Brushless Generators Series

8/4/2019 Brushless Generators Series

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Self-regulatingbrushless generators series DSG

product profile


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2

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

8 .

2 .

1 .

Con ten t s :

A p p l ic a t i o n

R a t i n g s

D e f i n it i o n o f t h e a l t e r n a t o r

3 .1 B asictechnica l da ta

3 .2 Enclosure

3 .3 Type ofcoo ling

3 .4 Design

M ech a n ica l d e s i g n

4 .1 Design

4 .2 Housing and sta tor

4 .3 Rotor

4 .4 End shields

4 .5 Bearings

4 .6 Termina l box

P o w e r r e d uci n g i n f l u e nces5 .1 Standa rd conditions

5 .2 Rela tion be twe en power and coo lant

tempera ture

5 .3 Rela tion be twe en power and insta ll a tion

a ltitude

5 .4 Rela tion be twe en power and powerfactor

cos phi

5 .5 Marine classifica tion

5 .6 H ighertype s of enclosure

5 .6 .1 Enclosure IP 43

5 .6 .2 Enclosure IPR 44 orIPR 54

5 .6 .3 Enclosure IP 44 orIP 54

El ect ri ca l p e r f or m a nce

6 .1 Opera ting p rinciple

6.

1.

1 Alt

ern

at

or

6 .1 .2 Vo ltag e regula tor

6 .2 Self-excita tion, de -excita tion

6 .2 .1 Self-excita tion

6 .2 .2 De -excita tion

6 .3 Vo ltage and frequency

6 .3 .1 Vo ltag e setting range

6 .3 .2 Sta ticvoltag e response

6 .3 .3 Transientvoltag e response

6 .3 .4 Vo ltage waveform

6 .4 Currents

6 .4 .1 Unba lanced loa ds

6 .4 .2 Overloa d

6 .4 .3 Short-circuit behaviour

6 .5 N on-linea rloa d

6 .6 Emergency opera tion

6 .6 .1 Emergency manua lcontrol6 .6 .2 Stand-by regula tor

P a r a l l e l o p e r a t i o n

7 .1 Genera l

7 .2 Para llelswitching conditions

7 .3 Start-up synchronisa tion a tisola ted

pa ra llel ope ra tion

7 .4 Steady-sta te opera tion/load distribution

7 .4 .1 Vo ltage droop

7 .4 .2 Pow erfactorregula tion

7 .5 Ma ins pa ra llel ope ra tion

7 .6 O scill a tions

7 .7 N eutra lcurrent

P l a n n i n g g u i d e l i n e s

8 .1 N omina lcap acity

8.

2 Dyn

amic

vo

ltag e

va

ria

t

ion

8 .3 N on-linea rloa d

F acto ry tes t ing

9 .1 Standa rd tests

9 .2 Specia ltests

9 .


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Av K SE G co m p e t e n ce

in e lectr ici t y gene ra t ion

a n d p r o tect i v e r e l a y i n g

Whenitcomesto electricity

generation and p rotective

relaying, AvK|SEG is yourcom-pe tent and reliab le p artner. We

offerthe quality and flexibility

of a med ium-sized,indepen

-

dent group o fcompanies with

a good mixture o f experience

and innovation. O perating

globa lly, we are ab le to o ffer

youcustom-built engineering

solutions as we ll as an exten-

sive range of products.

Our produc trange extends

3

fromindividua l protection

devicesto complete electrica l

fit-outsfor power plants. AvK

G ermany, withitsfactory in

Ingo lstad t and the site in

Dreieichnea rFrankfurt,sup-

pliessynchronousmachines

and converters, while SEG

Kempenspecia lisesin plant

engineering and devicesfor

protection and o therfunctions.

Together we setstandards

and so influence electricity

generationtechnology on an

interna tionalsca le. We offer

every p erformance level,re-

gardless whether yourequire

anindividual device, an

alternator or a turnkey system.

Our eff icientcustomerservice

and advice centresthrough-

outthe world work energe tica lly

to mee t yourneeds, as we

rely not only oncontinuity

and qua lity in ourtechnology

solutions, but we a lso con-

side r yoursa tisfaction as

equa lly important.

The certificationto DI N EN

ISO 9001 that AvK and SEG

factorieshave unde rpins our

high qua lity aspira tions.


4/24

The AvK a lternators ofseries

type DSG are the result of

an advanced development

processin which eff icient

manufacturing methods as

we ll asmany years experience

inthe applica tions ofsuch

synchronous a lterna tors we re

utilised .

This app liesto the mechanica l

design, electrica lcharacteris-

tics and control enginee ring

properties.

The DSG series was devel-

oped with particularreg ard

to optima l operating efficiency,

and to very favourab le dy-

namicresponse inthe event

ofload surges.Furthermore,

forthe magneticcircuit

design, dampe rcage layout

and w inding design,specia l

emphasis wasla id onminimal

reaction as a result ofcurrent

harmonics onthe voltag e

waveform.

