Bromsgrove District Council...Bromsgrove is the hub of a series of roads, the primary ones being the...

Progress Report 2010: Bromsgrove District Council

May 2010

Progress Report 2010 Bromsgrove District Council

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946/9/F1 28th May 2010 Final Report Prof. Duncan Laxen

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J946 1 of 29 May 2010

Executive Summary

This report forms part of the statutory duty placed on local government to report progress in Local

Air Quality Management, under Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 and the Air Quality (England)

Regulations 2000 and subsequent Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002. It

provides an update on monitoring data within Bromsgrove District Council, an assessment of any

new developments which might have an impact on air quality and provides some context in relation

to wider policies and processes being used to improve air quality generally.

The monitoring carried out in the district has not identified any exceedences of the PM10 objectives.

For nitrogen dioxide, there are still widespread exceedences of the annual mean objective, though

no exceedences of the hourly objective have been identified. In the majority of cases, the

exceedences are within currently declared AQMAs. The exception is the area surrounding the

Worcester Road automatic monitor.

At the automatic monitoring location and at three diffusion tube monitoring locations along

Worcester Road, the annual mean nitrogen dioxide objective is being exceeded; these locations

are not currently within a declared AQMA. These sites are currently being investigated in a

Detailed Assessment.

There is one new residential development within Bromsgrove District Council on Worcester Road

which will require further investigation as part of the Detailed Assessment.

Concentrations do need to be closely monitored at diffusion tube site KR in future years to ensure

that there is no need to amend the existing Hagley Air Quality Management Area order, should the

1 hour objective be breached at a nearby location of relevant exposure.


J946 1 of 29 May 2010

Contents

Executive Summary.............................................................................................................1 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................2 2 New Monitoring Data ....................................................................................................7 3 New Local Developments ...........................................................................................20 4 Regional Air Quality Strategy ......................................................................................21 5 Planning Applications..................................................................................................21 6 Air Quality Planning Policies .......................................................................................22 7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies .........................................................................23 8 Climate Change Strategies .........................................................................................23 9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions.............................................................................24 10 References .................................................................................................................25 11 Appendix A: QA:QC of Data........................................................................................26


J946 2 of 29 May 2010

1 Introduction

Description of Local Authority Area

1.1 Bromsgrove is a district within the county of Worcestershire with a population of 87,486

(Worcestershire County Council, 2001). The main urban areas in the district are the towns of

Bromsgrove, Hagley, Rubery and Wythall. The remaining part of the district is largely rural in

character. Bromsgrove is the hub of a series of roads, the primary ones being the M42, M5, A38,

A456, A435 A441 and A491. The main source of air pollution in the district is road traffic emissions

from these roads.

1.2 Bromsgrove District Council has declared three Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs). The first

is located at Junction 1 of the M42 at Lickey End in Bromsgrove, the second is located at

Kidderminster Road, Hagley and the third is located at Redditch Road, Stoke Heath. Each of

these AQMAs have been declared as a result of measured or predicted exceedences of the annual

mean objective for nitrogen dioxide due to road traffic emissions. Other pollution sources, including

commercial, industrial and domestic sources, also make a contribution to background pollution

concentrations.

Purpose of Progress Report

1.3 Progress Reports are required in the intervening years between the three-yearly Updating and

Screening Assessment reports. Their purpose is to maintain continuity in the Local Air Quality

Management process.

1.4 They are not intended to be as detailed as Updating and Screening Assessment Reports, or to

require as much effort. However, if the Progress Report identifies the risk of exceedence of an Air

Quality Objective, the Local Authority (LA) should undertake a Detailed Assessment immediately,

and not wait until the next round of Review and Assessment.

Air Quality Objectives

1.5 The air quality objectives applicable to Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) in England are set

out in the Air Quality (England) Regulations 2000 (SI 928), and the Air Quality (England)

(Amendment) Regulations 2002 (SI 3043). They are shown in Table 1.1. This table shows the

objectives in units of microgrammes per cubic metre µg/m3 (for carbon monoxide the units used

are milligrammes per cubic metre, mg/m3). Table 1.1 includes the number of permitted

exceedences in any given year (where applicable).


J946 3 of 29 May 2010

Table 1.1: Air Quality Objectives included in Regulations for the purpose of Local Air Quality Management in England.

Pollutant Concentration Measured as Date to be achieved by

16.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003 Benzene 5.00 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2010

1,3-Butadiene 2.25 µg/m3 Running annual mean 31.12.2003

Carbon monoxide 10.0 mg/m3 Running 8-hour mean 31.12.2003

0.5 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004 Lead

0.25 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2008

200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year

1-hour mean

31.12.2005

Nitrogen dioxide

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2005

50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year

24-hour mean

31.12.2004

Particles (PM10) (gravimetric)

40 µg/m3 Annual mean 31.12.2004


1-hour mean

31.12.2004


24-hour mean

31.12.2004

Sulphur dioxide


15-minute mean 31.12.2005


J946 4 of 29 May 2010

Summary of Previous Review and Assessments

1.6 Bromsgrove District Council undertook the first round of review and assessment of air quality

between 1998 and 2002. The first round assessments resulted in the declaration an Air Quality

Management Area (AQMA) as a result of predicted exceedences of the annual mean objective for

nitrogen dioxide at Lickey End, due to road traffic emissions from the M42 (Junction 1).

