is 600 Lux which very close to the standard of IES and MS1525 for reading activity of 500 Lux.

3.0% of daylight factor

𝟑𝟑.𝟐𝟐% = 𝑬𝑬𝑬𝑬

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐%

Ei = 600 Lux

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SPACE B

ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

Surface Reflectance Table

Function Material Colour Surface Type Reflectance Value

Ceiling Concrete finish Grey Absorptive 0.3

Wall Concrete with paint finishing

White Reflective 0.33

Window Glass Transparent Reflective 0.06

Type of luminaire used as showed below:

Type of fixture Mount fixing

Type of light bulb

Fluorescent tube

Wattage Range (W) 36 W

Colour rendering Index (CRI)

82

Colour Temperature (K) 6500 K

Colour Designation Cool White

Lumens 2500 lm

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Location Space B

Dimension of room (m) Length (L) = 14m

Width (W) = 4m

Height (H) = 6.1m

Total Floor Area, A (m²) 56.0 m²

Type of Lighting Fixture Ceiling mounted

Height of luminaries (m) 3.5

Height of work level (m) 0.8

Mounting height (m) 2.7

Reflection factors Ceiling: 0.3

Wall: 0.3

Room Index, RI (K)

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐿𝐿 𝑥𝑥 𝑊𝑊

(𝐿𝐿 + 𝑊𝑊) 𝑥𝑥 𝐻𝐻

𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 14 𝑥𝑥 4

(14 + 4) 𝑥𝑥 6.1

= 0.51

Utilization factor, UF 0.3

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8

Number of light required

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐸𝐸 𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴

( 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑈𝑈𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹)

MS1525 recommended reading area to have illumination level – 300 Lux

𝑁𝑁 = 𝐸𝐸 𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴

( 𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑈𝑈𝐹𝐹 𝑥𝑥 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹)

= 300 𝑥𝑥 56(2500 𝑥𝑥 0.3 𝑥𝑥 0.8)

= 28 lamps

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Spacing to Height ratio (SHR)

𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑅𝑅 = 1𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 𝑥𝑥 √

𝐴𝐴𝑁𝑁

𝑆𝑆𝐻𝐻𝑅𝑅 = 1

2.7 𝑥𝑥 √5628

= 0.52

𝑆𝑆

2.7 = 0.52

S = 1.41

Fittings Layout Fittings Required = 14

1.41 = 9.9 = 10 Rows

Number of lamps in each row = 10 4

= 2.5 lamps = 3 lamps

Spacing along wall = 4

10 = 0.4 m

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FITTING LAYOUT

Since the space is L shaped, the calculation is made from a rectangle (14m x 4m) then the bottom portion of that rectangle is rotated to form the L shape. Therefore, it is possible to achieve uniform distribution of light in this space.

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SPACE B

PSALI

ILLUMINANCE ANALYSIS AT 5:30PM

By 5:30PM, the areas of the space drop below 150 Lux which is inadequate for reading and discussion activities.

By comparing the lighting contour analysis and fitting layout, the 30 luminaries can be controlled with two switches. One for the inner reading area and another for the discussion area. The blue switches can be used when daylight is not available (from 5:30 PM) and red switches at 4:30.