The fo l lo w ing l i s ts just

s o m e o f th e a r e a s

w h e r e A v K s y nchronous

a l t e r n a t o r s f r o m t h e

D SG s e ri e s 2 9 - 1 4 4 a r e

u s e d i n t h e e n e r g y

secto r :

pe rmanent power

supp ly o fsta tionary

and maritime systems

pe akload operationin

para llel withthe ma ins

emergency powersup-

ply forcritica lusers,

e.g.in power plants,

industria l plants,hospita ls,

high-rise buildings

on-bo ard powersupp ly

forships

shipsh

aft

gen

era

t

ors,

reversing machines

diesel-electric drive for

ships

specia l powersupp lies

forusers who place high

demands onsupp ly-line

qua lity

frequency conversion,

e.g. 50:60 Hz or

60:50 Hz

Suitab

leforu

se i

na

llkinds

of drives: diesel engines,

gas engines, ga s, wa ter and

stea mturbines as we ll asship

shaft generators.

4

A p p l ic a t i o n

1 .

Se lf -r e gu l a t i ng b r ush l ess

s y nch r o n o u s a lt e r n a t o r s o f t h e s e r ie s t y p e D S G

A p p l ic a t i o n e x a m p l e s

Deutsche

r

Akkrediti

erungs

Rat

TGA-ZQ-

004/92-0

0

CERTIF

ICATE

DETNORSK

EVERITAS

ZERTIFIZ

IERUNG U

NDUMWEL

TGUTAC

HTERGM

BH

certifiesth

atthecomp

any

AvKDeuts

chlandGm

bH&Co.K

G

in

D85051

Ingolstadt

hasestablis

heda

qualitysys

tem

inconformi

tywith

DINENISO

9001,8.94

ThisCertif

icateisval

idfor:

Design,ma

nufacturin

gandcomm

issioningof

synchronou

sgenerato

rsupto30

MVA,

asynchron

motorsan

dfrequency

converter

s

ThisCertif

icateisval

iduntil:

2001-01-3

1

Certificate

-Registrati

on-No.:

ESN06940A

Q98

Essen,1998

-01-09

Essen,1998

-01-09

M.Frhlich

K.Nordhau

se

Manager

Lead-Audit

or

ThisCerti

ficateison

lyvalidin

connection

withtheor

iginalCertif

icateESN0

6940AQ98

.

Stand01/98

D /&74924

Emergency powersupp ly

On-board supp ly


5/24

5

R a t i n g s

2 .

O ffshore e quipment

Standard use ranges as pe r

VDE 053 0 , degree of pro-

tectionIP 23 ,ra ted criteria

according to Section 3 .1

30 4 ,000 kVA,

4 0 0 / 2 3 1 V, 50 Hz ,

1 ,500 rpm

or

33 4 ,500 kVA,

4 5 0 / 2 6 0 V, 60 Hz ,

1 ,800 rpm

Furthermore, DSG alternators

are ava ilab le for a llstandard

voltagesto VDE 053 0 in

the pe rformance range given

and a lso asspecia lversions

forspecificvoltag es.In ad di-

tion,the follow ing rota tiona l

speeds are ava ilab le, de -

pending on power and size :

at 50 Hz 1 ,000 , 750 ,

600 and 500 rpm

at 60 Hz 1 ,200 , 900 ,

720 and 600 rpm

H igherra tingsup to

approx. 6 .5 MVA with

6 6 0 V or 690 V are possibleonrequest.

Co mbined hea t and powersta tion


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Designe d i n acco r d a nce

w i t h DI N - E N 6 0 0 3 4 ,

VDE 05 30 , IEC 34

3 . 2

Encl o su re

IEC 34-5

DIN VDE 053 0-5

IP 23 provided asstandard.

Depending onsize ,higher

types of enclosure e.g.

IP 43,IPR 44,IPR 54,

IP 44 and IP54 can be

provided asrequired ,see

Section 5 .6.

3 . 3

Ty p e o f coo l ing

IEC 34-6 ,

DI N VDE 053 0 -6

Provided asstandard:

IC 0 1 / IC0A1 .

Inthe event ofspecia l pro-

tectionrequirements,

the type ofcoo ling will be

adapted accordingly.

6

Def in i t ion o f the a l t e rna to r

3 .

3 . 1

Ba s ic t ech nic a l d a t a

Ra ted power: According to rated outputva lues

Ra ted powerfactor: cos phi = 0 .8

Ra ted voltage: 2301000 V

Ra ted frequency: 50 Hz or 60 Hz ,Spec ia lfrequenc ies onrequest

Coo lanttempe ra ture: 40C (VDE)

Insta lla tion a ltitude : 1 ,000 m above sea level(VDE)

Degree of protection: see 3 .2

Type ofcoo ling: see 3 .3

Design: see 3 .4

To ensure the a lterna tors

mee tthe desired requirements,

conditions and specifications,

devia tionsfromthis data and

VDE 053 0 are possible on

request.The a lternatorscan

be produced to a llinterna-

tiona lstandardssuch as BS

4999 , C IE 2 / 3 , NEN

3173 , NEMA , etc. ,see

Section 5 .5 .