1.7 The second round of review and assessment commenced with the 2003 Updating and Screening

Assessment (USA). This report concluded that a Detailed Assessment would be required for

nitrogen dioxide due to road traffic emissions from the A38 Redditch Road (Aston Road Industrial

Estate), the A456/A491 Hagley, and the A38 Marlbrook Crossroads. The Detailed Assessment

concluded that the declaration of further AQMAs was not required.

1.8 The third round of review and assessment commenced with the 2006 USA. This report concluded

that a Detailed Assessment was required for nitrogen dioxide due to measured exceedences of the

annual mean objective at the nearest receptors to two diffusion tube monitoring locations on

Redditch Road, Buntsford Hill and Kidderminster Road, Hagley. Triplicate diffusion tube monitoring

was introduced in these locations. The Detailed Assessment 2007 concluded that the annual

mean objective for nitrogen dioxide was likely to be exceeded at Redditch Road, Buntsford Hill. As

a consequence Bromsgrove District Council installed a continuous monitor at Redditch Road,

Buntsford Hill in March 2008 for a six-month period. The results of this monitoring were considered

within the Detailed Assessment 2009 which covered Kidderminster Road, Hagley, as well as a

number of areas in Bromsgrove town centre, where measured exceedences were identified in the

2008 Progress Report. As a result of the report findings a continuous monitoring site was installed

at Worcester Road and a detailed traffic survey within Bromsgrove town centre was undertaken.

1.9 As a result of the 2009 Detailed Assessment two Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) were

declared for Kidderminster Road, Hagley and Redditch Road, Stoke Heath, effective as of the 17th

of February 2010 for exceedences of the nitrogen dioxide annual mean objective. To date,

therefore, three AQMA’s have been declared within Bromsgrove, all in relation to the nitrogen

dioxide annual mean objective.


J946 5 of 29 May 2010

Figure 1.1: Map of Lickey End AQMA Boundary

Figure 1.2: Map of Redditch Road AQMA Boundary


J946 6 of 29 May 2010

Figure 1.3: Map of Kidderminster Road AQMA Boundary


J946 7 of 29 May 2010

2 New Monitoring Data

Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

Automatic Monitoring Sites

2.1 Bromsgrove District Council operates an automatic monitoring site at Lickey End, Bromsgrove

measuring nitrogen dioxide alongside the M42 Junction 1 (Figure 2.1). An additional monitoring

site was located at Worcester Road from April 2009 to April 2010, monitoring both nitrogen dioxide

and particulate matter (PM10) (Figure 2.2).

Figure 2.1: Map of Lickey End Automatic Monitoring Site


J946 8 of 29 May 2010

Figure 2.2: Map of Worcester Road Automatic Monitoring Site

Table 2.1: Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites

Site Name Site Type Grid Reference

Pollutants Monitored

In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure?

Distance to kerb?

Worst-Case Exposure?

Lickey End Bromsgrove Roadside

397010, 273112

NO2 Y Y 3.2m Y

Worcester Road,

Bromsgrove Façade 395702,

270423 NO2 N Y 3.7m Y

Non-Automatic Monitoring

2.2 Bromsgrove District Council also monitors annual mean nitrogen dioxide concentrations using

passive diffusion tubes located across its administrative area. The locations of the diffusion tubes

are described in Table 2.2 and shown in Figures 2.3 to 2.7.

2.3 Bromsgrove District Council has deployed diffusion tubes prepared and analysed by Gradko, (20%

TEA in water). For further information see Appendix A. Diffusion tubes are co-located, in triplicate,

with the roadside continuous monitor at Worcester Road and the AURN monitor at Lickey End, to

establish the bias of the diffusion tubes compared to the continuous monitoring data. Appendix A

provides details of the bias correction factors used within this report. The 2009 results from the

WASP scheme show Gradko diffusion tubes had good performance, whilst laboratory precision

was good.


J946 9 of 29 May 2010

Figure 2.3: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Hagley

Figure 2.4: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Bromsgrove Town Centre


J946 10 of 29 May 2010

Figure 2.5: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites around Lickey End, Birmingham Road and the M5

Figure 2.6: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites around Redditch Road and Aston Fields


J946 11 of 29 May 2010

Figure 2.7: Map of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites in Hopwood and alongside the M42

Table 2.2: Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites


Pollutants Monitored In AQMA?

