Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex
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Transcript of Brodmann's areas of the cerebral cortex
Dr.Mohammed Sadiq Azam
Postgraduate, Prof.Siraj’s unit, M:I
Deccan College of Medical Sciences
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF
THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
BRAIN - ANATOMY
BRAIN - ANATOMY
BRAIN - ANATOMY
BRAIN – FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
HISTOLOGY
Six layers:
I: Molecular layer
II: External granular layer
III: Small pyramidal cell layer
IV: Internal granular layer
V: Large pyramidal cell layer
VI: Layer of fusiform or
polymorphic cells
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
SENSORY HOMUNCULOUS
• SSA 1 & SSA 2
• Amorphsynthesis – forgets one half
SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
MOTOR CORTEX
MOTOR HOMUNCULOUS
MOTOR AREAS
• Way station for “command signals”
• Important in movement & equilibrium
• Reticular nuclei and vestibular nuclei
• Vestibular nuclei: M, K, S
ROLE OF BRAIN STEM IN MOTOR FUNCTION:
VISUAL CORTEX
VISUAL CORTEX
VISUAL CORTEX
CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
• EOM:• Medial & Lateral recti• Inferior & Suerior recti• Superior & Inferipr oblique
• MLF
CONTROL OF EYE MOVEMENTS
• Fixation eye movements
• Voluntary fixation mechanism
• Involuntary fixation mechanism
• Role of superior colliculi in involuntary fixation
• Continuous tremor
• Slow drift
• Flicking movts
• Saccadic eye movements
• Pursuit movements
AUDITORY CORTEX
AUDITORY CORTEX
• Determination of direction of entry of sound:
• Time lag between entry of sound into one ear and the other
• Difference between the intensities of the sounds in the two ears.
• Neural mechanism:
• Superior olivary nucleus
OLFACTORY CORTEX
• Very old – Medial olfactory area
• Hypothalamus & limbic cortex
• Less old olfactory area
• Limbic cortex & Paleocortex
• Newer pathway
• Dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
• Lateropasterior quadrant of the orbitofrontale cortex
ASSOCIATION AREAS
ASSOCIATION AREAS
• Parietooccipitotemporal association area:
• Spatial co-ordinates
• Language comprehension (Wernicke’s area)
• Visual comprehension (Angulate gyrus - Dyslexia)
• Naming objects
• Prefrontal association area:
• Sequential and parallel inputs of motor function
• Planning of motor activity (thought process)
• Working memory
ASSOCIATION AREAS
• = GENERAL INTERPRETIVE AREA
• = GNOSTIC AREA
• = KNOWING AREA
• = TERITARY ASSOCIATION AREA
• Single greatest role of any part of the cerebral cortex for the function of intelligence.
• Highly developed on the dominant hemisphere in the posterior part of the superior temporal lobe.
WERNICKE’S AREA:
• Most inferior portion of posterior parietal lobe.
• Visual comprehension
• Dyslexia
ANGULAR GYRUS
• Medial undersides of both occipital lobes
• Prosophenosia
FACE RECOGNITION
SPEAKING A HEARD WORD
SPEAKING A WRITTEN WORD
• Interpretation of music
• Nonverbal visual experiences (patterns)
• Spatial relationships between person and environment
• Body language, intonation of voices
• Somatic experiences from limbs and hands
NON DOMINANT HEMISPHERE
• Lesion at angular and supramarginal gyri near parietotemporal junction
• Dysgraphia
• Dyscalculia
• Finger agnosia
• Left right disorientation
Gerstmann syndrome
THANK YOU