7/24

7

B 3

IMB 3

IM 1001

B 3/B 5

IMB 35

IM 2001

B 2 0

IMB 20

IM 1101

B 14/B 20

IMB 24

IM 2101

B 5/B 20

IMB 25

IM 2 0 0 1 / IM 1101

B 1 6

IMB 16

IM 1305

B 2

IMB 2

IM 1205

V 1

IMV 1

IM 3011

3 . 4

Des ign

IEC 34-7

DI N VDE 053 0-7

Sizes DSG 29 to DSG 74

are produced asstandard

inthe designsIMB 3 4,

IMB 2 4 and B2 /B5 orB 5 / B 16 .

Sizes DSG 86 to DSG 144

are ava ilab le asstandard

in designsIMB 3 ,IMB 20

and IMB 1 6.

O ther designs are possible.

Onrequest, we w ill pe rform

specia lfee t dimensions

in orde rto mee tthe require-

ments ofthe gen-set base

frame.

Design B3 B3 / B14 B3 / B5 B20 B14 / B20 B 5 / B20 B2 B16 B2 / B5 B5 / B16 V1 Specia l design

Code I IMB IMB IMB IMB IMB IMB IMB IMB _ _ IMV1DIN IEC 34 7 3 34 35 20 24 25 2 16

Code II IM IM IM IM IM IM IM IM _ _ IMDIN IEC 34 7 1001 2101 2001 1101 2101 2 0 0 1 /1 1 0 1 1205 1305 3011

DS G29 52

DS G62 74

DS G86 114

DS G12 5 144


8/24

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

M ech a n ic a l des ign

4 .

Shaft

Antifriction be aring, drive end

Inner be aring cap

End shield, drive end

Fan

Statorhousing

1

4

5

6

7

8

Cover

Rectifiersuppo rt

Terminal box

Terminalstuds

Shaft

Outer be aring cap

G rea se regulation disc

Antifriction be aring, drive end

Inner be aring cap


1

2

3

4

5

6

Fan

Statorhousing

Ma in alternatorstator

Ma in alternatorrotor

Exciterstator

Exciterrotor

End shield,non-drive end

Antifriction bearing,non-drive end

Cover

Rectifiersuppo rt

Terminal box

Low voltag e termina ls



Exciterstator

Exciterrotor


9

1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

7

D S G 2 9 4 3

D S G 5 2

9 9

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 8

8

Antifriction be aring,non-drive end


9/24

13

14

1 5

16

17

18

Shaft

Laby rinthsea l

Sleeve bearing, drive end

Sleeve bearing shell

O ilring

Ma chine sea ling

1

2

3

4

5

6


Fan

Statorhousing



Exciterstator

Exciterrotor


Sleeve bearing,non-drive end

Rectifiercover

Rectifiersuppo rt

Terminal box

Low voltag e terminals

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

7

19

D S G 1 1 4

1 4 4 w i t h s l e e v e b e a r i n g s

Shaft

Outer be aring cap

G rea se regulation disc

Antifriction be aring , drive end

Inner be aring cap


1

2

3

4

5

6


Antifriction bearing,non-drive end

Rectifiercover

Rectifiersuppo rt

Terminal box

Low voltag e termina ls

Fan

Statorhousing



Excitersta tor

Exciterrotor

7

8

9

1 0

1 1

1 2

D S G 1 1 4 1 4 4 w i t h a n t i fr ict i o n b e a r i n g s

13

14

1 5

16

17

18

9


10/24

10

4 . 1

Des ign

The a lterna torsconsist ofthe

ma in a lterna tor asrevolving-

field machine,the exciter

machine asrevolving ar-

mature machine, and the

electronicvoltage regula tor.The components are con-

struc ted as a compactunit.

The voltag e regulatoris

provided built-in asstanda rd

inthe ma intermina l box

(DSG 29 52),inthe non-

drive end shield (DSG 62

99) orin a separate terminal

box (DSG 114 144), or

may be provided sep ara tely

uponrequestfor enclosed

mounting into a switch-

bo ard.

Coo ling:

At a llmachines,the coo ling

a iris drawnin onthe non-

drive end, and blown out on

the drive end by means of

the sha ft-mounted fan.

Overspeed:

In accordance with VDE

0530 ,the a lternators are

designed to w ithstand aoverspeed of 1 .2 timesthe

rated speed for 2 minutes.

Forhigherrunaway speeds,

e.g.inthe case of wa ter

turbines(1 .8 x nN [ra ted

speed]),the required design

mod ifica tions will be made.

C ircuit engineering pre-

cautionsfor protection ofthe

systemhave to be arranged

where required .

4 . 2

H o u s i n g a n d st a t o r

The sta torlamina ted core

consists oflayers oflow loss

dynamo shee tmeta l,he ld by

clamping rings orclamp ing

pla tes.The sta tor as a whole

forms a compact,stable unitconsisting ofsta torlamina ted

core and housing cover.The

housing isconstructed as

an octagona lstee lstructure

forthe sma llerunits DSG 29

52 , and inthe case ofthe

b igg ermachines, as a round

welde d construction.The fee t

ofthe DSG 2 9 99 mod els

are welde d to the housing ,

while inthe case ofthe large r

machinesinthe DSG 1 1 4 144 series,they are integrated

into the end shie lds.

The stator winding corresponds

to tempe ra ture classifica tion

H as pe r DIN EN 60034-1

or VDE 0530 -1 .