Relevant Exposure?

(m)

Distance to kerb? (m)

Worst-Case

Exposure?

Davenal House(BG1) Roadside

396238, 271118

NO2 N N 2.3 N

Finstall (BG3) Background 396755, 270400

NO2 N Y (0) N/A N

Charford (BG4) Background 395917, 269323

NO2 N Y (0) N/A N

Worcester Road (BG5) Roadside

395562, 270249

NO2 N Y (3) 1.2 Y

3A Alcester Road, Lickey End

(1) Façade

396999, 272979

NO2 Y Y (4) 15 (30 to M42) N

485 Birmingham Rd, Marlbrook (13) Façade

396889, 274133

NO2 N Y (0) 14.5 N

Strand House, The Strand,

Bromsgrove (5) Roadside

396150, 271068

NO2 N N 3 Y

St James Court, The Strand

(5 new) Façade

396202, 271069 NO2 N Y (7) 25 N


J946 12 of 29 May 2010



Relevant Exposure?

(m) Distance to kerb? (m)

Worst-Case

Exposure?

No. 5 Stourbridge Road (7) Façade

391437, 281037 NO2 Y Y (0) 9 N

58 Redditch Road Stoke Prior (16) Façade

394701, 268444 NO2 Y Y (0) 2.8 N

74 Worcester Lane, Hagley (11) Façade

390295, 280043 NO2 Y Y (0) 2.5 N

Woodbine Cottage,

Birmingham Road, Hopwood (12)

Roadside 402958, 276407 NO2 N Y (2) 2 N

288 Birmingham Road, Lickey End

(4) Façade

396935, 272934 NO2 Y Y (3) 10 N

464 Birmingham Road (15) Façade

396933, 274207 NO2 N Y (0) 17 N

2 Golden Cross Lane (14) Façade

396872, 274176 NO2 N Y (5) 15.5 N

84 Redditch Road, Buntsford Hill (18) Façade

395180, 268549 NO2 N Y (0) 2 N

93 Redditch Road Triplicate (19/a/b) Façade

395188, 268564 NO2 Y Y (0) 2.9 N

A491 Roundabout / Stourbridge

Road Junction (10)

Façade 391458, 280948 NO2 Y Y (0) 16 N

77a Park Road (10) Façade

391137, 280638 NO2 Y Y (0) 17 N

9 Market Way, Hagley (8) Façade

391452, 280947 NO2 Y Y (0) 15.3 N

78 Kidderminster Road, Hagley

(9a/b) Façade

391210, 280668 NO2 Y Y (0) 8.3 N

Smallholdings (TS) Façade

396613, 275085 NO2 N Y (0) 50 N

Wildmoor Lane (WL) Façade

396095, 274592 NO2 N Y (0) 16 N

Grosvenor House(GH) Façade

401740, 273196 NO2 N Y (0) 28 N

Ye Olde Black Cross, Worcester Road Triplicate

(BC/a/b)

Façade 395685, 270424 NO2 N Y (0) 2.5 N

Denise Lesley, Worcester Road, Bromsgrove (DL)

Façade 395668, 270404 NO2 N Y (0) 2.5 N

16 Worcester Road,

Bromsgrove (BCX)

Façade 395807, 270549 NO2 N Y (0) 2.5 N

Kidderminster Road, Hagley (KR) Roadside 391277,

280774 NO2 Y Y (6) 7 Y


J946 13 of 29 May 2010



Relevant Exposure?

(m) Distance to kerb? (m)

Worst-Case

Exposure?

35 Birmingham Road,

Bromsgrove (BR) Roadside 396292,

271210 NO2 N Y (0) 4 N

2 Stoke Road, Aston Fields,

Bromsgrove (SR) Façade 396780,

269450 NO2 N Y (0) 4.9m Y

7 Craft Court, Aston Fields,

Bromsgrove (RW) Façade 396396,

268738 NO2 N Y (0) 1.9m Y

Lickey End 3/ Forrest Inn Island Triplicate (F1/2/3)

Roadside 397010, 273112 NO2 Y Y (0) 3.5 Y

Comparison of Monitoring Results with Air Quality Objectives

Nitrogen Dioxide

Automatic Monitoring Data

2.4 The nitrogen dioxide concentrations measured by the automatic monitor in 2009 show that the

annual mean objective has been exceeded at both Lickey End and Worcester Road (Table 2.3a).

However the hourly mean objective has been met at both monitoring sites (Table 2.3b).

Table 2.3a: Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m3)

Site Name In AQMA?