Fastening components and

mechanica lly stab le con-

nectionssecure w inding

overhangs and connectors

ag a instthe dynamicstress

generated by electrodynamic

force.

4 . 3

Ro to r

The ma inrotor designed as

sa lient po le executioncon-

sists ofhydraulica lly com-

pacted shee tmeta l orstee l

plates.The standard built-in

dampe rcage isconnected

electrica lly inthe po le shoes

and be tweenthe po les.The

w inding ofthe ma inrotoris

made offla tcopper and is

amply p rotected by suitab ly

sized components ag a instde formationcaused by

centrifuga lforce.The uni-

directiona lfanisloca ted at

the drive end ofthe rotor.

The exciterrotorconsists of

dynamo shee tmeta l, w ith

the three -phase w inding

inserted into itsslots.The

rota ting diodesin 6 pulse

bridge connection are

c

onn

ect

ed on

th

ein

put

si

deto the 3-phase winding of

the exciter and onthe out-

putside to the field w inding

ofthe ma inmachine.They

are amply d imensioned in

terms ofvoltage and current

loads and a lso provided

w ith a suppressorcircuit.

The rotor windingscomply

withtempe ra ture classH

of DI N EN 60034 -1 VDE

0530 -1 .The sha ft ends are

cylindrica lintypesIMB 3

orIMB 20 , withslot and key

as pe r DI N 6885 Shee t 1 .

The rotoris ba lanced w ith

ha lfkey in accordance w ith

VDE 0530 / IEC 34-14 as

standard.

At alternators withshaftflange ,

e.g . designIM 1205 (B2 )

orIM 1305 (B1 6 ) or a t

machines w ithflexible stee l

d iscs,flange d sha fts orstee l

d iscs w ill be adapted to the

respe ctive drive motor. O ther

sha ft designs or a second

shaft end can be manufactured

onrequest.


11/24


12/24

12

5 . 3

R e l a ti o n b e t w e e n

p o w e r a n d

ins ta l l a t ion a l t i tude :

Characteristiccurve 5 .3

As bo th a ir density and

therefore hea t absorptivity

decrea se a thigher a ltitudes,eitherthe pe rformance must

be decrea sed or a large r

generatormust be chosen.

5 . 1

S t a n d a r d cond i t ions

The unitra tings given are

va lid unde r VDE conditions,

tha tis:

Coo lanttempe ra ture

40C ,

Insta lla tion a ltitudeH 1000 m above sea

level, alternators ofstanda rd

enclosure IP 23 and coo ling

type IC 01 .

5 . 2


p o w e r a n d co o l a n t

t e m p e r a t u r e :


The tempe ra ture limit ofthe

w inding iscritica l. A de -

crea se inthe coo lanttempe ra-

ture (coo lanttempe rature

< 40C )leadsto anincrease

in pe rformance, while a

tempe rature increase (coo lant

tempe ra ture > 4 0C )lea ds

to a decrea se in performance.

The characteristicva lues

ofthe particular a lternator

selected ,for exa mple re-

actances, are generally valid

forthe g ivenrated power(SN).

P o w e r r e d uci n g i n f l u e nces

5 .

[C]

Rela tion between power and coo lan ttemperature Characteristic curve 5 .2 Relation between power and insta ll ation a ltitude Characteristic curve 5 .3


13/24

5 . 5

M a r i n e classif icat ions

Asthe coo lanttempe ratures

(CT) are higher and the permis-

sible risesintempe rature are

low erthanthe specifica tions

forland-based applica tions,

the performance rating should

be low ered , or a large r gen-

eratortype chosen.

The table opposite show s pe r-

missible risesintempe ra ture;

design and use according to

tempe ra ture classH orF.

Forhighertypes of enclosure

thanIP 2 3 and otherrequire-

ments, please send us a de -

ta iled inquiry.

Temperature class Coo ling a ir Temperature Derating

C lassific ation temperature rise factor S N/ STYPCT for series DS G

C K 2974 8699 114144

H VDE 40 125 1 1 1

GL 45 120 0 .96 0 .96 0 .96

RIN A 50 115 0 .93 0 .93 0 .93

LR 45 110 0 .90 0 .90 0 .90

N KK 45 110 0 .90 0 .90 0 .90

D N V 45 115 0 .93 0 .93 0 .93

BV 50 110 0 .90 0 .90 0 .90

ABS 50 115 0 .93 0 .93 0 .93

MRS 45 120 1) 0 .96 0 .96 0 .96

F VDE 40 105 0 .86 0 .91 0 .93

GL 45 100 0 .83 0 .87 0 .89

RIN A 50 90 0 .75 0 .84 0 .86

LR 45 90 0 .75 0 .84 0 .86

N KK 45 90 0 .75 0 .84 0 .86

D N V 45 90 0 .75 0 .84 0 .86

BV 50 90 0 .75 0 .84 0 .86

ABS 50 95 0 .78 0 .84 0 .89

MRS 45 100 1) 0 .83 0 .87 0 .89

5 . 4


p o w e r a n d po w e r

f a cto r cos ph i :


The unde rexcited range of

cos phi = 0 1 islimited

during:

single opera tion by

ma inta ining the ra ted

voltag e using the voltage

regula tor

opera tionin para llel w ith

the ma ins by stab ility

ag a instloss ofsynchronism

The overexcited range is

limited by:

cos phi = 1 0 .8

by the pe rformance of

the drive motor

cos phi = 0 .8 0

by the pe rmissible rotor

tempe ra ture rise.

Limita tion by a lterna tor

Limita tion by prime mover

underexcited overexcited

Relation between power and power factor cos phi Characteristiccurve 5.4

1)tempe ra ture rise reduced in ordernotto exceed VDE

13


14/24

14

5 . 6

H i g h e r t y p e s o f

e ncl o su re

The design and electrica l

parameters are de termined

during the projectstage.The

degree of enclosure and

the rated power are indicatedonthe rating pla te.

5 . 6 . 1

Encl os ur e IP 4 3

Enclosure type IP 43 is poss-

ible for allsizes and requires

the addition of a irinlet filters,

whose higher a irresistance

reducesthe pe rformance by

about 5% 10% (depending

onthe size ,rotationalspeed

and airvelocity).Temperature

sensors inthe genera tor

which are to be connected

to a controlunitinthe

control panelwarn ag a inst

anunaccep tab le tempe ra ture

rise inthe w inding when

cleaning ofthe a irfiltersis

required .

5 . 6 . 2

Encl o su r e IP R 4 4 o r

IPR 5 4

Fromsize DSG 62 , a irintake

and outlet duc tsmay be

provided. As an extra ad -

vantage ,in additionto the

higher de gree of enclosure,the necessary ventila tion

dissipatesthe hea tthrough

duc tsfromthe insta lla tion

area and a lso reducesthe

noise level.

The position ofthe intake

and outlet openingsinthe

generator a llowsforthe

connection ofsupp ly and

outlet a irchannels.The

magnitude ofthe permissible

pressure dropsinthe pipingisto be agreed w iththe

manufacturer.

5 . 6 . 3

Encl o su r e I P 4 4 o r

IP 5 4

These types of enclosure are

a lso possible forsize DSG

62 and above and require

the use ofhea t exchange rs.

Forthe a lterna tor,the coo-

ling a irtempe rature emerging

fromthe coo ler and into the

a lterna toristhe de cid ing

factor.

Water-coo led hea t

exchangers:

In genera lthe hea t

exchange rs are usua lly

designed so tha tthe

tempe rature ofthe coo -

ling a

irent

erin

gth

ea lterna toris 15 K above

the wa terintake tempe -

ra ture.The change in

pe rformance is givenin

characteristiccurve 5 .2 .

There isno additiona l

powerreduc tioncaused

by increased a irresistance

inthe coo ling circuit.

Air-coo led heat ex-

change rs:

Inthiscase,the coo ling

a irtemperature emerging

fromthe coo ler and

entering the a lternatoris

higherthanthe outside

tempe ra ture by the tem-

pe ra ture grad ientinthe

hea t exchange r.Itis

usua lly designed so tha t

the coo ling a ir go ing

into the a lterna toris

around 15 K higher

thanthe a ir entering

the coo ler.The power

reduc tionis givenin

characteristiccurve 5 .2 .

Ifthe customerrequires

a more space-saving

coo ling system design,

a reduc tionin pe r-

formance may be

necessary b ecause of

the resulting increase in

a irresistance. C areful

eva lua tion and appro-

priate case by case type

de termina tionisrecom-

mended.


15/24

6 . 1 . 1

A l t e r n a t o r

Inthe sma llermodels,the G 1

stator w indings are made

fromround wire, while those

ofthe large rmodels are

mad e fromflat w ire as pre-

formed w indings.The G 3w inding is a lso loca ted

inthe ma instator.Fromsize

DSG 52 up,the we ll-propor-

tioned termina l box a llowsfor

the addition ofsupp lementary

controllers ormodules.

The G 1 rotor w inding,made

ofsection wire,isla id directly

onto the insulated rotorlami-

nated core.This gives an

op tima lcopperfilling factor

and good mechanica lstrength.The strength ofthe

impregnated coilsisfurther

increased by mechanica l

pa cking.

The three -phase rotor w inding

ofthe G 2 stationary-field

machine, and itsfield w ind-

ing, are insulated like the wind-

ings ofthe ma inmachine.

High-qua lity multi-layersurface

insulationmateria ls are used

to insulate the w indings.Thisheat-resistantinsulating system

issuitab le forthe mechanica l,

electrica l and climaticre-

quirements ofland and ship

use.The G3 auxiliary field

w inding supp liesthe field

w inding ofthe G2 brushless

three -phase a .c . exciter w ith

6 . 1

O p e r a t i n g p r inci p l e

El ect r ic a l p e rf o r m a nce

6 .

Ma in alternator

Excitermachine

Auxiliary w inding

Voltage droop transformer

Voltage adjuster

G 1

G 2

G 3

T6

R1

15


16/24


17/24

can be ignored fornorma l

distances be tween assembly

and control panel.