Data Capture for

2009 Calendar Year (%)

2007 2008 2009

Lickey End, Bromsgrove Y 95 53 54 54

Worcester Road, Bromsgrove N 81 - - 46a

Objective 40 40 40

a Period Mean April 2009 – April 2010


J946 14 of 29 May 2010

Table 2.3b: Results of Automatic Monitoring for Nitrogen Dioxide: Comparison with 1-hour Mean Objective

Number of Exceedences of Hourly Mean (200 µg/m3)

If the period of valid data is less than 90% of a full year, include the 99.8th percentile of

hourly means in brackets. Site Name In AQMA?

Data Capture for 2009 Calendar Year (%)

2007 2008 2009

Lickey End, Bromsgrove Y 95 40 7 0

Worcester Road, Bromsgrove N 81 - - 0 (150)a

Objective 18 18 18

a The value in brackets is the 99.8th percentile of hourly means. This is included as data capture is <90%.

2.5 Automatic monitoring of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the Lickey End monitoring station has

demonstrated that annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide have remained fairly static over

the last seven years, but consistently above the annual mean objective (shown in red) (Figure 2.8).

On the other hand, the number of hours above the hourly mean objective has been very variable

over the last four years, with one year showing an exceedence (Figure 2.9).

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

con

cent

ratio

n ( µ

g/m

3 )

Figure 2.8: Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Lickey End Automatic Monitoring Site.


J946 15 of 29 May 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Num

ber o

f Exc

eede

nces

of H

ourly

Mea

n (2

00µg

/m3 )

Figure 2.9: Trends in the Number of Hourly Mean Exceedences Measured at Lickey End Automatic Monitoring Site.

Diffusion Tube Monitoring Data

2.6 The nitrogen dioxide results measured by diffusion tubes in 2009 show that the annual mean

objective has been exceeded at eight locations five of which are within existing AQMA’s (Table

2.4). Sites showing exceedences outside of currently declared AQMAs are as follows:

• BC/a/b Ye Olde Black Cross, Worcester Road

• DL Denise Lesley, Worcester Road

• BCX 16 Worcester Road

These locations are currently being investigated in a Detailed Assessment.

Table 2.4: Results of Nitrogen Dioxide Diffusion Tubes

Annual Mean Concentrations (µg/m3) Site

Name Location In AQMA?


2007 2008 2009

BG1 Davenal House N 100 42 38 39

BG3 Finstall N 100 28 24 24


J946 16 of 29 May 2010




2007 2008 2009

BG4 Charford N 100 22 21 21

BG5 Worcester Road N 100 39 36 34

1 3A Alcester Road, Lickey End Y 100 35 29 32

13 485 Birmingham Road,

Marlbrook N 100 35 33 33

5 Strand House, The Strand,

Bromsgrove N - 41 36 -

5 new St James Court, The Strand N 75 - 28 27a

7 No. 5 Stourbridge Road Y 100 29 24 26

16 58 Redditch Road Stoke Prior Y 92 40 36 41

11 74 Worcester Lane, Hagley Y 100 37 32 35

12 Woodbine Cottage, Birmingham

Road, Hopwood N 83 34 29 31

4 288 Birmingham Road, Lickey

End Y 100 47 41 43

15 464 Birmingham Road N 100 28 24 27

14 2 Golden Cross Lane N 100 31 27 31

18 84 Redditch Road, Buntsford

Hill N 100 42 37 37

19/a/b 93 Redditch Road Triplicate Y 100 46 41 44

10b A491 Roundabout / Stourbridge

Road Junction Y - 33 34 -

10b 77a Park Road Y 92 30 23 37

8 9 Market Way, Hagley Y 58 - - 25a

9a/b 78 Kidderminster Road, Hagley Y 100 43 39 38

TS Smallholdings N 100 33 30 32

WL Wildmoor Lane N 100 32 32 31

GH Grosvenor House N 92 32 32 34

BC/a/b Ye Olde Black Cross, Worcester

Road Triplicate N 92 60 55 54

DL Denise Lesley, Worcester Road,

Bromsgrove N 100 - 52 49


J946 17 of 29 May 2010




2007 2008 2009

BCX 16 Worcester Road,


KR Kidderminster Road, Hagley Y 100 - 61 63

BR 35 Birmingham Road,


SR 2 Stoke Road, Aston Fields,

Bromsgrove N 50 - - 32a

RW 7 Craft Court, Aston Fields,

Bromsgrove N 42 - - 22a

F1/2/3 Lickey End 3/ Forrest Inn Island

Triplicate Y 100 49 47 51

a As a result of low data capture. Results have been annualised following guidance in Box 3.2 of TG(09) See Appendix A for further details.

b An error in diffusion tube labelling in previous years has resulted in there being two tubes labelled ‘10’, 77a Park Road is the only tube labelled ‘10’ as of 2009.