The set po int po tentiometer

isconnected to the regula tor

terminalss/t.The connection

lines ofthe set po int po -

tentiometermust be la id out

sep arately as double-core

shielded w ires.Forcorrect

equipo tentia l bonding,the

shield must be connected

to ea rth at either end or

more often.The minimum

wire size must be 0.75 mm2.

The op tica lshield covering

mustreach atleast 8085%.

Forthe opera ting range

be twe enno-load and full

loa d, as per VDE 053 0 and

IEC 34 ,the voltage range

(0 .951 .05) x U N applies,

w iththe givenconstra ints.

6 . 3 . 2

Sta t ic v o l t a g e r e s p o n s e

The voltag e tolerance for a ll

DSG a lternatorsis 0 .5%

to 1%unde rthe follow ing

conditions/ disturbances:

no-load operationto rated

loa d cos phi 0 .1 1) 1

cold and warmmachines

speed drop of

approxima tely 3%.

1)Thisconcernsthe regula tion

prope rties.The therma lra ting forcontinuous ope ra tionis a tcos

phi = 0 .8 .The usua l ope ra tiona l

range iscos phi = 0 .81 .

6 . 3

Vo lt a g e a n d f r e q u e ncy

AvK a lternators are built

for 50 or 60 Hz opera tion

a tthe voltag es givenin

VDE 053 0 and specifica tions

from othercountries.

However, othervoltages orfrequenc ies are ava ilab le

onrequest.

6 . 3 . 1

V o lt a g e s e tt i n g r a n g e

The voltage adjustment pro-

vided asstandard for a lter-

na tors ofsizes DSG 29 to

DSG 43 is achieved by

a rheostatlocated onthe

regula tor.

A lterna tors ofsize DSG 52

and up are provided as

standard w ith a 500 set-

po int adjuster.Thisis built

into the termina l box in

unitsup to size 74 , and is

loca ted inthe control panel

inthe case of bigg erunits

(a

ls

o an

option

f

orsi

zes

DSG 29 to DSG 74)for

expediency rea sons.The

voltage iscontinuously a djust-

ab le withinthe range 10%

ofrated voltag e. As pe r

VDE 053 0 ,the controlrange

is 5% ofthe ra ted voltage

inno-load opera tion; itcan

be extended to 10%for

operationaltesting ofcontrol

panelcomponents and for

synchr

onisation.Th

eresist

ance

ofthe po tentiometercab les

6 . 2 . 2

D e - e x ci t a t ion

For de -excitation,the current

inthe G 2 exciter w inding

must be broughtto 0 .This

can be done by d isconnect-

ing the connections UH1 and

WH1 atthe C OSIMATLC 2,or by opening the bridge

UH 1-UH 1 and WH1 - W H1

onthe C OSIMAT N +voltage

regula tor.Inthis way,the

supp ly to the regulatorisinter-

rupted and the currentinthe

exciterfield fa llsto ze ro.For

sizes 74 144 ,the de -ex-

citation sw itchshould be

connected to the designated

termina ls(see w iring diagram

legend),and notto theC O SIMAT N +, by use of a

de -excitationrelay.

Encapsulated sw itches are

to be used .The minimumloa d

ofthe contactsmust b e > 5 V

D C / 0.1A .The required rated

loa d is 2 2 0 V AC / 1 0 A.

Please note carefully the in-

structionsinthe appropriate

w iring diagram.

C auti

on:The exci ta tion field electric

circuit of G 2 must no t be

interrupted! A fter the de-

exci tation ,the a lternator

produces a further residua l

vo ltage of approx. 15% of

UN .This va lue , par ticular ly

for voltages of over 400 V,

can be above the permit-

ted touch voltage!

statorcurrentlimiting

excitationcurrentlimiting

cab le compensation

Mo re de ta iled descriptions

ofthese devices are given

sep ara tely.

6 . 2

Se l f -ex ci t a t ion ,

d e - e x ci t a t i o n

6 . 2 . 1

Se l f - ex ci t a t ion

Self-excitation w ithoutthe

use of externa l auxiliary

meansis achieved through

pe rman

ent

magn

etsin

th

eframe ofthe exciter.

In ad dition, excitationcan

be provided by an externa l

voltage of approx. 10 V DC

(positive po le onthe Iter-

mina l).Thisvoltag e is

app lied to the termina ls

I1 K1 ofthe exciter during

the run-up to ra ted speed.

The externa l exci tation

must no t be switched on

when the machine is a t

rest.

17


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18

6 . 3 . 3

Tr a n si e n t v o l t a g e

r e s p o n s e

see Oscillogram 1 Application

see Oscillogram 2 Shedding

The voltag e change for

suddenloa d varia tions

depends onthe leakage

resistance voltage drop of

a lternator G 1 .

The magneticcircuit and

the w inding are op tima lly

designed forslighttransient

voltag e changes.

Externa l disturbancesfor

transientvoltag e change

are the relative currentsurge

as we ll asthe powerfactor.

For exa mple, during fullload applica tion w ithcos

phi 0 .8 ,the transientvoltage

drop is approxima tely

1825%.The low erva lue

appliesto machines at

1500 rpm,the higherva lue

to low -speed machines

of 500 rpm. W ith existing

base load ,the transient

voltag e change isslightly

lowerthanthatfor a a lternator

opera ting atno load .

The time constants ofthe

a lternator G 1 ,the exc iter

G 2 , and the controlsystem

used as we ll asthe dynamic

speed decrease as an ex-

terna linfluence de termine

the tempora l pa th ofthe

voltag e.The amply d imen-

sioned excita tionsystem

achievesshortrecovery times

because the excess excita tion

fromthe powersupp ly

equipment worksup untilthe

rated voltage is achieved .

The recovery time is

0 .50 .8 seconds, depend-

ing on a lternatorsize .

6 . 3 . 4

V olt a g e w a v e f o r m

A sinusoida lvoltage wave-

formis produced by the

geometry o fthe magnetic

circuit and the choice ofthe

winding factor ofthe stator

winding.

The usua l de finitions are:

Telephone Harmonic

F

act

orT

HF

The requirements of VDE

0530 are easily achieved .

tota lharmonic distortion

The harmoniccontent be twe en

Ph-Phis 3% during no-loa d

opera tionup to ra ted

power and powerfactor

cos phi = 0 .11 a t

symmetric and linearloads.

Ifrequired , a spec ia l w ind-

ing arrangementreduces

the tota lharmonic distortion

to lessthan 3% and the

single harmonics partto less

than 2% evenforthe voltage

waveform be tweenline and

neutra l. However,thisresults

in a slightreduction in pe rfor-

mance.

O sci ll o g r a m 1 / l o a d a p p l ica t i o n

O sci ll o g r a m 2 / l o a d s h e d d i n g

A lterna tor DSG 99 L1-6 , 3220 kVA , 450 V, 60 Hz , 1200 rpmRemova l of 2600 kVA ,cos = 0 .8

A lterna tor DSG 86 L1-4 , 2840 kVA , 400 V, 50 Hz , 1500 rpmAp p lic a tion of 1500 kVA cos = 0 .1


19/24

currentis a factor of 1 .37

higher, and for a phase-

to-ea rthfault a factor of

1 .85 higher.Inthis way,

protective devicescan be

co-ordina ted to isola te

the faulted systemsafely

and selectively.

The range IK 3 x IN isrequired for example in

genera l by variousclas-

sificationsocieties.The

associa ted exciterra ting

lea dsto a short-termvoltage

rise a lmostto ceiling voltag e

whenthe short-circuitis

clea red .This(high)voltage

rise may a lso occur during

certa in disturbancesinthe

voltage controlsystem.

N ecessary measures

for the protection of

consumers are provide d

for in the contro l panel.

6 . 4

Cur ren ts

6 . 4 . 1

U n b a l a nce d l o a d s

The electrica llayout ofthe

altern

ator a

lso pe rmi

ts a

n

unba lanced load .

The follow ing unba lanced

loads, w ithno load ing on

the o ther phases, are a llowed:

ma tely 10 seconds with-

outthe ra ted voltage

dropping to anunaccep t-

ab le level.Thisshort-term

overloa d capacity is

ava ilab le forstarting currents

ofinduc tionmotors,for

exa mple.

6 . 4 . 3

Shor t -ci rcu it

b e h a v i o u r

The corresponding machine

parameters de termine the

magnitude ofthe asymmet-

ricshort-circuitcurrent.

Depending onmachine

size ,it decreases within0 .30 .6 secondsto

the susta ined short-circuit

current.

The standard components

are dimensioned so that

the a lterna torcansupp ly

2 .5 to 4 timesthe ra ted

current assusta ined short

circuitcurrentfor 3 seconds

at a 3 phase termina l

sh

ort

circuit.

Wh

en

a 2phase shortcircuit occurs,

the susta ined short-circuit

Consequently,the ratio o f

the neg a tive sequence sys-

tem I2 to the rated current

IN isclea rly above the VDE

requirements.

Unbalanced loa dscause

voltag e unbalance and

additiona llossestha t are

particularly noticea ble when

there are temperature risesinthe d ampercag e.There-

fore,the loa d should be

distributed onthe system-side

assymmetrica lly as possible

be tweenthe 3 phases.The

voltage asymmetry w ill be

about 1% pe r ea ch 10%

unba lanced load . Ifthe o ther

phases were a lso loaded

with differentcurrents,the

magnitudes ofthe positive

phase sequence system,

neg ative sequence system,

and ze ro phase sequence

systemmust be ana lytically

or graphica lly calculated ,

so thatthe actua l a lternator

loa d may be determined .

Forthe alternator,the current

in any phase w inding may

not exceed the ra ted current

and the ratio o fthe nega tive

sequence systemI2 to the

rated currentIN mustrema in

lessthan 20%.

AvK recommendslimiting

I2/IN to 0 .08 inline w ith

the relevantspecifications

for the protection ofthe entire

system.

6 . 4 . 2

O v e r l o a d

In

acc

orda

nc

e with

VDE0530 ,the genera tors are

dimensioned for 1 .5 times

the ra ted currentfor a

dura tion of 30 seconds.

To adaptto the requirements

ofinterna lcombustion

engines, an overload of

1 .1 timesthe rated current

can be ma inta ined for 1h

within 6h.