2.7 Monitoring at location KR indicates that there may be an exceedence of the hourly mean nitrogen

dioxide objective at this location, as annual mean concentrations above 60 μg/m3 have been

measured. This monitoring location is roadside, however, and if the distance from road calculator

(Defra, 2010) is used the concentration at the property is only predicted to be 46 μg/m3. As there

is no exposure at KR over the 1 hour averaging time of the objective it will not be necessary to

amend the Hagley AQMA order, however, concentrations at this monitoring locations will need to

be closely monitored in future years.

2.8 The results of diffusion tube monitoring of nitrogen dioxide concentrations across Bromsgrove are

presented in figures 2.9, 2.10 and 2.11. At the majority of monitoring locations there is no distinct

trend discernable within the data over a 4 year period. Furthermore concentrations are below the

annual mean objective at most locations though at six locations concentrations have exceeded the

objective in every year across the period 2006 – 2009.


J946 18 of 29 May 2010

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2006 2007 2008 2009Year

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

con

cent

ratio

n ( µ

g/m

3 )

Davenal Hous e

Fins ta ll

Charford

Worces ter Road

3A Alces ter Road

485 Birm inghamRoadStrand House, TheStrandSt Jam es Court,The StrandNo. 5 StourbridgeRoad58 Redditch Road

Objective

Figure 2.9: Trends in Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide Concentration Measured at Diffusion Tube Monitoring Sites.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

con

cent

ratio

n (

µg/

m3 )

74 Worcester Lane

Woodbine Cottage

288 Birm inghamRoad464 Birm inghamRoad2 Golden Cros sLane84 Redditch Road

93 Redditch RoadTriplicate A491 Roundabout

77a Park Road

9 Market Way

78 Kidderm insterRoad Objective



J946 19 of 29 May 2010

05

101520253035404550556065

2006 2007 2008 2009

Year

Nitr

ogen

dio

xide

con

cent

ratio

n ( µ

g/m

3 )

Smallholdings

Wildm oor Lane

Grosvenor House

Ye Olde BlackCross Triplicate DL, WorcesterRoad16 Worces terRoadKidderm insterRoad35 Birm inghamRoad2 Stoke Road,As ton Fields7 Craft Court,As ton FieldsLickey EndTriplicate Objective


PM10

2.9 PM10 concentrations were measured at the Worcester Road continuous monitoring site from April

2009 to April 2010. As only one year of monitoring data has been collected it is not possible to

consider the trend in concentrations. Concentrations measured over this period demonstrated no

exceedence of either the annual or 24 hour mean PM10 objective.

Table 2.5a: Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with Annual Mean Objective

Site Name In AQMA?

Data Capture for Monitoring Perioda (%)

12 Month Mean Concentration (µg/m3) April 2009 – April 2010

Worcester Road, Bromsgrove N 87.2 26.7

Objective 40


J946 20 of 29 May 2010

Table 2.5b: Results of PM10 Automatic Monitoring: Comparison with 24-hour Mean Objective

Number of Exceedences of Daily Mean (50 µg/m3) .

Site Name In AQMA?

Data Capture for April 2009 to

April 2010 (%)

2009

Worcester Road, Bromsgrove N 81 8 (38)

Objective 35

a The value in brackets is the 90th percentile of daily means. This is included as data capture is <90%.

Summary of Compliance with AQS Objectives

Bromsgrove District Council has measured concentrations of nitrogen dioxide above the annual mean objective at relevant locations outside of the AQMAs, within Worcester Road. This area has previously been identified and a Detailed Assessment is already underway. No further areas require Detailed Assessment.

3 New Local Developments

3.1 Since the 2009 Updating and Screening Assessment was produced no new developments, which

may have an impact on air quality have been identified, this may be linked to the economic

downturn. A small residential development is currently being constructed on Worcester Road

however; which may however, be affected by existing poor air quality. It is contained within the

Detailed Assessment study area and will be considered as part of this Assessment.

Bromsgrove District Council confirms that there are no new or newly identified local developments which may have an impact on air quality within the Local Authority area.


J946 21 of 29 May 2010

4 Regional Air Quality Strategy

4.1 Herefordshire Council and the authorities under Worcestershire Council have developed an Air

Quality Strategy (AQS) (Herefordshire and Worcestershire, 2009a). This AQS was developed to

provide support for achieving the national air quality objectives and also to raise the profile of air

quality issues with relevant bodies. Reducing concentrations of nitrogen dioxide within any area

designated an AQMA to below 40 μg/m3 by 2010/2011 is a key target contained with the strategy.

This target is also contained within the Herefordshire and Worcestershire Local Transport Plans.

National Indicator 194 incorporates target reductions for emissions of both NOx and PM10 from

local authority’s estates and operations, these targets are also incorporated within the strategy.

5 Planning Applications

5.1 A planning application for a Sainsbury’s Superstore and additional retail developments on

Birmingham Road has been received by Bromsgrove DC. If approved, this development will cover

around 1,076 square metres and will include 479 parking spaces; consequently it will have the

potential to have significant air quality impacts. The development will need to be considered in the

2012 USA if the application is approved.


J946 22 of 29 May 2010

6 Air Quality Planning Policies

6.1 The Bromsgrove Local Plan was adopted in 2004; however recent changes to the planning

legislation require the Council to replace the Local Plan with a Local Development Framework

(LDF). This portfolio of planning documents, individually known as Local Development Documents,

will deliver the spatial development strategy for Bromsgrove and build upon existing local and

regional strategies and initiatives. Core policies within the Local Plan are to remain in operation

until they are replaced by policies in the new development plan documents (Bromsgrove District

Council, 2004). Bromsgrove District Council’s Core Strategy is the most important document in the

LDF; the Draft Core Strategy went out for consultation in 2009.

6.2 The LDF vision states that: ‘Air quality will have been improved and the carbon footprint of the

District will have significantly reduced, with a sustainable increase of on site renewable energy

being incorporated into new developments.’

6.3 ES14 of the Local Plan states that: ‘Where development is proposed close to sources of pollution

and this would be likely to adversely affect the amenity of those occupying the subsequent

scheme; or where a proposal for a new development may itself be a potential source of pollution,

the District Council will seek to ensure that the conflict between such land uses can be ameliorated

to its satisfaction…”

6.4 At a regional planning level, Herefordshire and Worcestershire are encompassed within the

Regional Spatial Strategy (RSS) for the West Midlands (GOWM, 2009). Within the Regional

Spatial Strategy, the policy most relevant to air quality is policy QE4 C, which states that “Local

authorities and others should also encourage patterns of development which maintain and improve

air quality and minimise the impact of noise upon public space”. The importance of the air quality

management process is recognised in paragraph 8.45 of the RSS.

6.5 The Hereford and Worcester Air Quality Planning Protocol outlines air quality policy within Hereford

and Worcester and details requirements for air quality assessments (Herefordshire and

Worcestershire County Councils, 2009b). The protocol advises that air quality assessments

should be carried out for developments which may introduce new exposure to existing sources of

air pollutants.


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7 Local Transport Plans and Strategies

7.1 Bromsgrove District Council is encompassed by The Worcestershire Local Transport Plan 2

(LTP2).

7.2 LTP2 identifies accessibility, congestion, economic regeneration and the environment, particularly

air quality, as being the main transport issues relating to Bromsgrove (Worcestershire County

Council, 2006).

8 Climate Change Strategies

8.1 Bromsgrove District Council is signed up to both the Worcestershire Climate Change Pledge

(Worcestershire County Council, 2009) and the Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change

(Energy Saving Trust, 2000) they are also a partner within the Worcestershire Partnership Climate

Change Strategy (Worcestershire County Council, 2008).

8.2 Those who have signed up to the Worcestershire Climate Change Pledge have committed to raise

awareness of Climate Change issues among staff and in activities and to monitor and reduce

energy use.

8.3 The Nottingham Declaration on Climate Change requires each council that signs up to contribute

at a local level to the delivery of the UK Climate Change Programme and to prepare a plan with

local communities to address the causes and effects of Climate Change.


J946 24 of 29 May 2010

9 Conclusions and Proposed Actions

Conclusions from New Monitoring Data

9.1 Exceedences of the annual mean air quality objective have been identified outside of Bromsgrove

District Council’s three existing air quality management areas. The Worcester Road continuous

monitor and a number of diffusion tubes in the vicinity recorded annual mean nitrogen dioxide

concentrations greater than 40 μg/m3. A Detailed Assessment is already underway for this area.

9.2 Automatic monitoring of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at the Lickey End monitoring station has

demonstrated that annual mean concentrations of nitrogen dioxide have remained fairly static over

the last seven years, remaining consistently above the annual mean objective level. In 2009 no

exceedences of the one hour objective were observed at this site.

9.3 At one of the diffusion tube monitoring locations (KR) a concentration of 63 μg/m3 has been

monitored, which if this site were considered to be representative of relevant exposure would

indicate a breach of the nitrogen dioxide hourly mean objective, however there is no relevant

exposure over the averaging period of the objective at this location, and concentrations at the

nearest residential façade are predicted to be 46 μg/m3. As this location is currently contained

within the Hagley annual mean objective AQMA it will not be necessary to amend the order, but

this will need to be closely monitored in future years.

9.4 One year of automatic monitoring of particulate matter has been carried out at the Worcester Road

monitoring site. This monitoring has demonstrated that there are no PM10 objective exceedences

at this monitoring site.

Conclusions relating to New Local Developments

9.5 Bromsgrove District Council has confirmed that there are no new developments that would trigger

the requirement for a Detailed Assessment. However the proposed Sainsbury’s Superstore and

additional retail developments on Birmingham Road will require further investigation within the

2012 USA, should planning permission be granted.

9.6 The one residential development currently under construction at 186 – 190 Worcester Road will be

considered as part of the Detailed Assessment that is currently underway.