The amply d imensionedexcitation equipment permits

a short-term overload of

up to about 1 .8 timesthe

ra ted currentfor ap proxi-

thisSize correspondsto

I/IN I2/IN

29 1 .0 0 .33

36 1 .0 0 .33

43 0 .9 0 .3

52 0 .75 0 .325

62 0 .6 0 .2

74 0 .6 0 .2

86 0 .6 0 .2

99 0 .6 0 .2

114 0 .6 0 .2

125 0 .6 0 .2

144 0 .6 0 .2

I2 = inverse current

19

Pa th o fthe shor tcircuitcurrentfor 3 phase shor tcircuit of an a lterna torDSG 125 K1 -12 , 2740 kVA , 400 V, nomina lcurrentInomina l = 3 ,955 Awith connected voltage regula tor

O sci l l o g r a m / a s y m m e t r ic shor t -cir cui t cu r r e n t


20/24

20

6 . 5

N o n l i n e a r lo a d

Converters asconsumers

withnon-linea rcurrentscause

harmonicsinthe voltage

waveform.In orde rto keep

the losses occurring inthe

alternator and the systemlowand to guarantee the correct

functioning ofthe connected

electrica l devices,the har-

monic oscilla tioncontent of

the voltage waveformshould

be assma ll as possible,see

a lso Section 6 .3 .4 .

Tha t presupposes a sma ll

sub-transientreactance xd.

One ofthe waysthiscan

be achieved is by design-

ing the dampe rcage in aparticular way.

W ithvery highload part

due to inverters, over-

dimensioning ofthe a lterna tor

may be necessary.This a lso

requires a specificmagnetic

circuit design.Thisinevitab ly

lea dsto anincrease o f

the asymmetricshort-circuit

current.

The mea

surest

o bec

on-

side red forthe a lternator

depend onthe rela tive non

linearload ,the currenthar-

monics brought about by

the user, and the pe rmissible

harmonicvoltage distortion.

Itis advisab le to consultthe

manufacturerin orde rto

op timise the entire system.

6 . 6

E m e r g e nc y o p e r a t io n

Where strictersafety require-

ments exist,itis possible,inthe event offa ilure ofthe elec-

tronic voltage regula tor, to con-

tinue to operate the alternator

using an emergency manua l

control orto change over

to a stand-by regulator either

manua lly or automa tica lly.

6 . 6 . 1

E m e r g e nc y m a n u a l

c

on t ro l

The electrica l powerfrom

the supp ly e quipmentisfed

to the exciter winding I1 K1

ofthe exciter G 2 via an

ad justable transformer w ith

series-connected rectifier.

Manualcontrol ofthe correct

exciterrating proves extremely

diff icult, especia lly inthe

case ofinrushcurrents.There-

fore, emergency manua l

controlis only p ossible where

there is a lmostconstantloa d

of a sep ara te network orin

the case of operationin

para llel w iththe ma ins.To

avoid consequentia l damage

caused by operator error and

because ofthe diff iculty of

manua l operation,the alter-

natormust be changed back

to automa ticvoltag e regu-

l

ation

as

s

oon

as

possi

bl

e.

6 . 6 . 2

S t a n d - b y r e g u l a t o r

The disadvantages of

emergency manua lcontrol

do not apply when a stand-

by regula torisinsta lled ,

because the alternator can

opera te as be fore aftersw itchoverto thisregulator.

The entire regula torunit

mainregulator,stand-by regu-

lator,manua l or automatic

changeoverunitmust be

builtinto the sw itchge ar.

7 . 1

G e n e r a l

Alternators fromsize DSG

52 and up are equipped

asstandard for para llel

opera tion.

The sma llersizes DSG 29

to DSG 43 can be upg radedaccordingly.

The para llel opera tion of

the required numbe r ofunits

enab les an op timalcap acity

utilisa tion and favourab le

opera ting eff iciency.

In addition,the opera tiona l

reliab ility o fthe systemin-

crea sessince the otherunits

cantake overinthe case of

fa ilure o f one o fthe unitsafter

corresponding pre-setting.

7 . 2

P a r a l le l s w i tch i n g

cond i t ions

Alternators to be connected

in para llelto each other or

to the ma insmustfulfilthe

s

ynchr

onis

ation

c

on

diti

ons,

i.e. be identica l w ithreg ard

to the follow ing criteria:

voltage

frequency

phase sequence

phase position

Permissible tolerances

be fore connection are:

voltage difference:

5%

of

UN frequency d ifference:

2% offN

Pa r a l l e l o p e r a t i o n

7 .


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AvK Deutschland GmbH & Co. KGDivision Power GenerationBunsenstrae 17 D - 85053 IngolstadtP.O. Box 10 06 51 D - 85006 IngolstadtPhone: +49 (0) 8 41/7 92-0 Fax: +49 (0) 8 41/7 92-2 50Homepage http://www.newage-avkseg.come-mail: [email protected]

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AvK Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG

Dreieich branchBenzstrae 47-49 D - 63303 DreieichP.O. Box 10 11 28 D - 63265 Dreieich

Phone: +49 (0) 61 03/50 39-0 Fax: +49 (0) 61 03/50 39-40Homepage http://www.newage-avkseg.come-mail: [email protected]

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