Proposed Actions

9.7 A Detailed Assessment for nitrogen dioxide in the vicinity of Worcester Road is already underway.

Close monitoring of nitrogen dioxide concentrations at KR in future years will be required to ensure

there is no breach of the hourly mean objective.


J946 25 of 29 May 2010

10 References Bromsgrove District Council, 2004. Bromsgrove District Local Plan. Available at: http://www.cartoplus.co.uk/bromsgrove/

Bureau Veritas, 2009. Bromsgrove District Council. Local Air Quality Management Updating and Screening Assessment. Ref: BV/AQ/AGGX1387682

Defra, 2009. Review & Assessment: Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09).

Defra, 2010. NO2 with distance from Roads Calculator Available at: http://www.airquality.co.uk/laqm/tools.php

Energy Saving Trust, 2000. http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/nottingham/Nottingham-Declaration/The-Declaration/About-the-Declaration

GOWM, 2009. Regional Spatial Strategy for the West Midlands, Government Office for the West Midlands. Available at: http://www.gos.gov.uk/gowm/Planning/515750/.

Herefordshire and Worcestershire County Councils, 2009a. Air Quality a Strategy for Herefordshire and Worcestershire. Available at: http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/docs/Hford_and_Worc_AQ_Strategy_2009(1).pdf

Herefordshire and Worcestershire County Councils, 2009b. Air Quality Planning Protocol for Herefordshire and Worcestershire. Available at: http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/docs/Hford_and_Worc_AQ_Strategy_2009_Planning_protocol.pdf

Stationery Office, 2000. Air Quality Regulations, 2000, Statutory Instrument 928.

Stationery Office, 2002. The Air Quality (England) (Amendment) Regulations 2002. Statutory Instrument 3043.

Worcestershire County Council, 2001. Worcestershire Census. Available at: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/community-and-living/research-and-intelligence/census-and-where-i-live/2001-census/key-statistics-part-1/bromsgrove.aspx

Worcestershire County Council, 2005. Local Transport Plan 2, Available at: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/pdf/wcc-env-ltp-summary.pdf

Worcestershire County Council, 2006. Worcestershire’s Local Transport Plan 2, Available at: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/transport-and-streets/transport/plans-and-strategies/local-transport-plan.aspx

Worcestershire County Council, 2008. Worcestershire Partnership Climate Change Strategy. Available at: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/pdf/Climate%20Change%20Strategy.pdf

Worcestershire County Council, 2009. Worcestershire Climate Change Pledge, Available at: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/community-and-living/sustainability/what-is-wcc-doing/the-climate-change-pledge.aspx

http://www.cartoplus.co.uk/bromsgrove/

http://www.airquality.co.uk/laqm/tools.php

http://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/nottingham/Nottingham

http://www.gos.gov.uk/gowm/Planning/515750/

http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/docs/Hford_and_Worc_AQ_Strategy_2009(1).pdf

http://www.herefordshire.gov.uk/docs/Hford_and_Worc_AQ_Strategy_2009_Planning_protocol.pdf

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/community-and-living/research-and

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/pdf/wcc-env-ltp-summary.pdf

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/transport-and-streets/transport/plans-and-strategies/local

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/pdf/Climate%20Change%20Strategy.pdf

http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/community-and-living/sustainability/what-is-wcc-doing/the


J946 26 of 29 May 2010

11 Appendix A: QA:QC of Data

Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors

11.1 Gradko 20% TEA in water diffusion tubes have been deployed across the district. The factor

available from the national bias adjustment factor spreadsheet (v.03/10) was generated by 33

studies and is 0.90 for 2009.

Factor from Local Co-location Studies

11.2 Diffusion tubes have been co-located, in triplicate, with the continuous monitors at Lickey End and

Worcester Road, as the Worcester Road monitoring was not carried out to across a calendar year

only the data from Lickey End have been used to establish the bias of the diffusion tubes

compared to the continuous monitoring data.

Table A1: Co-location Study Information

Lickey End, Bromsgrove

Annual Mean (2009) Bias Adjustment Factor

Diffusion Tube (triplicate) (μg/m3) 51.4

Chemiluminescent (μg/m3) 53.2

0.967

Discussion of Choice of Factor to Use

11.3 Both a local and a national Bias Adjustment Factor are available. Results presented in this report

have had the local Bias Adjustment Factor applied, as use of the local factor represents a

worst-case scenario and is therefore precautionary.

PM Monitoring Adjustment

11.4 The PM10 monitor at Worcester Road is a Beta Attenuation Mass monitor (BAM). The BAM inlet is

unheated and therefore technical guidance has been followed in that the annual mean has been

divided by 1.21 to provide gravimetric equivalent concentrations (Defra, 2009).

Short-term to Long-term Data adjustment

11.5 Data from three background Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN) monitoring sites were

used to adjust short-term monitoring data; these were West Bromwich, Leamington Spa and

Coventry. The first period mean shown below in Table A2, is for June to December, relating to

diffusion tube 8 (9 Market Way). Other period means were calculated to adjust the following tubes


J946 27 of 29 May 2010

5 new (St James Court, The Strand), SR (2 Stoke Road, Aston Fields) and RW (7 Craft Court,

Aston Fields).

Table A2: Data used to Adjust Short-term Monitoring Data to Annual Mean

Monitoring Sites West Bromwich

Leamington Spa Coventry Average Ratio

Annual Mean (μg/m3) 27.0 27.0 17.0 -

Diffusion tube 8

Jun to Dec (μg/m3) 25.3 22.6 14.4 -

Ratio 1.07 1.20 1.18 1.15

Diffusion tube 5 new

Jan to May, Aug to Oct and Dec

(μg/m3) 30.7 32.3 20.4 -

Ratio 0.88 0.83 0.83 0.85

Diffusion tube SR

Jul – Dec (μg/m3)

25.8 23.8 15.2 -

Ratio 1.05 1.13 1.12 1.10

Diffusion tube RW

Jul +Sep to Dec (μg/m3)

23.8 19.7 13.2 -

Ratio 1.14 1.37 1.29 1.27

QA/QC of automatic monitoring

11.6 Bromsgrove District Council calibrates the stations on a fortnightly basis and Air Quality

Consultants Ltd ratify the data. The equipment supplier Enviro Technology services the station on

a six monthly routine basis and AEA undertakes 6-monthly audits of the station. QA/QC

procedures for the site are equivalent to the UK AURN procedures.


J946 28 of 29 May 2010

QA/QC of diffusion tube monitoring

11.7 In the WASP scheme, analysis of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes, October 2008 – October 2009

shows Gradko tubes had good performance1. In a separate study, the QA/QC results for precision

of Gradko tubes were good2. The precision of the Lickey End diffusion tubes was good overall.

Nitrogen dioxide with distance from Road Calculator Input

11.8 Diffusion tube location KR monitored a concentration of 63 μg/m3 of nitrogen dioxide. The

concentration at the façade of the nearest residential property was calculated using the input

values shown in the following table.

1 The Workplace Analysis Scheme for Proficiency (WASP) scheme is an independent analytical performance testing scheme, operated by the Health and Safety Laboratory (HSL). http://www.laqmsupport.org.uk/Summary_of_Laboratory_Performance_in_WASP_R103-107.pdf

2 http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/R&Asupport/Tube_Precision2009(Mar2010).pdf

http://www.laqmsupport.org.uk/Summary_of_Laboratory_Performance_in_WASP_R103-107.pdf

http://www.uwe.ac.uk/aqm/review/R&Asupport/Tube_Precision2009(Mar2010).pdf


J946 29 of 29 May 2010

This calculator allows you to predict the annual mean NO2 concentration for a location ("receptor") that is close to a monitoring site, but nearer or further the kerb than the monitor. The next sheet shows your results on a graph.

Enter data into the yellow cells

Step 1 How far from the KERB was your measurement made (in metres)? (Note 1) 0 1.7 metres

Step 2 How far from the KERB is your receptor (in metres)? (Note 1) 0 8.1 metres

Step 4 What is the local annual mean background NO2 concentration (in µg/m3)? (Note 2) 0 14.8 µg/m3

Step 3 What is your measured annual mean NO2 concentration (in µg/m3)? (Note 2) 0 63 µg/m3

Result The predicted annual mean NO2 concentration (in µg/m3) at your receptor (Note 3) 46.0 µg/m3

Note 1: This should be measured horizontally from the kerb and assumes that the monitor and receptor have similar elevations. Each distance should be greater than 0.1m and less than 50m (In practice, using a value of 0.1m when the monitor is closer to the kerb than this is likely to be reasonable). The receptor is the location for which you wish to make your prediction. The monitor can either be closer to the kerb than the receptor, or further from the kerb than the receptor. The closer the monitor and the receptor are to each other, the more reliable the prediction will be. When your receptor is further from the kerb than your monitor, it is recommended that the receptor and monitor should be within 20m of each other. When your receptor is closer to the kerb than your monitor, it is recommended that the receptor and monitor should be within 10m of each other.

Note 2: The measurement and the background must be for the same year. The background concentration could come from the national maps published at www.airquality.co.uk, or alternatively from a nearby monitor in a background location.

Note 3: The calculator follows the procedure set out in Box 2.2 of LAQM TG(08). The results will have a greater uncertainty than the measured data. More confidence can be placed in results where the distance between the monitor and the receptor is small than where it is large.

http://www.airquality.co.uk

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